Congenital knee dislocation. Therapeutic protocol and long-term functional results. / Luxación congénita de rodilla. Protocolo terapéutico y resultados funcionales a largo plazo.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Congenital knee dislocation is a very rare entity, characterised by deformity in knee recurvatum present at birth, and there is currently no consensus on the optimal treatment. The aim of the present study is to analyse the functional results and long-term complications after the application of a protocol of therapeutic action for the management of congenital knee dislocation (CKD) created in a reference centre for child orthopaedics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of patients with congenital dislocation of the knee who followed CRPL between January 1997 and December 2010. Demographic variables, type of treatment, functional outcomes at the end of the follow-up, complications and relapses were studied. The conservative treatment consisted of serial casts, leaving the surgical treatment for cases in which passive flexion was not achieved above 30° or the conservative treatment failed. RESULTS: 9 patients (11 knees) met the inclusion criteria. The 66.7% were girls and the average follow-up was 15 years (9-22). In all cases, conservative treatment was initiated. Of the 11 knees treated, less than half (36%) required surgery. The average Lysholm questionnaire was 90.3 points, the WOMAC pain 0.4 (0-1), WOMAC stiffness 1.8 (0-6) and WOMAC function 3.8 (1-12). CONCLUSIONS: The existence and application of the PLCR protocol in a pathology as rare as congenital knee dislocation suggests good long-term functional results with few complications and no recurrences.

[Hematuria as the first sign of pelvic chondrosarcoma]. / Hematuria como primer signo del condrosarcoma de pelvis.

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor which often affects the pelvic ring and its symptomathology is non-specific and insidious. We display a case of a right iliopubic branch chondrosarcoma in a 62-year-old male whose first sing was a four-year history of sporadic macroscopic haematuria, related to efforts. After being studied by the Urology Department by cystoscopy and biopsy of bladder tumor, chondral cells were appreciated. Further study with imaging tests diagnosed low-grade chondrosarcoma with bladder infringement. The case is assessed by Musculoskeletal Tumors Committee and a multidisciplinary approach is carried out through en bloc resection and pelvic floor reconstruction. Currently the patient remains asymptomatic.

El condrosarcoma es un tumor maligno que afecta con frecuencia la pelvis y su sintomatología es inespecífica e insidiosa. Describimos el caso de un condrosarcoma de la rama iliopubiana derecha en un varón de 62 años cuyo primer signo de aparición fue una hematuria macroscópica esporádica, relacionada con esfuerzos y de cuatro meses de evolución. Tras ser estudiado por el servicio de urología mediante cistoscopía con biopsia de tumoración en pared vesical se aprecian células de estirpe condral. Tras posterior estudio con pruebas de imagen se diagnostica condrosarcoma de bajo grado con invasión de la vejiga, por lo que es valorado en el comité de tumores musculoesqueléticos y se realiza un abordaje multidisciplinar mediante exéresis en bloque y reconstrucción del suelo pélvico. Actualmente el paciente continúa asintomático.

Prognostic factors and predictive model for in-hospital mortality following hip fractures in the elderly.

PURPOSE: The incidence of hip fractures is increasing within the aging population. Our objective was to identify and quantify the risk factors and develop a predictive model for the in-hospital mortality among hip fracture patients older than 65 years. METHODS: This is a prospective study conducted on 331 hip fracture patients older than 65 years admitted to our hospital from 2011 to 2014. Patients' demographics, prehospitalization residential status, prefracture comorbidity data, anti-aggregant and anticoagulant medication, preoperative hemoglobin value, type of fractures, type of treatments, time to surgery, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: The average age was 83 years, 73% female, and 57% of them sustained a femoral neck fracture. In 62.8% of patients, the number of pre-fracture baseline comorbidities was ≥2. The in-hospital mortality rate was 11.4%. In multivariate analysis, age over 90 years, congestive heart failure, asthma, rheumatologic disease, lung cancer, and not taking antiaggregant medication were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. A formula and risk stratification scoring for predicting the risk for in-hospital mortality was developed. Risk-adjustment model based on these variables had acceptable accuracy for predicting in-hospital mortality (c-statistic 0.77). CONCLUSION: Advanced age, and five prefracture comorbidities have a strong association with in-hospital mortality in a hip fracture patient older than 65 years old. Our predictive model was specifically designed for the old hip fracture population. It has an accuracy similar to other risk models. The specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value are high. In addition, it could discriminate a high risk patient from a low risk patient for in-hospital mortality.

