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1.
Vet Anaesth Analg ; 51(1): 97-106, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38000928

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To develop an ultrasound-guided caudal quadratus lumborum block (C-QLB) technique in canine cadavers and to compare sensory and motor blockade resulting from the combination of ultrasound-guided greater ischiatic notch (GIN) plane and C-QLB approaches (GIN-CQLB group) versus a lumbosacral plexus (LSP group) approach [combination of lateral pre-iliac (LPI) and parasacral (PS) techniques] in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive anatomical study and prospective randomized, blinded, experimental crossover trial. ANIMALS: A total of six canine cadavers and six adult Beagle dogs. METHODS: Phase I: following ultrasound-guided C-QLB injections of 0.3 mL kg-1 of dye, using the interfascial plane located lateral to the quadratus lumborum muscle at the level of the sixth lumbar vertebra (L6) as injection point, the spread of injectate and nerve staining was evaluated using gross anatomical dissection. PHASE II: sensory and motor blockade achieved with the GIN-CQLB or LSP blocks in Beagle dogs were evaluated and compared. The assigned technique was performed with 2% lidocaine: 0.2 mL kg-1 for the GIN and PS approaches and 0.3 mL kg-1 for the C-QLB and LPI approaches. RESULTS: Dissection revealed distribution of dye around the lumbar hypaxial musculature, extending into the paravertebral spaces, with staining of 3 (2-4) [median (interquartile range)] spinal nerves, spanning L3 to L6. The median motor blockade in the GIN-CQLB and LSP groups was 7 (7-8) versus 16 (10-16) (p = 0.026), whereas the median sensory blockade was 5 (4-5) versus 3 (3-3) (p = 0.025), respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The GIN-CQLB approach desensitized the thigh dermatomes effectively. Compared with the LSP approaches, GIN-CQLB exhibits a motor-protective effect by preserving tonic muscle function.


Assuntos
Analgesia , Doenças do Cão , Animais , Cães , Analgesia/veterinária , Cadáver , Dor Pós-Operatória/veterinária , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/veterinária , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Estudos Cross-Over
2.
Nefrologia (Engl Ed) ; 43(5): 546-561, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37996337

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Early biomarkers search for Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), as genetic markers to identify vulnerable carriers of the disease even before Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) decline or microalbuminuria development, has been relevant during the last few years. The rs5186 (A116C) polymorphism of the Angiotensin II Receptor Type I gene (AGTR1), has been associated to multiple effects of renal injury risk, commonly detected in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It has been described that rs5186 could have an effect in stability proteins that assemble Angiotensin II Receptor Type I (AT1), modifying its action, which is why it should be considered as a risk factor for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), characterized by a GFR progressive reduction. Even though, the association between rs5186 AGTR1 gene polymorphism and DKD in patients with T2DM has been controversial, inconclusive, and even absent. This disputable issue might be as a result of association studies in which many and varied clinical phenotypes included are contemplated as CKD inductors and enhancers. Although, the sample sizes studied in patients with T2DM are undersized and did not have a strict inclusion criteria, lacking of biochemical markers or KDOQI classification, which have hindered its examination. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to establish an association between rs5186 AGTR1 gene polymorphism and GFR depletion, assessed as a risk factor to DKD development in patients with T2DM. METHODS: We analyzed 297 not related patients with T2DM, divided into 221 controls (KDOQI 1) and 76 cases (KDOQI 2). Arterial pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. rs5186 of AGTR1 genotyping was performed by TaqMan assay real-time PCR method. Allele and genotype frequencies, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were measured. Normality test for data distribution was analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test, variable comparison by Student's t-test for continuous variables, and Chi-squared test for categorical variables; ANOVA test was used for mean comparison of more than two groups. Effect of rs5186 to DKD was estimated by multiple heritability adjustment models for risk variables of DKD. Statistical significance was indicated by p<0.05. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package STATA v11 software. RESULTS: Dominant and Over-dominant models showed a likelihood ratio to GFR depletion of 1.89 (1.05-3.39, p=0.031) and 2.01 (1.08-3.73, p=0.023) in patients with T2DM. Risk factor increased to 2.54 (1.10-5.89) in women in Over-dominant model. CONCLUSION: In clinical practice, most of nephropathies progress at a slow pace into a total breakdown of renal function, even asymptomatic. This is the first study, reporting that rs5186 polymorphism of AGTR1 gene contribution to GFR depletion, and this could be evaluated as a predisposing factor for DKD in patients with T2DM.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , México , Polimorfismo Genético , Fatores de Risco , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Biomarcadores , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina/genética
3.
Nefrología (Madrid) ; 43(5)sep.-oct. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-224867

