AI-Enabled IoT Framework for Leakage Detection and Its Consequence Prediction during External Transportation of LPG.

An accident during the transport of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) via a tanker vehicle leads to the leakage of a flammable substance, causing devastation. In such a situation, the appropriate action with the shortest possible delay can minimize subsequent losses. However, the decision-making mechanism remains unable to detect the occurrence of an accident and evaluate its extent within the critical time. This paper proposes an automatic framework for leakage detection and its consequence prediction during the external transportation of LPG using artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT). An AI model is developed to predict the probable consequences of the accident in terms of the diameter of risk contours. An IoT framework is proposed in which the developed AI model is deployed in the edge device to detect any leakage of gas during transportation, to predict its probable consequences, and to report it to the remotely located disaster management team for initiating appropriate action. A prototype of the proposed model is built and its performance is successfully tested. The proposed solution would significantly help to identify efficient disaster management techniques by allowing for quick leakage detection and the prediction of its probable consequences.

Future Wireless Communication Technology towards 6G IoT: An Application-Based Analysis of IoT in Real-Time Location Monitoring of Employees Inside Underground Mines by Using BLE.

In recent years, the IoT has emerged as the most promising technology in the key evolution of industry 4.0/industry 5.0, smart home automation (SHA), smart cities, energy savings and many other areas of wireless communication. There is a massively growing number of static and mobile IoT devices with a diversified range of speed and bandwidth, along with a growing demand for high data rates, which makes the network denser and more complicated. In this context, the next-generation communication technology, i.e., sixth generation (6G), is trying to build up the base to meet the imperative need of future network deployment. This article adopts the vision for 6G IoT systems and proposes an IoT-based real-time location monitoring system using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for underground communication applications. An application-based analysis of industrial positioning systems is also presented.

A Comparative Study between Truview PCD Video Laryngoscope and Macintosh Laryngoscope with Respect to Intubation Quality and Hemodynamic Changes.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Video laryngoscopes resemble traditional laryngoscopes, but they have a video chip embedded in the tip of laryngoscope blade. This enables the operator to "look around the corners" which is not possible with conventional direct laryngoscopes. The present study was undertaken to compare Truview video laryngoscope and Macintosh laryngoscope for glottis visualization, ease of tracheal intubation, and associated hemodynamic response. SETTING: The study was conducted in operation theater in a medical college. STUDY DESIGN: It was a randomized prospective observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade 1 and 2 of either sex aged 18-60 years who were scheduled to undergo elective surgery requiring general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation were selected. In patients of Group T (n = 30), intubation was done using Truview video laryngoscope, while in Group M (n = 30), intubation was done using Macintosh laryngoscope. Various airway and hemodynamic parameters were assessed and compared. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test, paired and unpaired Student's t-test, and ANOVA test. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Distribution of modified Mallampati Class (MMPC), ease of laryngoscopic blade insertion, and size of cuffed endotracheal tube used were statistically comparable in both the groups. The time to intubation was more in Group T (37.16 ± 8.23 s) as compared to Group M (29.80 ± 6.75 s). There was a statistically significant better modified Cormack and Lehane (CL) grading view obtained in Group T as compared to Group M (P = 0.025). CL Grades 2 and 3 were not seen in any of either of the group. The mean intubation difficulty score (IDS) was significantly lower in Group T (0.3 ± 0.60) as compared to Group M (0.73 ± 0.86). In both the Groups T and M, the mean heart rate, systolic blood pressure (BP), and diastolic BP were significantly increased from baseline for up to 3 min after laryngoscopy, but they were comparable between the two groups all the time. CONCLUSION: Truview propaganda cum distribution laryngoscope provides a better glottis view than the Macintosh laryngoscope. Although it requires a longer time to intubate using Truview, the overall IDS score was lower as compared to Macintosh laryngoscope. Hemodynamic changes remained similar in both the groups.

Machine Learning Enabled Performance Prediction Model for Massive-MIMO HetNet System.