Factores de riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria en la fractura proximal de fémur / Risk factors for in-hospital mortality following hip fracture

Objetivo. Identificar y cuantificar los factores relacionados con la mortalidad intrahospitalaria en pacientes mayores de 65 años con fractura proximal de fémur. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional de cohortes retrospectivo de una base de datos prospectiva de pacientes mayores de 65 años con fractura proximal de fémur entre 2011 y 2014. Se incluyeron en el estudio 331 pacientes. Se registraron variables demográficas, procedencia del paciente, grado de deambulación y dependencia, comorbilidades asociadas, estado mental, toma de medicación anticoagulante o antiagregante, valor de la hemoglobina al ingreso, tipo de fractura, tipo de tratamiento, demora quirúrgica y presencia de complicaciones. Resultados. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 83 años. En un 73% eran mujeres. Y el 57% presentaron fractura subcapital de fémur. El número de comorbilidades era igual o mayor de 2 en un 62,8%. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 11,4%. En el estudio univariante, la edad mayor de 90 años, sexo varón, no antiagregación, el tratamiento ortopédico de la fractura, un valor de la hemoglobina ≤ 10g/dl, un número de comorbilidades ≥ 2, un índice de Charlson ≥ 2, un índice de Charlson ajustado a la edad ≥ 6, la insuficiencia cardíaca, el asma, la enfermedad reumática, fueron variables asociadas a la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Conclusiones. Los factores preoperatorios relacionados con el paciente influyen directamente en la mortalidad intrahospitalaria del paciente con fractura proximal de fémur mayor de 65 años. Dado que estos factores no son modificables, recomendamos el desarrollo de protocolos de actuación que permitan reducir la mortalidad intrahospitalaria en este grupo de pacientes (AU)

Objective: To identify and quantify the risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients older than 65 years with a hip fracture. Materials and methods: retrospective review of prospectively collected data. We studied a cohort of 331 hip fracture patients older than 65 years of age admitted to our hospital from 2011 to 2014. Patients demographics, type of residence, physical function, mobility, prefracture comorbidities data, cognitive status, anti-aggregant and anticoagulant medication, preoperative haemoglobin value, type of fracture, type of treatment, surgical delay, and complications, were recorded. Results: The average age was 83, 73% female, and 57% had sustained a subcapital fracture. In 62.8% pre-fracture baseline co-morbidities were equal or greater than 2. The in-hospital mortality rate was 11.4%. In univariate analysis, age over 90, male gender, haemoglobin ≤ 10g/dl, no antiplatelet agents, orthopaedic treatment, number of co-morbidities ≥ 2, Charlson index ≥ 2, age-adjusted Charlson index ≥ 6, congestive heart failure, asthma, rheumatologic disease, were associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: Preoperative patient-related factors have a strong relationship with in-hospital mortality in a hip fracture patients aged older than 65 years. These factors are non-modifiable; we recommend the development of protocols to reduce in-hospital mortality in this group of patients (AU)

Factores de riesgo para la demora quirúrgica en la fractura de cadera / Risk-factors for surgical delay following hip fracture

Objetivo. Identificar los factores al ingreso relacionados con una demora quirúrgica mayor de 2 días en pacientes mayores de 65 años con fractura de cadera. Material y métodos. Estudio de una base de datos prospectiva de pacientes mayores de 65 años con fractura proximal de fémur entre enero de 2015 y abril de 2016. Se incluyeron en el estudio 180 pacientes. Se registraron variables demográficas, día de ingreso, comorbilidades asociadas, estado mental, nivel de deambulación y dependencia, tipo de fractura, toma de medicación anticoagulante o antiagregante, valor de la hemoglobina al ingreso, tipo de tratamiento, y demora quirúrgica. Resultados. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 83,7 años. El valor medio del índice de comorbilidad de Charlson era de 2,8; con un 70% de pacientes con al menos 2 comorbilidades. La demora quirúrgica media fue de 3,1 días. En el momento del ingreso, 122 pacientes (67,7%) se consideraron aptos para la intervención quirúrgica. De ellos, 80 pacientes (44,4%) fueron intervenidos en los 2 primeros días tras el ingreso. El análisis multivariante mostraba el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson mayor de 2, la anticoagulación, y el ingreso hospitalario de jueves a sábado, como factores independientes asociados a la demora quirúrgica mayor de 2 días. Conclusiones. El porcentaje de pacientes con fractura de cadera intervenidos en los 2 primeros días del ingreso hospitalario es bajo. Los factores asociados a la demora quirúrgica no son modificables. Sin embargo, su conocimiento debería permitir el desarrollo de protocolos de actuación que consiguieran reducir la demora quirúrgica en este grupo de pacientes (AU)