RESUMO

Antecedentes: La búsqueda de biomarcadores tempranos de enfermedad renal diabética (ERD) en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2), como los marcadores genéticos para identificar pacientes vulnerables de la enfermedad, incluso antes de la presencia de una disminución de la estimación de tasa de filtrado glomerular (TFGe) o presencia de microalbuminuria ha cobrado importancia en los últimos años. El polimorfismo rs5186 (A1166C) presente en el gen receptor tipo 1 de la angiotensina II (AGTR1) ha sido asociado a distintos efectos del riesgo de daño renal que suelen estar presentes en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM). Se ha descrito que el rs5186 podría influir en la estabilidad de las proteínas que conforman al receptor de la angiotensina II tipo 1 (AT1) alterando su actividad, por lo que podría ser considerado como un factor de riesgo a enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) caracterizada por una disminución progresiva de la TFG. Sin embargo, la asociación del polimorfismo rs5186 del gen AGTR1 con ERD en pacientes con DMT2 ha sido controversial, no concluyente, incluso nula. Las controversias podrían ser por los estudios de asociación y estimación del riesgo del rs5186 previamente reportados incluyen distintos fenotipos clínicos considerados como inductores y potenciadores de ERC, además, los tamaños de las muestras analizadas en pacientes con DMT2 eran pequeñas y no tenían un control estricto en su inclusión, careciendo incluso de marcadores bioquímicos o estadificación KDOQI que han dificultado su análisis. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación del rs5186 del gen AGTR1 con la disminución de TFGe considerada como riesgo al desarrollo de ERD en pacientes con DMT2.(AU)


Background: Early biomarkers search for Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), as genetic markers to identify vulnerable carriers of the disease even before Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) decline or microalbuminuria development, has been relevant during the last few years. The rs5186 (A116C) polymorphism of the Angiotensin II Receptor Type I gene (AGTR1), has been associated to multiple effects of renal injury risk, commonly detected in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It has been described that rs5186 could have an effect in stability proteins that assemble Angiotensin II Receptor Type I (AT1), modifying its action, which is why it should be considered as a risk factor for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), characterized by a GFR progressive reduction. Even though, the association between rs5186 AGTR1 gene polymorphism and DKD in patients with T2DM has been controversial, inconclusive, and even absent. This disputable issue might be as a result of association studies in which many and varied clinical phenotypes included are contemplated as CKD inductors and enhancers. Although, the sample sizes studied in patients with T2DM are undersized and did not have a strict inclusion criteria, lacking of biochemical markers or KDOQI classification, which have hindered its examination.Objective: The aim of our study was to establish an association between rs5186 AGTR1 gene polymorphism and GFR depletion, assessed as a risk factor to DKD development in patients with T2DM. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefropatias , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina , México , Nefropatias Diabéticas
4.
Odontol. vital ; jun. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1431017

