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1.
Surg Neurol Int ; 15: 156, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38840596

RESUMO

Background: Transsphenoidal surgery has become a key element in the approach to skull base pathologies. The objective of the study was to explore the morphometry of the sphenoidal region in the Peruvian population, with an emphasis on understanding its specific anatomical characteristics and providing quantitative data for the planning of transsphenoidal surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional study included a random sample of 81 cases of healthy individuals who presented to the Radiology Department of a Private Hospital Center in Peru over 1 year. Skull computed tomography scans without contrast were performed, and a detailed morphometric analysis was conducted by an expert neurosurgeon, including measurements of four parameters to evaluate the anatomy of the craniofacial region. Results: Most participants exhibited complete sellar pneumatization, followed by incomplete sellar pneumatization, while conchal pneumatization was rare. Significant differences were found between men and women in the distance from the nasal opening to the dorsum of the sella turcica. No significant gender differences were observed in other anatomical measurements or significant changes with age in anatomical measurements. Conclusion: Morphometric analysis provides crucial data for the precise customization of surgical interventions in the Peruvian population, especially in transsphenoidal surgery. The results highlight the importance of considering individual anatomical differences and gender variability during surgical planning. Morphometry emerges as a valuable tool to enhance the quality and safety of transsphenoidal surgery by adapting surgical strategies to the specific anatomical dimensions of each patient.

2.
Surg Neurol Int ; 15: 9, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38344103

RESUMO

Background: The foramen magnum, as an anatomical structure, holds clinical and functional significance due to its strategic location in the craniovertebral transition. A detailed understanding of its dimensions and shapes is crucial for better comprehension of related pathologies and for enhancing neurosurgical techniques within a specific population. The objective is to measure precise morphometric reference points of the foramen magnum in individuals of Peruvian ancestry, aiming to establish specific anatomical patterns and potential variations within this population. Methods: The study was conducted on 17 unidentified skulls donated to the NeuroZone3D Research Center, utilizing an inelastic and soft measuring tape as the tool. Our report considered direct anthropometric measurement techniques with data collection performed by a single researcher. Results: Distinct morphometric characteristics were observed in the foramen magnum of the Peruvian population compared to other studies. The average measurements of the skull base revealed a foramen magnum with a mean length of 33.80 mm and a width of 28.70 mm, along with right condyles measuring 25 mm in length and 14.10 mm in width, and left condyles measuring 23.80 mm in length and 13.90 mm in width. Conclusion: The morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum in the Peruvian population provides valuable insights into specific anatomical features within this ethnic group. These findings could have significant implications across various medical and surgical disciplines, from interpreting diagnostic images to designing more precise therapeutic interventions tailored to this population.

3.
J Neurosurg Case Lessons ; 3(13)2022 Mar 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36273859

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is a neurological condition with high rates of morbidity and mortality, which is treated by various surgical techniques that seek minimal parenchymal distortion and maximum evacuation of the hematoma. OBSERVATIONS: The advancement of technology has allowed the development of minimally invasive techniques, but the high cost of its equipment is a limitation for its practice in developing countries or third world countries. A new technique called MEP-BA by its acronym in Spanish (microscope, polypropylene endoport and Foley catheter, bipolar forceps and aspiration) is presented, which seeks optimal results with low-cost materials through a polypropylene endoport with a sterile disposable syringe and Foley catheter, allowing the creation of transcortical or transsulcal corridors for the total evacuation of the hematoma. LESSONS: The neurosurgeon must be a creator and innovator of neurosurgical techniques and equipment that allow procedures to be reproducible worldwide. The MEP-BA technique provides low-cost access through which it allows the use of aspiration and coagulation devices, minimizing brain damage and maximizing the safety and efficacy of intracerebral hematoma evacuation.

4.
Horiz. meÌud. (Impresa) ; 22(4)oct. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421614

RESUMO

Las lesiones difusas de médula son raras y un reto diagnóstico. Los gliomas de bajo grado son los de mayor prevalencia y los astrocitomas primarios, el subtipo más frecuente. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 36 años, con tiempo de enfermedad de 13 años de dolor cervical insidioso, progresa con hemiparesia derecha y, posteriormente, paraparesia severa con pérdida de control de esfínteres. Mediante una RMN total de columna se evidenciaron lesiones neoproliferativas difusas abarcando todos los segmentos medulares. Se realizó una biopsia a cielo abierto en segmento T1-T2, la patología diagnosticó glioma de bajo grado. El tratamiento es controversial y se descartó la cirugía por la alta morbilidad. Se optó por radioterapia y quimioterapia por su rol importante en el control de la enfermedad.


Diffuse spinal cord injuries are rare and pose a diagnostic challenge. Low-grade gliomas are the most prevalent type, with primary astrocytomas being the most frequent subtype. We present the case of a 36-year-old man with a 13-year history of squeezing neck pain, which progressed with right hemiparesis and later with severe paraparesis and loss of sphincter control. A whole spine MRI scan showed diffuse neoproliferative lesions that spread throughout all the spinal cord segments. An open biopsy of the lesion in the T1-T2 segment was performed. The pathology report stated low-grade glioma. Treatment is controversial, so surgery was ruled out due to high morbidity. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were chosen because they play an important role in controlling the disease.

