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1.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39128696

RESUMO

The main event of osteoporosis is fragility fractures. Vertebral compression fractures are the most commonly fragility fracture related to osteoporosis. Our goal is to review the available literature to confirm or deny concepts learned about spinal cementation and adapt our clinical practice according to scientific evidence. In the complex world of spine surgery, constant innovations seek to improve the quality of life of patients. Among these, vertebral augmentation has emerged as an increasingly popular technique, but often shrouded in myths and misunderstandings. In this systematic review, we will thoroughly explore the truths behind vertebral augmentation, unravelling common myths and providing a clear insight into this technique. As specialists in the field, it is crucial to understand the reality surrounding these interventions to offer our patients the best possible information and make informed decisions.

2.
Schizophr Res ; 270: 339-348, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38968805

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Suicidal ideation is common among individuals with first episode psychosis (FEP), with prevalence estimates up to 56.5 %. Despite its high prevalence, relatively little is known about how sociodemographic, clinical and/or developmental characteristics contribute to the experience of suicidal ideation in individuals with FEP. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study (FEP n = 551 and controls n = 857), univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to study the associations of sociodemographic, clinical, and developmental factors with suicidal ideation in individuals with FEP as well as controls. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). In addition, multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted based on a stepwise approach. RESULTS: In FEP, only depressive symptoms remained significantly associated with suicidal ideation when all correlates were integrated into one model. In the multivariate model in controls, depressive symptoms, positive symptoms, and traumatic childhood experiences were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that depressive symptoms are an important factor relating to suicidal ideation in individuals with FEP, over and above other clinical, sociodemographic, and developmental factors. This underscores the relevance of screening for suicidal ideation in individuals with FEP, and highlights the need for a better understanding of the diagnostic uncertainty and course of mood symptoms in early psychosis. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional study design, self-reported questionnaires.


Assuntos
Depressão , Transtornos Psicóticos , Autorrelato , Ideação Suicida , Humanos , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Depressão/epidemiologia , Adolescente
3.
Psychol Med ; : 1-10, 2024 May 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38721761

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We examined whether cannabis use contributes to the increased risk of psychotic disorder for non-western minorities in Europe. METHODS: We used data from the EU-GEI study (collected at sites in Spain, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands) on 825 first-episode patients and 1026 controls. We estimated the odds ratio (OR) of psychotic disorder for several groups of migrants compared with the local reference population, without and with adjustment for measures of cannabis use. RESULTS: The OR of psychotic disorder for non-western minorities, adjusted for age, sex, and recruitment area, was 1.80 (95% CI 1.39-2.33). Further adjustment of this OR for frequency of cannabis use had a minimal effect: OR = 1.81 (95% CI 1.38-2.37). The same applied to adjustment for frequency of use of high-potency cannabis. Likewise, adjustments of ORs for most sub-groups of non-western countries had a minimal effect. There were two exceptions. For the Black Caribbean group in London, after adjustment for frequency of use of high-potency cannabis the OR decreased from 2.45 (95% CI 1.25-4.79) to 1.61 (95% CI 0.74-3.51). Similarly, the OR for Surinamese and Dutch Antillean individuals in Amsterdam decreased after adjustment for daily use: from 2.57 (95% CI 1.07-6.15) to 1.67 (95% CI 0.62-4.53). CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of cannabis use to the excess risk of psychotic disorder for non-western minorities was small. However, some evidence of an effect was found for people of Black Caribbean heritage in London and for those of Surinamese and Dutch Antillean heritage in Amsterdam.