RESUMO

Introducción: Es un error común pensar que los dientes anteroinferiores, por lo general, tienen un solo conducto radicular con una sola raíz. Sin embargo, un estudio realizado por Vertucci et. al., (1974), mostraron una alta prevalencia (13%) de dos conductos radiculares en los dientes anteroinferiores, lo que estimuló más investigaciones. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del segundo conducto radicular en los dientes anteroinferiores en una población nicaragüense, estos fueron detectados por medio de tomografía computadorizada (Cone Beam). Materiales y Métodos: En el estudio se analizaron 293 piezas dentales, de canino a canino de la arcada inferior. Para realizar el análisis se utilizó el software libre Radiant DICOM Viewer 2021.2.2, se realizaron cortes sagitales, axiales y coronales para ver la prevalencia del segundo conducto radicular. Resultados: De las 293 piezas dentarias analizadas se encontró que 259 presentaban un solo conducto que correspondía al 88.4% y 34 dientes presentaban dos conductos que correspondían al 11.6%. De acuerdo con el análisis tomográfico, se encontró que en los cortes axiales y sagitales fue donde se observó la presencia del segundo conducto. Con respecto a la presencia del segundo conducto de acuerdo al tercio del canal radicular se identificó que la mayoría se presentó en el tercio medio (52.94%), seguido por coronal (29.41%) y por último el tercio apical (17.65%). De acuerdo con la clasificación de Vertucci se encontró que se presenta un mayor porcentaje del tipo I con 88.40%, seguido por el tipo III con 4.44%, después el tipo V con 3.41%, y el tipo II con 2.39%. El de menor porcentaje fue el tipo VI con 1.37%, mientras que, en las piezas analizadas, no se encontraron los tipos IV, VII y VIII. Conclusión: Basados en los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, la prevalencia de un segundo conducto en dientes anteroinferiores fue de 11.6%.


Title The prevalence of a second root canal in mandibular anterior teeth using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Abstract Introduction: It is a common misconception that the mandibular anterior teeth usually have a single root canal with a single root. However, a study by Vertucci et. al., (1974), showed a high prevalence (13%) of two root canals in the lower anterior teeth, which stimulated further investigations. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the second root canal in the mandibular anterior teeth in a Nicaraguan population, these were detected by means of computed tomography (Cone Beam). Materials and methods: In the study, 293 teeth were analyzed, from canine to canine of the mandibular teeth. To perform the analysis, the free software Radiant DICOM Viewer 2021.2.2 was used, sagittal, axial and coronal views were made to see the prevalence of the second root canal. Results: Of the 293 teeth analyzed, it was found that 259 had a single root canal corresponding to 88.4%, and 34 teeth had two root canals corresponding to 11.6%. According to the tomographic analysis, it was found that the presence of the second root canal was observed only in the axial and sagittal views. Regarding the presence of the second canal according to the third of the root canal, it was identified that the majority presented in the middle third (52.94%), followed by coronal (29.41%) and finally the apical third (17.65%). According to the Vertucci classification, it was found that there is a higher percentage of type I with 88.40%, followed by type III with 4.44%, then type V with 3.41%, and type II with 2.39%. The one with the lowest percentage was type VI with 1.37%, while in the pieces analyzed, types IV, VII and VIII were not found. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this study, the prevalence of a second root canal in lower anterior teeth was 11.6%.


Assuntos
Animais , Dente Canino/anatomia & histologia , Cavidade Pulpar/anatomia & histologia , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Nicarágua
5.
Rev. bras. ciênc. esporte ; 45: e20230008, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529740

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The Paralympic system adapted the press modality, allowing the participation of people with physical disabilities called para-powerlifting (PPL). The purpose was to establish the rates of valid and invalid movements; identify if factors such as the weight category, gender, or athletes 'country have an influence on the results; A retrospective study was elaborated in which the results of the null and valid movements made in 12 international events of the 2013-2016 Paralympic cycle were recovered from the official page of the international paralympic committee The results indicate that in these twelve events a total of 6,759 movements were performed, of which 3,264 moves were valid and 2,991 were rated as null, with no significant differences in null movements between men and women. These results indicate the need to review the judging system or the use of visual technologies to reduce the rate of null movements.