Objective. To identify pre-operative risk factors for surgical delay of more than 2 days after admission in patients older than 65 years with a hip fracture. Material and methods. A prospective observational study was conducted on 180 hip fractures in patients older than 65 years of age admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to April 2016. The data recorded included, patient demographics, day of admission, pre-fracture comorbidities, mental state, level of mobility and physical function, type of fracture, antiaggregant and anticoagulant medication, pre-operative haemoglobin value, type of treatment, and surgical delay. Results. The mean age of the patients was 83.7 years. The mean Charlson Index was 2.8. The pre-fracture baseline co-morbidities were equal or greater than 2 in 70% of cases. Mean timing of surgery was 3.1 days. At the time of admission, 122 (67.7%) patients were fit for surgery, of which 80 (44.4%) underwent surgery within 2 days. A Charlson index greater than 2, anticoagulant therapy, and admission on Thursday to Saturday, were independently associated with a surgical delay greater than 2 days. Conclusions. The rate of hip fracture patients undergoing surgery within 2 days is low. Risk factors associated to surgical delay are non-modifiable. However, their knowledge should allow the development of protocols that can reduce surgical delay in this group of patients (AU)

Risk factors for in-hospital mortality following hip fracture. / Factores de riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria en la fractura proximal de fémur.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and quantify the risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients older than 65 years with a hip fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. We studied a cohort of 331 hip fracture patients older than 65 years of age admitted to our hospital from 2011 to 2014. Patients demographics, type of residence, physical function, mobility, prefracture comorbidities data, cognitive status, anti-aggregant and anticoagulant medication, preoperative haemoglobin value, type of fracture, type of treatment, surgical delay, and complications, were recorded. RESULTS: The average age was 83, 73% female, and 57% had sustained a subcapital fracture. In 62.8% pre-fracture baseline co-morbidities were equal or greater than 2. The in-hospital mortality rate was 11.4%. In univariate analysis, age over 90, male gender, haemoglobin ≤ 10g/dl, no antiplatelet agents, orthopaedic treatment, number of co-morbidities≥2, Charlson index≥2, age-adjusted Charlson index≥6, congestive heart failure, asthma, rheumatologic disease, were associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative patient-related factors have a strong relationship with in-hospital mortality in a hip fracture patients aged older than 65 years. These factors are non-modifiable; we recommend the development of protocols to reduce in-hospital mortality in this group of patients.

Risk-factors for surgical delay following hip fracture. / Factores de riesgo para la demora quirúrgica en la fractura de cadera.

OBJECTIVE: To identify pre-operative risk factors for surgical delay of more than 2 days after admission in patients older than 65 years with a hip fracture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted on 180 hip fractures in patients older than 65 years of age admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to April 2016. The data recorded included, patient demographics, day of admission, pre-fracture comorbidities, mental state, level of mobility and physical function, type of fracture, antiaggregant and anticoagulant medication, pre-operative haemoglobin value, type of treatment, and surgical delay. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 83.7 years. The mean Charlson Index was 2.8. The pre-fracture baseline co-morbidities were equal or greater than 2 in 70% of cases. Mean timing of surgery was 3.1 days. At the time of admission, 122 (67.7%) patients were fit for surgery, of which 80 (44.4%) underwent surgery within 2 days. A Charlson index greater than 2, anticoagulant therapy, and admission on Thursday to Saturday, were independently associated with a surgical delay greater than 2 days. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of hip fracture patients undergoing surgery within 2 days is low. Risk factors associated to surgical delay are non-modifiable. However, their knowledge should allow the development of protocols that can reduce surgical delay in this group of patients.