How were we before? An analysis of the potential supply and inequality in the geographic access to critical resources for the COVID-19 treatment. / Como estávamos antes? Uma análise da oferta potencial e desigualdade de acesso geográfico aos recursos críticos para tratamento de COVID-19.

The objective was to analyze the situation of the Metropolitan Area of Brasília (AMB) before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the availability and geographical accessibility of critical resources for the treatment of acute respiratory crises caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Geographic mapping of the population within the territory and geolocation of health facilities and resources, construction of a relationship network between the potential demand simulated to the public health system and the supply of resources available in December 2019. The relationship analysis is based on the theory of complex networks crossing socioeconomic data available in the CENSUS and information from the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES) and analyzing the micro relationship of census tracts with the stock and availability of health resources concerning Adult ICU Bed Type II/III and Respirators/Ventilators. The Federal District (DF) health facilities concentrate more than 75% of the relationships of potential access to critical resources for the treatment of COVID-19. Although the regions surrounding the DF, belonging to Goiás state, have the greatest relative vulnerability in the studied territory, they are also the most lacking in spatial accessibility and availability of resources, evidencing a care imbalance within the AMB region.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a situação da Área Metropolitana de Brasília (AMB) antes do início da pandemia de COVID-19 com foco na disponibilidade e acessibilidade de recursos críticos para o tratamento da crise aguda respiratória causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Mapeamento geográfico da população e geolocalização dos estabelecimentos e recursos de saúde, construção de rede de relacionamentos entre a demanda potencial ao sistema de saúde público e a oferta de recursos existente em dez/2019. Análise baseada na teoria de redes complexas cruzando dados socioeconômicos disponíveis no CENSO, dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES) e o micro relacionamento dos setores censitários e suas populações com o estoque e disponibilidade de recursos do tipo Leito de UTI Adulto Tipo II/III e Respiradores Mecânicos. Estabelecimentos do Distrito Federal (DF) concentram mais de 75% dos relacionamentos de acesso potencial aos recursos críticos para o tratamento de COVID-19. Embora as regiões do entorno do DF, pertencentes ao Goiás, apresentem a maior vulnerabilidade relativa no território estudado, são também as mais carentes de acessibilidade e disponibilidade de recursos, evidenciando um desequilíbrio assistencial dentro da região da AMB.

Como estávamos antes? Uma análise da oferta potencial e desigualdade de acesso geográfico aos recursos críticos para tratamento de COVID-19 / How were we before? An analysis of the potential supply and inequality in the geographic access to critical resources for the COVID-19 treatment

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a situação da Área Metropolitana de Brasília (AMB) antes do início da pandemia de COVID-19 com foco na disponibilidade e acessibilidade de recursos críticos para o tratamento da crise aguda respiratória causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Mapeamento geográfico da população e geolocalização dos estabelecimentos e recursos de saúde, construção de rede de relacionamentos entre a demanda potencial ao sistema de saúde público e a oferta de recursos existente em dez/2019. Análise baseada na teoria de redes complexas cruzando dados socioeconômicos disponíveis no CENSO, dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES) e o micro relacionamento dos setores censitários e suas populações com o estoque e disponibilidade de recursos do tipo Leito de UTI Adulto Tipo II/III e Respiradores Mecânicos. Estabelecimentos do Distrito Federal (DF) concentram mais de 75% dos relacionamentos de acesso potencial aos recursos críticos para o tratamento de COVID-19. Embora as regiões do entorno do DF, pertencentes ao Goiás, apresentem a maior vulnerabilidade relativa no território estudado, são também as mais carentes de acessibilidade e disponibilidade de recursos, evidenciando um desequilíbrio assistencial dentro da região da AMB.