RESUMO O sistema paraolímpico adaptou ama modalidade de supino, permitindo a participação de pessoas com deficiências físicas, denominada parapowerlifting (PPL). O objetivo foi estabelecer as taxas de movimentos válidos e inválidos; identificar se fatores como a categoria de peso, o gênero ou o país dos atletas influenciam os resultados; Foi elaborado um estudo retrospectivo no qual os resultados dos movimentos nulos e válidos realizados em 12 eventos internacionais do ciclo paraolímpico 2013-2016 foram recuperados da página oficial do Comitê Paraolímpico Internacional. Os resultados indicam que nesses doze eventos foi realizado um total de 6.759 movimentos, dos quais 3.264 movimentos foram válidos e 2.991 foram classificados como nulos, sem diferenças significativas nos movimentos nulos entre homens e mulheres. Esses resultados indicam a necessidade de revisar o sistema de julgamento ou o uso de tecnologias visuais para reduzir a taxa de movimentos nulos.


RESUMEN El sistema paralímpico, adaptó la modalidad de press plano, para permitir la participación de personas con discapacidad física, denominándola como para-powerlifting (PPL). El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los índices de movimientos válidos y no válidos; identificar si factores como la categoría de peso, el sexo o el país de los atletas influyen en los resultados; se elaboró un estudio retrospectivo en el que se recuperaron de la página oficial del Comité Paralímpico Internacional los resultados de los movimientos nulos y válidos realizados en 12 eventos internacionales del ciclo paralímpico 2013-2016. Los resultados indican que en estos doce eventos se realizaron un total de 6.759 movimientos, de los cuales 3.264 movimientos fueron válidos y 2.991 fueron calificados como nulos, sin diferencias significativas en los movimientos nulos entre hombres y mujeres. Estos resultados demuestran que es necesario revisar el sistema de juzgamiento o implementar el uso de video para reducir la tasa de movimientos nulos.

6.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 57(2): 79-84, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35339302

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Describe the usability, actionability and understanding of videos to promote exercise at home online during the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing the characteristics of the population, their satisfaction, adherence and barriers to physical exercise. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional observational design study, with a quantitative approach. Home-based videos of physical exercise and education about pain were created for people over 60 years old and distributed in the Metropolitan Region (Chile) during the months of October to December 2020. Participants had to use these videos independently at home during 4 weeks. A sample who received these videos were then voluntarily surveyed. RESULTS: Thirty-four participants rated the videos as understandable and actionable. Usability was lower in people who perceived a lower level of technological management. Average adherence was 2 days a week for 2.5 weeks. The main perceived barrier was the lack of will, which showed a greater tendency in people who performed physical exercise in a group way before the restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The videos were well evaluated by the elderly population, however the technological gap can be a limitation to favor an easy and simple use. Among the strategies, interventions that favor social interaction should be considered to promote interpersonal motivation, especially in people who prefer group modalities of exercise.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Exercício Físico , Promoção da Saúde , Gravação em Vídeo , Idoso , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Pandemias
7.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 57(2): 79-84, mar. - abr. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-205495

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir la usabilidad, la accionabilidad y la comprensión de videos para promover el ejercicio en el hogar de manera online durante la pandemia COVID-19, analizando las características de la población, su satisfacción, adherencia y barreras para realizar ejercicio físico.Material y métodos: Estudio de diseño observacional descriptivo, no experimental y transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. Se crearon videos de ejercicio físico y educación sobre dolor para personas mayores de 60 años, y fueron distribuidos en la Región Metropolitana (Chile) durante los meses de octubre a diciembre del 2020. La intervención consistió en el uso independiente en el hogar de estos videos, y tuvo una duración de 4 semanas. Luego, una muestra que recibió estos videos contestó una encuesta voluntariamente.Resultados: Treinta y cuatro participantes evaluaron los videos como comprensibles y accionables. La usabilidad fue menor en las personas que percibían un nivel de manejo tecnológico menor. La adherencia promedio fue de 2 días a la semana durante 2,5 semanas. La principal barrera percibida fue la falta de voluntad, la cual mostró una mayor tendencia en las personas que realizaban ejercicio físico de manera grupal antes de las restricciones por la pandemia COVID-19.Conclusiones: Los videos desarrollados fueron una herramienta bien evaluada por parte de la población mayor, sin embargo, la brecha tecnológica puede ser una limitante para favorecer un uso fácil y sencillo. Dentro de las estrategias se deberían considerar intervenciones que favorezcan la interacción social para promover la motivación interpersonal, en especial en las personas que prefieren modalidades grupales de ejercicio. (AU)