6.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1051979

RESUMO

Introducción: Los gliomas conforman la mayoría de los tumores primarios que surgen del parénquima cerebral. Reporte de caso: varón de 39 años, con antecedente de hace 08 años de oligodendroglioma grado II sometido a cirugía para exéresis completa, más quimioterapia y radioterapia; que se presentó con 6 semanas de enfermedad caracterizada por crisis convulsivas tónico clónicas generalizadas, adormecimiento y disminución de fuerza de hemicuerpo derecho. El examen clínico revelo hemiparesia derecha a predominio braquial 2/5, Glasgow 15 puntos. En la resonancia cerebral se encontró extenso realce nodular de 4.8 cm localizado en región fronto-parietal izquierda, con abundante edema vasogénico ejerciendo efecto de masa. Se realiza segunda cirugía encontrando en anatomía patología un glioma de IV grado OMS. Conclusión: Los oligodendrogliomas son tumores de crecimiento lento, cuyo tratamiento es conjunto, cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia. La recurrencia generalmente se da con un grado más elevado, disminuye la esperanza de vida del paciente.

7.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1052073

RESUMO

Introducción: El nivel conocimiento de la validez y seguridad de las pruebas diagnósticas, es de importancia para poder aplicar correctamente y reconocer si esta sirve para descartar o detectar una enfermedad. Sin embargo, no se ha encontrado estudios, ni instrumentos que midan este conocimiento. Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un instrumento para medir el nivel de conocimiento sobre la validez y seguridad de las pruebas diagnósticas más frecuentes aplicadas por médicos generales de Chiclayo 2011. Material y métodos: Se diseñó un cuestionario de 29 preguntas, de las cuales 20 corresponden a la dimensión clínica y 9 a la dimensión teórica. Se analizó la validez de contenido mediante la valoración por expertos. Se realizó la prueba piloto, entrevistando a 34 médicos generales aplicándoles el cuestionario, del cual se evaluó la fiabilidad, analizando la consistencia interna por el método del alfa de Cronbach y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI); así como la medida de adecuación muestral Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett para realizar el análisis factorial. Resultados: El alfa de Cronbach del cuestionario fue de 0,76; para la dimensión clínica, 0,62 y para la dimensión teórica, 0,65. La CCI tuvo un valor de 76%. El valor de KMO fue 0,207, por lo que no se debe realizar el análisis factorial y el resultado de la prueba de Bartlett fue 0,00, lo cual es aceptable. Conclusión: El estudio brinda un instrumento fiable para la medición de conocimiento acerca de las pruebas diagnósticas más frecuentes aplicadas por médicos generales.

8.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1051909

RESUMO

Introducción: La desnutrición en los adultos mayores es un problema altamente prevalente en pacientes hospitalizados(80%); es necesario su diagnóstico, el cual es posible mediante pruebas bioquímicas o cuestionarios como el Mini Nutricional Assessment (MNA), estos procesos resultan largos y complicados; debido a esto, es necesario conocer nuevas pruebas diagnósticas confiables para su pronta detección. Por esta razón buscamos determinar el valor diagnóstico de la Circunferencia de Brazo (CB), Pierna (CP) y Muslo (CM) en la valoración del estado nutricional de los adultos mayores en el Hospital Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo 2011. Material y métodos: Se utilizó el programa Epidat 3.1 para el cálculo de la muestra de pruebas diagnósticas, el tamaño final fue de 234 adultos mayores con una sensibilidad esperada de 92% y precisión de 5%. Se aplicó el MNA y mediciones de la CB, CP y CM. Para el análisis de las curvas ROC, la correlación de Pearson y el índice Kappa se utilizó el programa STATA 11.0. Resultados: El área bajo la curva de la CB es 0,71;CP, 0,80 y CM, 0,72. El mayor índice kappa fue 0,47 y Pearson resultó mayor en 0,63 ambos correspondientes a CP. Además se encontraron los puntos de corte para población estudiada para CB, 27cm; CP, 33cm y CM, 40cm. Conclusiones: La CB, CP y CM por si solos no proporcionan un diagnóstico similar al MNA. La CP tiene un mayor poder discriminatorio de desnutrición, con respecto a las otras dos pruebas, por lo que se recomienda utilizar el CP como tamizaje.(AU)


Introduction: Malnutrition in senior adults is a highly prevalent problem in hospitalized patients (80%);a diagnosis is needed, which is possible by biochemical tests or questionnaires such as the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). These processes are long and complicated; therefore we need to known ew reliable diagnostic tests for early detection. For this reasonwe seek to determine the diagnostic value of arm (AC), leg (LC) and thigh circumference (TC) in the assessment of nutritional status of senior adult sin the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo Hospital2011. Material and Method:We used the software Epidat3.1 for the calculation of the sample for diagnostic tests, the final sample was 234 senior adults with an expected sensitivity of 92% and precision of 5%. MNA and measurements of the AC, LC and TC were applied. For ROC curve analysis, the Pearson correlation and the Kappa index, STATA11.0 was used Results: The area under the curve for AC, LC and TC was, respectively, 0.71, 0.80 and 0.72. The highestkappawas0.47 and Pearson was greater by 0.63 in both for LC. We also found the cutoff points for the population studied, being 27cm for AC, 33cm for LC, and 40cm for TC. Conclusions: AC, LC and TC do not provide a diagnosis similar to the MNA. The L Chas a higher malnutrition discriminatory power, regarding the other two tests, so it is recommended to use the LC for screening.(AU)

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