In vivo study of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with alendronate as injectable bone substitute composite in osteoporotic animal model.

The injectable bone substitute (IBS) is a self-setting local drug delivery system that adjusts the shape of the bone gap in the fracture. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of IBS composites of bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) and alendronate (Ale) in accelerating bone growth in osteoporotic rats. IBS was made by mixing BHA with gelatin 5%, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 2%, and Ale 10%. The physical properties of IBS were viscosity, injectability, and density tests. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into four groups. After 8 weeks, 2 mm gap was made in the right femur of all rats and filled with IBS. The healing process was observed after 6 weeks with X-ray imaging and H and E staining. The obtained results showed viscosity, injectability, and density value of IBS from 30.4 to 39.4 dPa.s, 98.22%-98.64%, and 0.6325-0.8409 g/cm3, respectively. X-ray imaging and histology results proved the condition of osteoporosis in rats with ovariectomy. The addition of BHA-Gel-HPMC-Ale significantly affected the number of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts (P < 0.05). After 45 days of observation, the addition of BHA-Gel-HPMC-Ale showed the highest mean number of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, which were 25.00 ± 3.00, 64.33 ± 11.15, and 5.67 ± 0.58 compared to BHA-Gel-HPMC and positive control groups. The BHA-Gel-HPMC-Ale IBS has the potential to reverse osteoporosis. Nevertheless, the underlying potential of these biomaterials to reverse osteoporosis needs further research.

Acceleration of Bone Fracture Healing through the Use of Bovine Hydroxyapatite or Calcium Lactate Oral and Implant Bovine Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin on Bone Defect Animal Model.

Bone grafts a commonly used therapeutic technique for the reconstruction and facilitation of bone regeneration due to fractures. BHA-GEL (bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin) pellet implants have been shown to be able accelerate the process of bone repair by looking at the percentage of new bone, and the contact between the composite and bone. Based on these results, a study was conducted by placing BHA-GEL (9:1) pellet implants in rabbit femoral bone defects, accompanied by 500 mg oral supplement of BHA or calcium lactate to determine the effectiveness of addition supplements. The research model used was a burr hole defect model with a diameter of 4.2 mm in the cortical part of the rabbit femur. On the 7th, 14th and 28th days after treatment, a total of 48 New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups, namely defect (control), implant, implant + oral BHA, and implant + oral calcium lactate. Animal tests were terminated and evaluated based on X-ray radiology results, Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, vascular endothelial growth Factor (VEGF), osteocalcin, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and calcium levels. From this research can be concluded that Oral BHA supplementation with BHA-GEL pellet implants showed faster healing of bone defects compared to oral calcium lactate with BHA-GEL pellet implants.