RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Emotion is a key component in language processing, but emotional words processing in children is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional dimensions, arousal and valence, word familiarity, comprehension, use, and emotional content recognition. Eventually, a list of emotional content words for this age was prepared in Persian. MATERIALS&METHODS: The study was conducted in selected elementary schools in Tehran, Iran from April to June 2017. Emotional words, from adult emotional words list, were categorized into 5 groups according to their arousal and valence scores, including neutral, happy, calm, anxious and sad. Evaluation of familiarity, use, comprehension and emotional content recognition of the list was conducted with a checklist in 60 first grade children by speech and language pathologist. RESULTS: Neutral words gained the highest score in familiarity, use, comprehension and emotional content recognition (the mean=0.74). Afterward, there were the emotional words with high valence, calm (the mean=0.64) and happy (the mean=0.52). Finally, it was found the low score for valence emotional words, sad (the mean=0.46) anxious (the mean =0.43) in end of score rating. There was a significant difference between all word groups in four aspects (P-value<0.001). There were no significant differences between boys and girls in four aspects. CONCLUSION: Neutral words are better comprehended and expressed than emotional words. Valence is more effective than arousal in emotional words. Gender was not a determinant factor in all of the aspects. An emotional word list which is comprehensible for children in Persian language was prepared.
RESUMO
Background: As there is no standard aphasia screening tool for Azeri language yet, the aim of this study was to develop an aphasia screening test with acceptable validity and reliability. Methods: The present study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, by literature search, the screening test was designed and to obtain validity it was peer reviewed by expert panel. After collecting experts' ratings and comments, appropriate modifications were applied. For test-retest reliability in the second phase, edited test was administered in 32 patients with brain injuries, then the retest was performed two weeks later. Results: The developed test had eight subscales including: A) picture description, B) syntax, C) linguistic reasoning, D) descriptive naming, E) perception of minimal pairs, F) comprehensive vocabulary, G) expressive vocabulary, H) verbal fluency. Each section had five questions except verbal fluency which had 3 items. Content validity ratio (CVR) according to Lawshe's approach, was 82% for the whole test. Intraclass correlation for all subscales were more than 0.8. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal reliability was 0.901. Conclusion: This aphasia screening test seems to have acceptable psychometric properties. This test can probably be used in clinical setting by specialists.