Abstract The objective was to analyze the situation of the Metropolitan Area of Brasília (AMB) before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the availability and geographical accessibility of critical resources for the treatment of acute respiratory crises caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Geographic mapping of the population within the territory and geolocation of health facilities and resources, construction of a relationship network between the potential demand simulated to the public health system and the supply of resources available in December 2019. The relationship analysis is based on the theory of complex networks crossing socioeconomic data available in the CENSUS and information from the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES) and analyzing the micro relationship of census tracts with the stock and availability of health resources concerning Adult ICU Bed Type II/III and Respirators/Ventilators. The Federal District (DF) health facilities concentrate more than 75% of the relationships of potential access to critical resources for the treatment of COVID-19. Although the regions surrounding the DF, belonging to Goiás state, have the greatest relative vulnerability in the studied territory, they are also the most lacking in spatial accessibility and availability of resources, evidencing a care imbalance within the AMB region.

[Theoretical-methodological model based on Complex Network Theory for the analysis of the potential provision of health services]. / Modelo teórico-metodológico baseado na Teoria de Redes Complexas para análise da oferta potencial dos serviços de saúde.

The scope of this article is to present a theoretical-methodological model as the basis for the analysis of the potential provision of Brazilian public health services (SUS) using an approach based on complex network theory. The model sought to analyze the potential provision of health services through the relationship of Euclidean distance between census sectors and services offered by health facilities, as defined in the National Register of Health Establishments (CNES). Two types of metrics are proposed for the analysis of the relationship network: the average distance of health services to the census sectors and the importance of the health unit in the potential provision of each type of service based on the centrality and availability of this service. To demonstrate the application of the model, a network was built based in the Metropolitan Area of Brasilia, including the Federal District and 12 surrounding municipalities. The model was able to map and analyze CNES data with census sectors defined in the CENSUS, opening up the possibility of constructing new perspectives of analysis in the understanding of the potential distribution of health resources and services according to socioeconomic variables, as well as an important evidence-based management tool.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um modelo teórico-metodológico como base para a análise da oferta potencial de serviços de saúde pública brasileira a partir de uma abordagem baseada na teoria de redes complexas. O modelo analisou a oferta potencial de serviços de saúde através da relação da distância euclidiana entre setores censitários e serviços/classificadores oferecidos pelos estabelecimentos de saúde, conforme definidos no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). São propostos dois tipos de métrica para análise dos relacionamentos: a distância média dos serviços de saúde para com os setores censitários e a importância da unidade de saúde na oferta potencial de cada tipo de serviço com base na centralidade e na disponibilidade deste serviço. Para demonstrar a aplicação do modelo foi construída uma rede com base na Área Metropolitana de Brasília, incluindo o Distrito Federal e 12 municípios do entorno. O modelo demostrou-se capaz de mapear e analisar os dados do CNES com os setores censitários definidos no Censo, abrindo a possibilidade de construção de novas óticas de análise na compreensão da distribuição potencial de recursos e serviços em função de variáveis socioeconômicas, bem como, uma importante ferramenta de gestão informada por evidências.

The global scientific research response to the public health emergency of Zika virus infection.

BACKGROUND: Science studies have been a field of research for different knowledge areas, and they have been successfully used to analyse the construction of scientific knowledge, practice and dissemination. In this study, we aimed to verify how the Zika epidemic has moulded the scientific articles published worldwide by analysing international collaborations and the knowledge landscape through time, as well as research topics and country involvement. METHODOLOGY: We searched the Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and PubMed for studies published up to 31st December 2018 on Zika using the search terms "zika", "zkv" or "zikv". We analysed the scientific production regarding which countries have published the most, on which topics, as well as country level collaboration. We performed a scientometric analysis of research on Zika focusing on knowledge mapping and the scientific research path over time and space. FINDINGS: We found two well defined research areas divided into three subtopics accounting for six clusters. With regard to country analysis, the USA and Brazil were the countries with the highest numbers of publications on Zika. China entered as a new player focusing on specific research areas. When we took into consideration the epidemics and reported cases, Brazil and France were the leading research countries on related topics. As for international collaboration, the USA followed by England and France stand out as the main hubs. The research areas most published included public health-related topics from 2015 until the very beginning of 2016, followed by an increase in topics related to the clinical aspects of the disease in 2016 and the emergence of laboratory research in 2017/2018. CONCLUSIONS: Mapping the response to Zika, a public health emergency, demonstrated a clear pattern of the participation of countries in the scientific advances. The pattern of knowledge production found in this study represented varying country perspectives, research capacity and interests based first on their level of exposure to the epidemic and second on their financial positions regarding science.