Objective: Describe the usability, actionability and understanding of videos to promote exercise at home online during the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing the characteristics of the population, their satisfaction, adherence and barriers to physical exercise.Material and methods: A descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional observational design study, with a quantitative approach. Home-based videos of physical exercise and education about pain were created for people over 60 years old and distributed in the Metropolitan Region (Chile) during the months of October to December 2020. Participants had to use these videos independently at home during 4 weeks. A sample who received these videos were then voluntarily surveyed.Results: Thirty-four participants rated the videos as understandable and actionable. Usability was lower in people who perceived a lower level of technological management. Average adherence was 2 days a week for 2.5 weeks. The main perceived barrier was the lack of will, which showed a greater tendency in people who performed physical exercise in a group way before the restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusions: The videos were well evaluated by the elderly population, however the technological gap can be a limitation to favor an easy and simple use. Among the strategies, interventions that favor social interaction should be considered to promote interpersonal motivation, especially in people who prefer group modalities of exercise. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Exercício Físico , Recursos Audiovisuais , Infecções por Coronavirus , Epidemiologia , Pandemias , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Chile
8.
Heliyon ; 7(12): e08573, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34977404

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of dance-based intervention protocols as a rehabilitation proposal. METHOD: Papers containing protocols used in adult patients and written in Spanish, English, and Portuguese were collected using the following keywords: Physical Therapy; Dance Therapy; Rehabilitation; and Clinical Trial Protocol. The PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS, BVS ScienceDirect, PEDro, OTseeker, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Scopus databases were used for the collection of information to define the type of dance, the established protocol, pathologies, and the population involved. RESULTS: 70 studies met the eligibility criteria, all of which presented a dance protocol. This was used in the rehabilitation of pathologies covering the neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems, as well as in a healthy population. Positive results were the main outcome measure. DISCUSSION: Dance is an innovative intervention strategy for patients with comorbidities or underlying pathologies as well as for those in good health. It offers, without limitations, a field of applicability through the use of a dancing style as a rehabilitation process, generating significant changes in the physical, mental, and social skills of the individual.

9.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogota) ; 19(Especial de pandemias): 1-21, 2021. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1367480

RESUMO

Introducción: como ocurrió en 1918, cuando la epidemia de gripa llegó a la capital colombiana, la actual pandemia de la covid-19 demostró que si bien la enfermedad ataca indiscriminadamente a la población, las clases populares se ven particularmente expuestas teniendo en cuenta sus condiciones de vida. Desarrollo: en el artículo se analizan los discursos que, con motivo de la epidemia de gripa de 1918, se construyeron alrededor de las clases populares capitalinas. La aproximación a las fuentes primarias, en especial a la prensa gráfica de la época, permite dar cuenta de la precariedad con la que los pobres, ubicados en un sector periférico y deprimido de la ciudad, debieron enfrentar una enfermedad letal que causó gran desconcierto y que avanzó rápidamente a lo largo y ancho de una ciudad que carecía de un servicio médico público. Por su parte, las élites bogotanas que, bajo el discurso de la caridad cristiana pretendieron atenuar la crisis, responsabilizaron a los pobres de su suerte por su falta de higiene, su imprevisión y su desorden. Conclusiones: hoy, un siglo después de la epidemia de gripa en Bogotá y en medio de la pandemia de la covid-19, se ha evidenciado, ante una serie de medidas ordenadas por el Gobierno nacional y por el Gobierno local, que incluyen cuarentenas obligatorias, la permanencia de visiones y discursos en los que los enfermos pobres, lejos de ser comprendidos en su realidad social, siguen viéndose como un peligro para el resto de la sociedad