To support upcoming novel applications, fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) wireless networks are being propelled to deploy an ultra-dense network with an ultra-high spectral efficiency using the combination of heterogeneous network (HetNet) solutions and massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). As the deployment of massive MIMO HetNet systems involves a high capital expenditure, network service providers need a precise performance analysis before investment. The performance of such networks is limited because of presence of inter-cell and inter-tier interferences. The conventional analytic approach to model the performance of such networks is not trivial, as the performance is a stochastic function of many network parameters. This paper proposes a machine learning (ML) approach to predict the network performance of a massive MIMO HetNet system considering a multi-cell scenario. This paper considers a two-tier network in which the base stations of each tier are equipped with massive MIMO systems working in a sub 6GHz band. The coverage probability (CP) and area spectral efficiency (ASE) are considered to be the network performance metrics that quantify the reliability and achievable rate in the network, respectively. Here, an ML model is inferred to predict the numerical values of the performance metrics for an arbitrary network configuration. In the process of practical deployments of future networks, the use of this model could be very valuable.

Inhalational Induction: A Safe Anaesthetic Management in a Patient with Crouzon Syndrome.

Crouzon syndrome is a rare genetic disorder involving craniofacial skeleton development. It's characterized by a triad of cranial deformities: premature craniosynostosis, facial anomalies (mid-facial hypoplasia), and exophthalmia. The anaesthetic management challenges include the presence of a difficult airway, history of obstructive sleep apnea, congenital cardiac disorders, hypothermia, blood loss, and venous air embolism. We present the case of an infant with Crouzon syndrome who was scheduled for a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement managed with inhalational induction.

Airway Management of Type-III Arnold Chiari Malformation: An Anaesthetic Challenge.

Arnold Chiari malformation (ACM) is defined as protrusion of the meninges and brain components into a congenital defect in the cranium or in the vertebral column. It was originally described by Austrian pathologist Hans Chiari. Among the four types, type-III ACM is the rarest and may associate with encephalocele. We report a case of type-III ACM associated with large occipitomeningoencephalocele with herniation of dysmorphic cerebellum, vermis, kinking/herniation of medulla with cerebrospinal fluid, tethering of spinal cord with posterior arch defect of C1-C3 vertebrae. The anaesthetic challenge for such patients lies in the proper preoperative work up; proper positioning of the patient during intubation; safe anaesthetic induction; intraoperative management of intracranial pressure, normothermia, and fluid and blood loss; and postoperative planning of extubation to prevent aspiration are the prerequisites to overcome the dificult airway management and anaesthetic challenge in the management of type III ACM.

Comparison between Intravenous Dexmedetomidine and Spray as you Go with 4% Lignocaine Versus Intravenous Fentanyl and Transtracheal Injection of 4% Lignocaine for Awake Nasotracheal Intubation with Flexible Vedioscope - A Randomized Single-Blind Prospective Study.

Background: Awake fiber-optic bronchoscopy-guided intubation is the method of choice in difficult airway which requires effective airway anesthesia to ensure patient comfort and acceptance. Aims: This study was conducted to assess the quality of airway anesthesia, patient comfort during intubation, and postoperative satisfaction of patients. Settings: Patients posted for surgeries under general anesthesia with Mallampati Grade I and II in a medical college. Patients were followed in the operation theater and postoperative ward. Study Design: This was a prospective randomized single-blind study. Materials and Methods: Group D received intravenous (i.v.) dexmedetomidine 1 µg.kg-1 i.v. over 10 min and 3 ml of 4% lignocaine spray as you go (SAYGo). Group F received i.v. fentanyl 2 µg.kg-1 over 10 min and transtracheal injection 3 ml of 4% lignocaine. Parameters assessed were endoscopic time, intubating condition, vocal cord position, cough severity, comfort during intubation, postoperative patient satisfaction, and any adverse effects such as sore throat, hoarseness, unpleasant memories, and hemodynamic response during intubation. Statistical Analysis: Independent Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test were used. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Intubating conditions, vocal cord position, cough severity, comfort during intubation, and postoperative patient satisfaction were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) in favor of Group D though endoscopic time was longer. Conclusion: IV dexmedetomidine with SAYGo is effective than IV fentanyl with transtracheal block for awake fiber-optic videoscopic intubation in terms of intubating conditions, vocal cord position, cough severity, comfort during intubation, and postoperative satisfaction of patients with significant attenuation of postintubation hemodynamic response and better preservation of respiration though endoscopic time is more.

