Homogenous Good Outcome in a Heterogeneous Group of Tumors: An Institutional Series of Outcomes of Superficial Soft Tissue Sarcomas.

Introduction. Superficial soft tissue sarcomas (S-STS) are generally amenable to wide excision. We hypothesized that local recurrence (LR) should be low, even without radiation therapy (RT), and sought to examine the contribution of depth to LR and OS. Methods. Patients with S-STS were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, tumor features, treatment received, and outcomes were analyzed. Results. 103 patients were identified. Median age was 55 years; 53% of patients were female. Tumor site was 39% in trunk, 38% in the lower extremity, 14% in the upper extremity, and 9% in other locations. The most common histology was 36% leiomyosarcoma. Median tumor size was 2.8 cm (range 0.2-14 cm). Sixty-six percent of tumors were of intermediate/high grade. RT was administered preoperatively in 6% of patients and postoperatively in 15% of patients. An R0 resection was accomplished in 92%. At a median follow-up of 34.2 months (range 2.3-176), 9 patients had a LR (8.7%). Tumor size and grade were not associated with LR. OS was not associated with any tumor or patient variables on univariate analysis. Conclusions. LR was low for S-STS, even with large or high grade tumors and selective use of RT. Surgical resection alone may be adequate therapy for most patients. Superficial location seems to supersede other factors imparting a good prognosis for this group of tumors.

Pre-operative unintentional weight loss as a risk factor for surgical outcomes after elective surgery in patients with disseminated cancer.

BACKGROUND: With improvement in survival, elective surgical procedures are being increasingly performed on patients with metastatic disease. We aimed to study the association of pre-operative unintentional weight loss (UWL) with operative outcomes in this patient population. METHODS: We extracted data on all patients with disseminated cancer undergoing elective surgeries between 2005 and 2011 from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), along with the Current Procedure Terminology (CPT) codes. Based on the presence of unintentional weight loss of >10% body weight in the 6-month period preceding surgery, patients were divided into 2 cohorts - (1) patients with UWL ('UWL' cohort) and (2) patients without UWL ('No UWL') cohort. Differences in patient characteristics, co-morbid conditions and outcomes were compared. RESULTS: There were 30,669 surgeries recorded under 1,638 CPT codes, with 8,436 surgeries involving the eight most common CPT codes. UWL was present in 11.5% of all patients. UWL patients were more commonly (P < 0.05) male, African-American, of higher ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology) class, and had multiple associated comorbidities. Nearly all complications, including wound infections, prolonged ventilator requirement, unplanned intubation, cardiac arrest, DVT, sepsis and mortality were more common in UWL patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that UWL was independently associated with 21%, 22% and 49% higher risk of overall morbidity, serious morbidity and 30-day mortality, respectively. CONCLUSION: UWL is an independent risk factor associated with increased morbidity and mortality following elective surgeries in patients with disseminated cancer.

Targeting the heat shock response in cancer: tipping the balance in transformed cells.

The elucidation of the heat shock response (HSR) as a mediator of cellular stress has created a framework for understanding how these processes may promote tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the identification of specific components of the HSR and how they are co-opted by cancer cells has led to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. A wide range of small molecule inhibitors of the HSR are in various stages of development for clinical application in patients with cancer. The introduction of these novel small molecule inhibitors offers the opportunity for synergy with existing therapies and the potential for highly targeted treatments.

Quality of life after an esophagectomy.

Specialized centers have reduced the adverse outcomes associated with esophagectomy in the last 2 decades and now report operative mortalities of less than 5%. With the expanding use of screening endoscopy, early invasive esophageal adenocarcinoma is diagnosed more commonly. As a result, more patients enjoy long-term survival after curative resection. Simultaneously, emerging evidence supports the equivalence of competing endoscopic therapies for treatment of very early cancers and benign diseases. Accordingly, surgical resection requires re-evaluation using enhanced parameters to enable more meaningful comparative outcome analyses. This article summarizes the current evidence and examines future directions regarding esophagectomy quality of life.

Upregulation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin by ErbB2 through nuclear factor-kappaB activation.

ErbB2 (HER2, neu) is a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in about 25% of invasive breast carcinomas. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a secreted glycoprotein expressed in a variety of cancers, including breast carcinomas. NGAL can inhibit erythroid cell production, leading to anemia. Anemia usually occurs in cancer patients and negatively affects quality of life. However, current treatment for cancer-related anemia has potential complications. ErbB2, NGAL, and anemia have all been associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, although the relationship between ErbB2 and NGAL expression is not clear. Here, using breast cancer cell lines in vitro and transgenic mice carrying the activated c-neu oncogene driven by a mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV-neu) in vivo, we show that ErbB2 overexpression leads to NGAL upregulation, which is dependent on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity. MMTV-neu transgenic mice developed anemia after tumor onset, and anemia progression could be partially arrested by a NF-kappaB inhibitor and ErbB2-targeted therapy. Taken together, upregulation of NGAL by ErbB2 through NF-kappaB activation is involved in cancer-related anemia, and the ErbB2, NF-kappaB, and NGAL pathways may serve as potential therapeutic targets for cancer-related anemia.