Introduction: The current covid-19 pandemic demonstrated that although the disease indiscriminately attacks the population, the popular classes are particularly more exposed due to their conditions of life, which is similar to the Spanish flu epidemic that reached the Colombian capital in 1918. Development: In this study, we analyzed discourses that were built around the capital's popular classes during the Spanish flu epidemic in 1918. The approach to primary sources, especially the graphic press of the time, accounts for the precari-ousness with which the poor, located in a peripheral depressed sector of the city, had to face a lethal disease that caused great confusion as it advanced rapidly through a city that lacked public health services. Whereas, the Bogotá elites, who tried to mitigate the crisis under the discourse of Christian charity, blamed the poor for their fate, which resulted in their lack of hygiene and foresight and their disorder. Conclusions: Today, a century after the flu epidemic in Bogotá and in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic, it has been evidenced in the face of a series of measures ordered by the national and local governments that include mandatory quarantines, the permanence of visions and discourses in which poor patients, far from being understood in their social reality, continue to be seen as a danger to the rest of society


Introdução: tal qual ocorreu em 1918, quando a epidemia de gripe chegou à capital colombiana, a atual pandemia de covid-19 mostrou que, embora a doença ataque a população indiscriminadamente, as classes populares estão particularmente expostas levando em consideração suas condições de vida. Desenvolvimento: este artigo analisa os discursos que, em função da epidemia de gripe de 1918, se construíram em torno das classes populares da capital. A abordagem das fontes primárias, especialmente da imprensa gráfica da época, permite notar a precariedade com que os pobres, localizados em um setor periférico e deprimido da cidade, tiveram que enfrentar uma doença letal que causou grande confusão e avançou rapidamente em toda a extensão de uma cidade que carecia de um serviço médico público. Por sua vez, as elites de Bogotá que, sob o discurso da caridade cristã, tentaram mitigar a crise, culpam os pobres por seu próprio destino, por sua falta de higiene, falta de visão e desordem. Conclusões: hoje, um século após a epidemia de gripe em Bogotá e em meio à pandemia de covid-19, está comprovado, diante de uma série de medidas ordenadas pelo governo nacional e pelo governo local que incluem quarentenas obrigatórias, a permanência de visões e discursos nos quais os doentes pobres, longe de serem compreen-didos em sua realidade social, continuam sendo vistos como um perigo para o resto da sociedade.


Assuntos
Humanos , Epidemias , População , Pobreza , Colômbia , Influenza Humana , Pandemias , Serviços Públicos de Saúde , História
10.
Poiésis (En línea) ; 32: 7-21, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-999160

RESUMO

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo la realización de un perfil psicológico de un personaje de la tetralogía Millenium, más específicamente de Lisbeth Salander, su protagonista. Este perfil se basa en la revisión del material cinematográfico de la tetralogía y en la perspectiva psicodinámica. Dentro de los principales resultados encontrados, está el hecho que Lisbeth Salander tiene una estructura de personalidad esquizoide y no psicopática, como plantean otros; además de algunas debilidades de las funciones yoicas que posee el personaje.


This study aims to develop a psychological profile of one of the characters in the Millenium tetralogy, more specifically Lisbeth Salander. This profile is based on the review of the films of the tetralogy and some aspects from the psychodynamic perspective. Among the main findings is the fact that Salander has a schizoid personality structure and not a psychopathic one, as others claim, as well as the weaknesses of the ego functions that this character owns.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizoide , Personalidade , Comportamento , Ego , Filmes Cinematográficos
11.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 26(1): 106-125, jul.-dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-717078