Network analysis for science and technology management: Evidence from tuberculosis research in Fiocruz, Brazil.

Collaborative networks are of great value for science and technology (S&T) institutions as a way of sharing, generating and disseminating new knowledge that could ultimately lead to innovations. Driven by the need to assess the contribution and effectiveness of these networks in informing S&T management, we explored the evolution and dynamics of tuberculosis scientific networks involving the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), the major public health S&T Institution in Brazil. Social network analysis (SNA) was used to produce a 10-year (2005-2009, 2010-2014) retrospective longitudinal mapping of Brazilian tuberculosis research networks within the country and internationally, highlighting Fiocruz collaborations. Co-authorship analysis showed a significant expansion of collaboration in Brazil and the role of Fiocruz and other leading national institutions in maintaining connectivity, facilitating knowledge exchange and reducing network vulnerability. It also identified influential researchers that can act as information leaders and support strategic decisions. When we focused on networks inside the institution, the analysis showed a clear discontinuation between the clinical and the public health research areas, which needs specific internal policies to improve collaborations since outcomes in TB are expected to provide better diagnostic tools and more effective treatments. The approach provides evidence to support S&T management by pinpointing: key central institutions maintaining network connectivity; most influential researchers that can act as advisors/experts for investment and induction policies; key Fiocruz researchers that could improve information exchange, systems integration and innovation within the institution; opportunities for synergy between internal research groups working in complementary areas. In summary, we observed that SNA parameters proved to be a valuable tool that, along with other indicators, can strengthen knowledge platforms to support S&T management efforts.

Co-authorship network analysis in health research: method and potential use.

Scientific collaboration networks are a hallmark of contemporary academic research. Researchers are no longer independent players, but members of teams that bring together complementary skills and multidisciplinary approaches around common goals. Social network analysis and co-authorship networks are increasingly used as powerful tools to assess collaboration trends and to identify leading scientists and organizations. The analysis reveals the social structure of the networks by identifying actors and their connections. This article reviews the method and potential applications of co-authorship network analysis in health. The basic steps for conducting co-authorship studies in health research are described and common network metrics are presented. The application of the method is exemplified by an overview of the global research network for Chikungunya virus vaccines.

Investigação da produção cientifica na saúde coletiva: publicações em periódicos da saúde indexados na base Scielo Brasil / Research scientific production in public health: publications in the health journals indexed on data base Scielo Brazil

Objetivo: a pesquisa sobre a produção científica em periódicos nacionais sobre Saúde Coletiva busca desenvolver, aplicar e aprimorar métodos relacionados à cientometria, que permitam análise da produção científica de modo aderente às especificidades do Brasil. Método: Esses métodos, e suas ferramentas de apoio, serão baseados na análise de redes sociais, análise de redes complexas e na análise semântica de conteúdos se valendo de conhecimentos e pesquisas já desenvolvidas em outros países e centros de estudos na área de produção científica. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados demonstram características interessantes sobre as instituições de ensino e pesquisa, os autores desses trabalhos e principalmente as áreas com maior concentração de citações e análise léxica. O estudo abre o caminho para um aprofundamento da área com a utilização de ferramentas e métodos quantitativos que podem facilitar a avaliação de um grande volume de publicações. Conclusão: O uso da análise de redes possibilita a visualização da informação científica de maneira que novos resultados podem ser encontrados sob um volume grande de publicações.

Objective: the research of scientific production in national journals on Public Health seeks to develop, implement and improve scientometrics related methods that allow analysis of the scientific production in accordance to the specificities of Brazil. Method: These methods, and their supporting tools will be based on social network analysis, analysis of complex networks and the content of semantic analysis making use of knowledge and research already developed in other countries and study centers in scientific production area. Results: The results showed interesting features on teaching and re search institutions, the authors of this work and mainly the areas with the highest concentration of citations and lexical analysis. The study paves the way for a deepening of the area with the use of tools and quantitative methods that can facilitate the evaluation of a large volume of publications. Conclusion: The use of network analysis allows visualization of scientific information so that new results can be found in a large volume of publications.