The association between social support with compliance of IFA supplement intake among adolescent girls in Sidoarjo, Indonesia.

Background: Anemia is a severe nutritional issue affecting people worldwide, including in Indonesia. One of the government's initiatives to alleviate anemia afflicting adolescent Indonesian girls is iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS). However, this program has shown to be ineffective, which may be due to poor compliance of IFAS. Aim: This study aimed to identify the association of social support (sources of information and reminders) with compliance of IFA supplement intake among adolescent girls in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Methods: This research was an observational analytic study with the cross-sectional method in three schools in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. A total of 202 high school adolescent girls were randomly selected. Bivariate statistics with the Spearman rank test determined associations and the strength of associations at a significant threshold of p < 0.05. Results: IFA compliance was low (11.4%). However, there was a significant association between the number of sources of information (r = 0.175, p = 0.013) and the number of reminders (r = 0.158; p = 0.025) with compliance of high school adolescent girls to consume IFA supplements regularly in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Meanwhile, age did not significantly affect compliance of regular IFA supplement consumption. Conclusions: The compliance level was positively related to the number of sources of information and the number of reminders for taking IFA supplements among high school adolescent girls. Involvement from social environments such as teachers, parents, and health workers as a source of information and reminders can help improve high school adolescent girls' compliance.

Development of pregnancy class with husband's assistance on the outcome of teenage pregnancy.

Background: Teenage pregnancy is an international phenomenon without a definite solution to date. Globally, an estimated 16 million girls aged 15-19 give birth each year. Husbands need to play their assistance role in order to thwart the negative impact of the outcome of teenage pregnancy. Research objective: To identify the effect of the development of Pregnancy Classes with the Husband's Assistance on the Outcome of Teenage Pregnancy in the Dayak community, Central Kalimantan. Research methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with the posttest-only non-equivalent control group design involving the husband's assistance in pregnancy classes. The respondents were 60 individuals where 30 of them were given the pregnancy class assistance intervention while the other 30 were not given any intervention (control group). Results and discussion: Pregnancy class with Assistance by the husband increases positive pregnancy outcomes 2.4 times compared to without the husband's assistance. Family support increases positive pregnancy outcomes 2.5 times compared to pregnant women without support from the family. Pregnant women that are highly motivated regarding antenatal care are likely to have positive pregnancy outcomes 5.4 times greater than pregnant women with low motivation. Based on the analysis, then the variables that have no effect are the history of antenatal care, frequency of antenatal care, and support from health workers. Conclusions: Pregnancy class with husband's assistance affects positive outcomes of teenage pregnancy. Other factors with meaningful influence on pregnancy outcomes include family support and motivation to seek teenage antenatal care. Furthermore, other factors that have no influence include the teenager's age, history of antenatal care, frequency of antenatal care, and support from health workers. An intervention is needed that involves the husband/partner in the form of active assistance.

Antiretroviral medication adherence for people with HIV/AIDS.

Background: People with HIV/AIDS require treatment with antiretrovirals (ARV) to reduce the amount of HIV virus in the body so it does not enter the AIDS stage, while people with AIDS require ARV treatment to prevent opportunistic infections with various complications. Objective: This study aimed to determine the ARV medication adherence of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), get information on the facts that influence PLWHA's use of ARV, analyze factors that influence PLWHA's use of ARV, and get information about treatment management for PLWHA. Methods: This study is a systematic review. Research information was obtained using the Google Scholar facility and an index of journal publications. Results: Factors related to ARV adherence in PLWHA include family support, level of knowledge, peer group support, side effects of medicine, motivation, behavioral skills, psychology of PLWHA patients, boredom, stigma, health care facilities, therapy guidelines, characteristics of comorbidities, perception, gender, health insurance, self-efficacy, social isolation, age, education level, income, duration of ARV treatment, support from health workers, spiritual motivation, and use of health services for the last three years. Conclusion: Adherence and family support play important roles in healing PLWHA. PLWHA must adhere to treatment with antiretrovirals. Family support plays an important role in healing PLWHA. It is suggested to the families of PLWHA that they give motivation and comply with the advice of health workers.