RESUMO

Introducción: el objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer la prevalencia de defectos del esmalte dental (DE) en niños y adolescentes de Pasto, Colombia. Métodos: quinientos noventa y nueve niños y adolescentes entre 6 y 15 años de edad, de tres corregimientos de Pasto, Colombia, fueron examinados clínicamente para determinar la presencia de opacidad por flúor e hipoplasia del esmalte. Literatura científica y fotografías en color de la cavidad oral fueron estudiadas previamente por dos examinadores, con el propósito de diagnosticar DE en estos corregimientos. La severidad de la opacidad por flúor fue valorada de acuerdo al índice de Dean y la hipoplasia del esmalte al índice de Silberman. Resultados: la prevalencia de DE en niños y adolescentes fue de 49,9% (IC al 95%: 45,8%-53,9%). La mayoría de ellos, 85,3%, presentaron opacidades por flúor (OPF) y 14,7% hipoplasias del esmalte. El tipo de severidad predominante de OPF fue moderada (73,7%). Las OPF fueron más prevalentes en mujeres (86,3%) que en hombres (84,2%) (p > 0,05); mientras que la hipoplasia del esmalte fue más frecuente en hombres (15,8%) que en mujeres (13,7%) (p>0,05). Las hipoplasias del esmalte fueron observadas blancas-cremosas y cafés, y fueron encontradas más frecuentemente en dientes permanentes incisivos centrales superiores. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de DE fue elevada en estos corregimientos. Las opacidades por flúor fueron las más frecuentes y se mostraron moderadas de acuerdo con el índice de Dean. Nuevos diseños de investigación son requeridos para establecer la exposición a diferentes niveles de flúor en estas comunidades. Estos resultados ciertamente representan un problema de salud pública.


Introduction: the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dental enamel defects (ED) in children and adolescents from Pasto, Colombia. Methods: five hundred and ninety-nine children and adolescents aged 6 to 15 years from three municipalities of Pasto, Colombia were clinically examined for fluoride opacity and enamel hypoplasia. Scientific literature and color photographs of the oral cavity were previously studied by two examiners in order to diagnose ED in these municipalities. Severity of fluoride opacity was assessed with Dean’s index and enamel hypoplasia with Silberman’s index. Results: ED prevalence in children and adolescents was 49.9% (95% CI: 45.8% - 53.9%). Most of them, 85.3%, had fluoride opacities (FOP) and 14.7% enamel hypoplasia. The predominant type of FOP severity was the moderate level (73.7%). FOP were more prevalent in females (86.3%) than in males (84.2%) (p > 0.05), while enamel hypoplasia was more frequent in males (15.8%) than in females (13.7%) (p > 0.05). Enamel hypoplasia appeared as creamy-white and brown lesions and were most frequently found in permanent upper central incisors. Conclusions. ED prevalence was high in these municipalities. Fluoride opacities were the most frequent and were classified as moderate according to Dean’s index. New studies are required to establish levels of fluoride exposure in these communities. Certainly, these findings represent a public health problem.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adolescente , Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário , Fluorose Dentária
12.
Arch. med. interna (Montevideo) ; 34(1): 3-11, mar. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-665265

RESUMO

Mediante revisión de PubMed y opinión de expertos los autores concluyeron que proteinuria y albuminuria son marcadores de diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), son indicadores de progresión y por lo tanto un objetivo terapéutico y además son marcadores de riesgo de muerte y enfermedad CV tanto en población general como en pacientes con ERC. Estos resultados se confirmaron utilizando la tira reactiva, el cociente albuminuria/creatininuria (A/C) o el cociente proteinuria/creatininuria (P/C) en muestra de orina con referencia a la proteinuria en orina de 24 hs (gold standard). El índice A/C parece ser el método ideal porque será el más fácil de estandarizar, pero su costo es mayor y el índice P/C es buen predictor a un costo menor. Las tiras reactivas tienen 29% de falsos positivos pero si somos estrictos en la recolección de la muestra de orina y la lectura es automatizada se reduce la posibilidad de error y la variabilidad de resultados. Se establecen por consenso las etapas preanalíticas, analíticas y post-analíticas de la medición de proteinuria y albuminuria en laboratorio para precisar mejor el diagnóstico y evolución de ERC.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Nefropatias/diagnóstico , Proteinúria , Doença Crônica
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