RESUMO
El sistema de formación sanitaria especializada en España dio comienzo oficialmente en el año 1978 con la publicación del RD 2015/1978, aunque, ya antes, hospitales pioneros habían desarrollado programas de formación para médicos internos y residentes. Desde entonces, y desde la entrada en vigor de la Ley 44/2003, de 21 de noviembre, de Ordenación de las Profesiones Sanitarias (LOPS) y sus normas de desarrollo, se han producido muchos avances; si bien, por incidir directamente en desarrollo del proceso de formación sanitaria especializada, pocos han sido tan trascendentes como los derivados de la aplicación de los preceptos recogidos en el RD 639/2014, de 28 de julio, por el que se regula, entre otros aspectos de la formación sanitaria especializada, la troncalidad. Además de la definición de una nueva organización de las especialidades, que agrupa la mayoría de ellas (39 de las 56 existentes) en torno a 5 troncos, uno de los aspectos más novedosos es la incorporación de instrumentos de evaluación, que permitirán medir la adquisición de las competencias incluidas en cada programa formativo. Esto va a requerir un esfuerzo adicional por parte de todos, principalmente tutores y comisiones de docencia, pero sin duda contribuirá a sistematizar y normalizar la supervisión de la formación de todos los residentes, a la par que nos permitirá tener un elemento más para evaluar la calidad de la formación. Además de los tutores y las comisiones de docencia, las comisiones nacionales de especialidad y el Consejo Nacional de Especialidades en Ciencias de Salud, también están llamados a tener un papel muy importante, puesto que en ellos recae el desarrollo, implantación y seguimiento de la troncalidad, velando, entre otras cosas, por la calidad de la formación, al ser responsables de la elaboración de los programas formativos, y por el cumplimiento de los objetivos generales del proceso. Sin duda, la puesta en marcha de este RD 639/2014 nos plantea grandes retos, pero también nos brinda una oportunidad para reflexionar conjuntamente sobre las fortalezas y debilidades de la actual formación sanitaria especializada, para así contribuir a mejorarla, implementando un nuevo modelo que contribuya a fortalecer nuestro sistema sanitario
The Specialized Healthcare Training system through residency (SHT) was first regulated in Spain in 1978 when the Royal Decree (RD) 2015/1978 was published, although prior to that, pioneering hospitals had developed training programs for medical interns and residents. Since then there have been many advances including the far-reaching publication in 2014 of RD 639/2014 which regulates, among other things, the core curricula specialties (named "troncalidades") - the re-specialization of the areas of special training. The implementation of the "troncalidad" project faces several challenges, which are anticipated to stem from the modification of current training structures, the definition of competencies, the accreditation process, evaluation and feedback. The article discusses the vision of the Standing Commission, its current status and the challenges of the implementation of a new model that will strengthen our health care system
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação Médica Continuada/tendências , Especialização/tendências , Conselhos de Especialidade Profissional/organização & administração , Internato e Residência/tendências , Hospitais de Ensino/tendências , Currículo/tendências , Avaliação Educacional , Acreditação/normasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study assesses the lifetime and active prevalence of epilepsy in Spain in people older than 18 years. METHODS: EPIBERIA is a population-based epidemiological study of epilepsy prevalence using data from three representative Spanish regions (health districts in Zaragoza, Almería, and Seville) between 2012 and 2013. The study consisted of two phases: screening and confirmation. Participants completed a previously validated questionnaire (EPIBERIA questionnaire) over the telephone. RESULTS: A total of 1741 valid questionnaires were obtained, including 261 (14.99%) raising a suspicion of epilepsy. Of these suspected cases, 216 (82.75%) agreed to participate in phase 2. Of the phase 2 participants, 22 met the International League Against Epilepsy's diagnostic criteria for epilepsy. The estimated lifetime prevalence, adjusted by age and sex per 1,000 people, was 14.87 (95% CI: 9.8-21.9). Active prevalence was 5.79 (95% CI: 2.8-10.6). No significant age, sex, or regional differences in prevalence were detected. CONCLUSIONS: EPIBERIA provides the most accurate estimate of epilepsy prevalence in the Mediterranean region based on its original methodology and its adherence to ILAE recommendations. We highlight that the lifetime prevalence and inactive epilepsy prevalence figures observed here were compared to other epidemiological studies.
Assuntos
Epilepsia/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Evidence-based medicine establishes guidelines for clinical decision-making in which priority is given to processes that have the highest level of evidence. Although these guidelines provide valuable general guidance, the information is partial, because oftentimes obtaining evidence on antiepileptic drugs is promoted by commercial expectations and not by clinical priorities. Furthermore, the guidelines tend to classify different types of epilepsy into large groups, often without contemplating the different syndromes. Expert opinions are subject to criticism on the basis of methodology and their authoritarian aspect, although they can supplement medical literature and advice on specific clinical situations quickly and efficiently. OBJECTIVES: This review seeks to incorporate scientific evidence and expert opinion into drug treatment for epilepsy. METHODS: To analyze this issue, a review of the literature was conducted by means of PubMed searches. CONCLUSION: We have found that in all types of epilepsy [except in focal epilepsy in children where a new drug (oxcarbamazepine) is considered to be the first choice for initial treatment], classic drugs (valproic acid in idiopathic generalized epilepsy and carbamazepine in focal epilepsy) are recommended as long as there are no contraindications due to adverse effects or concomitant use of other drugs that interact with the antiepileptics. However, despite the general recommendations, it can be deduced from the studies and reflections on the subject that the decision as to whether to start treatment or not, as well as the drug of choice, must be made on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the patient's personal and social circumstances.