Compliance of Iron Supplementation and Determinants among Adolescent Girls: A Systematic Review.

Background: Iron deficiency anemia in children or women in pregnancy, is a public health problem in some countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has called on all countries to achieve a 5% reduction in anemia in women of childbearing age, including adolescent girls, by 2025. One of the programs is iron supplementation. The success depends on the adherence of adolescent girls to consume iron tablets. This systematic review aimed to find the level of compliance to iron supplementation consumption among adolescent girls and explore barriers and facilitator factors to such adherence. Methods: This article was a systematic review and conducted a multi-database search. The articles passed the PRISMA flow diagram process. The inclusion and exclusion rules decided the qualification of studies included. Of 1066 articles, we obtained 20 studies for the systematic review. Result: The lowest compliance found were 26.2% and 26.3%, and was high (>80%) in intervention studies involving supervision and monitoring and peer educator. All articles' barrier and facilitator factors were classified into four categories; personal, social, environmental, and regimen. Conclusion: Efforts to improve adolescent compliance to take iron tablets should consider all of these factors.

The role of social support and interpersonal trust to improve compliance of iron supplementation amongst adolescent girls: A qualitative approach.

Context: Adolescence is a crucial phase in preventing and controlling anaemia. One of the efforts made by the Indonesian government to overcome adolescent girl's anaemia is the iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation programme. This programme is one of the most effective interventions that various countries have used to overcome anaemia. The key to the success of the supplementation of IFA is the compliance of adolescent girls. Aims: This study investigates the compliance and its contributing factors of IFA supplementation and the role of social support and interpersonal trust as a source of information and reminder amongst adolescent girls in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Methods: This research was a qualitative study using the in-depth interview to collect data. Thirteen adolescent girls from three high schools in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, were recruited using a snowball sampling technique. Results: Most of the girls did not comply with IFA supplementation. Contributing factors were the influence of peers, influence of teachers, parental influence, risk and benefit of taking IFA tablet and also failure to remember to take IFA tablet. The social environment that provided information and reminder came from teacher, parent, peer and also health worker. Interpersonal trust was needed to have positive perceived social support. Conclusions: Compliance with the consumption of IFA supplements requires the cooperation of various parties (teachers, parents, peers and health workers) and also interpersonal trust between adolescent girls to their social environment so the programme could be run optimally.

Associations of Urban Residence and Wealth Index With Various Sources of Contraceptives Among Young Women Aged 15-24 Years in 25 Sub-Saharan African Countries.

PURPOSE: Appreciating user differences in contraceptive sources is essential for improving contraceptive access and safeguarding an equitable and sustainable future. Therefore, this study explored whether urban residence and individual wealth are associated with where women access contraception (e.g., government, private, or nongovernmental organization provider) and assessed whether these associations are modified by the income level in the respondents' country of residence. METHODS: We analyzed the cross-sectional data of Demographic Health Surveys conducted between 2009 and 2020 in 25 countries. The final data set included 25,081 young women aged between 15 and 24 years who are using contraceptives. Multinomial logistic regression models were established to assess the associations of our outcome variable, namely, various contraceptive sources, with our main independent variables, namely, urban residence and wealth index. We also assessed the potential effect modification by country income level on the above associations. RESULTS: We observed obvious urban-rural and rich-poor disparities in odds of using contraceptive sources. Generally, living in urban residences and being wealthy were positively associated with all sources of contraceptives. However, these associations were mostly modified by country income level. People living in urban residences utilized more private sources, especially in low-income (beta coefficient, B = 0.973) and upper-middle-income countries (B = 1.361). Young women in urban areas across all analyzed countries were also more likely to use contraceptives from other sources (B = 0.267). In addition, women from poor households were less likely to use private sources (B = -1.166) and other sources (B = -0.547). DISCUSSION: Even though young women may prefer private sources of contraceptives due to their confidentiality and flexible hours, these sources carry more benefits for rich and urban young women than for poor and rural women. The differential accessibility and affordability may account for the observed urban-rural and rich-poor disparities in using contraceptive sources, respectively, and the income level of a country is likely to modify such disparities.