Efficacy of Intra-articular Dexmedetomidine versus Buprenorphine for Postoperative Analgesia following Knee Arthroscopy: A Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic knee surgery is most commonly performed minimally invasive surgical procedure in orthopaedics. Postoperative pain relief is must for early mobilisation that reduces patient's morbidity and improves postoperative recovery. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare analgesic efficacy of intraarticular buprenorphine with dexmedetomidine following arthroscopic surgery of knee. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A prospective , randomized controlled double blinded study was conducted involving 60 patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were allocated into group B (n = 30) and group D (n = 30) receiving 100 µg of intraarticular buprenorphine and 100 µg of intraarticular dexmedetomidine respectively. Parameters observed were the time to first rescue analgesia , the number of patients requiring rescue analgesia with in next 24 hours, Visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and on mobilization at 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 24th hour. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Quantitative data were analyzed by unpaired student's t test and categorical data by Fisher's exact test. A P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 19.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: Time to first rescue analgesia was significantly longer in patients receiving in group B. VAS scores at rest were comparable between the groups at 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th hour but significantly low with intraarticular buprenorphine than intraarticular dexmedetomidine at 12th and 24th hour. VAS scores on ambulation were comparable at 1st, 2nd and 4th hour but significantly higher in dexmedetomidine group as compared to buprenorphine at 8th, 12th and 24th hour. CONCLUSION: Intraarticular buprenorphine 100 µg provides longer duration of analgesia with decreased postoperative rescue analgesic requirement as compared to 100 µg intraarticular dexmedetomidine.

Ovarian pregnancy: uncommon mode of presentation.

Ovarian pregnancy is very rare, and its incidence is 1 in 3000 live births. In this condition, common risk factors for ectopic pregnancy not usually found. It usually occurs in fertile women and more commonly with in-situ intrauterine device (IUD). Preoperative diagnosis is always not possible although the patient commonly presents with abdomen-pelvic pain, per vaginal bleeding and hypovolemic shock. High degree of suspicion with estimation of serum beta HCG, transvaginal ultrasonography by an experienced sonologist and laparoscopy is required for confirming the diagnosis. Though, the usual treatment is surgery, it can be managed by medical methods only in hemodynamically stable patients. In this case report, we describe the unusual mode of clinical presentation in an elderly woman with ovarian pregnancy.

Knowledge attitude and practice of pesticide use among agricultural workers in Puducherry, South India.

OBJECTIVES: To study the level of knowledge and practice related to pesticides and their adverse effects among agricultural workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study among 100 randomly selected agricultural workers, using or ever used pesticide within last one year was conducted in Puducherry, South India. The questionnaire was adapted from WHO field surveys of 'Exposure to Pesticides Standard Protocol' and similar studies. Data were collected by face to face interview. RESULTS: All the participants were male with mean age of 54.3 yrs. While 70% of respondents perceived pesticide spraying affects a person's health, only 40% were aware that it affects the environment. Two thirds of the respondents (62%) were aware that pesticide enters the body through nose and affects lungs. Awareness on other modes of entry was less. Majority (76%) of them was aware of training programs conducted by government agriculture department on pest management. About 42% of farmers had good knowledge regarding pesticide. Between 40% and 70% of respondents were not using any protective equipments during pesticide spraying. Around 68% of farmers indiscriminately disposed empty containers while 48% buried the leftover pesticides. Significant association (p < 0.05) was observed between knowledge of the farmers and their practices related to pesticides. CONCLUSION: Overall awareness of agricultural workers on pesticide was inadequate. Improper disposal of pesticides and its container can produce harm to the environment. The findings of the study emphasize the need to educate agricultural workers regarding safe and adequate use of pesticides to prevent health and environmental hazards.