4.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) ; 89(3): 323-331, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38789311

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignant tumor of liver epithelial cells and is the most frequent primary liver cancer. The broadening of transplantation and resectability criteria has made therapeutic decisions more complex. Our aim was to describe the clinical and survival characteristics of patients with HCC treated through resection or liver transplantation at our hospital and identify the presence of factors that enable outcome prediction and facilitate therapeutic decision-making. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with HCC that underwent surgery with curative intent at the Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, within the time frame of 2007 and 2017, were retrospectively identified. Survival, mortality, disease-free interval, and different outcome-related variables were analyzed. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients with a mean follow-up after surgery of 44 months were included. Overall mortality and recurrence were higher in the resection group. Mean survival was 51.4 months in the liver transplantation group and 37.5 months in the resection group, and the disease-free interval was 49.4 ±â€¯37.2 and 27.4 ±â€¯28.7 months, respectively (p = 0.002). The tumor burden score was statistically significant regarding risk for recurrence and specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be no patient subgroup in whom the results of surgical resection were superior or comparable to those of transplantation. Tumor burden determination could be a useful tool for patient subclassification and help guide therapeutic decision-making.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hepatectomia , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Transplante de Fígado , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante de Fígado/mortalidade , Idoso , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Seguimentos , Carga Tumoral , Intervalo Livre de Doença
5.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38677470

RESUMO

The main event of osteoporosis is fragility fractures. Vertebral compression fractures are the most commonly fragility fracture related to osteoporosis. Our goal is to review the available literature to confirm or deny concepts learned about spinal cementation and adapt our clinical practice according to scientific evidence. In the complex world of spine surgery, constant innovations seek to improve the quality of life of patients. Among these, vertebral augmentation has emerged as an increasingly popular technique, but often shrouded in myths and misunderstandings. In this systematic review, we will thoroughly explore the truths behind vertebral augmentation, unraveling common myths and providing a clear insight into this technique. As specialists in the field, it is crucial to understand the reality surrounding these interventions to offer our patients the best possible information and make informed decisions.

8.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 31(3): 331-345, jun. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-103206

RESUMO

La presencia de concentraciones elevadas de proteína o albúmina en orina, de modo persistente, es un signo de lesión renal y constituye, junto con la estimación del filtrado glomerular, la base sobre la que se sustenta el diagnóstico de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Su presencia identifica a un grupo de pacientes con un riesgo superior de progresión de la enfermedad renal y con mayor morbilidad cardiovascular. El tratamiento con inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina o antagonistas del receptor de la angiotensina, en individuos con ERC y proteinuria, ha demostrado que disminuye tanto la progresión de la enfermedad renal como la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares y muerte, por lo que la disminución del valor de la proteinuria es considerado un objetivo terapéutico. Pese a la importancia de la detección y monitorización de la proteinuria en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la ERC, no existe consenso entre las guías de práctica clínica publicadas por distintas Sociedades científicas sobre cuáles son los valores que indican su presencia, si ésta debe ser definida en términos de albúmina o de proteína, el espécimen más adecuado para su medida o el tipo de unidades en que deben ser expresados los resultados. La finalidad de este documento, elaborado con el consenso de la Sociedad Española de Bioquímica Clínica y Patología Molecular (SEQC) y la Sociedad Española de Nefrología (S.E.N.), es proporcionar recomendaciones, a los facultativos clínicos y de laboratorio, para la detección y monitorización de la proteinuria como marcador de la presencia de ERC en adultos y en niños. Las recomendaciones son el resultado de la búsqueda, evaluación y síntesis de la evidencia científica publicada sobre el tema en los últimos años (AU)


The presence of persistently high urinary concentrations of protein or albumin is considered a sign of kidney damage. Nowadays, the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is based on the presence of signs of kidney damage together with the estimation of the glomerular filtration rate. The presence of either proteinuria or albuminuria identifies a group of patients with a higher risk of progression of CKD and higher cardiovascular risk. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers decreases both the progression of CKD and the incidence of cardiovascular events and death in patients with CKD and proteinuria. Thus, proteinuria is currently considered a therapeutic target by itself. Despite the importance of detecting and monitoring proteinuria in the diagnosis and follow-up of CKD, there is no consensus among the clinical practice guidelines published by different scientific societies on the diagnostic cut-off levels, on different sampling procedures, on the units used in laboratory reports or just on whether it should be defined in terms of albuminuria or proteinuria. The goal of this document, created with the agreement of the Spanish Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology (SEQC, representing its Spanish acronym) and the Spanish Society of Nephrology (S.E.N.), is to recommend appropriate guidelines to medical and laboratory physicians for detecting and monitoring proteinuria as a marker of CKD in adults and children. These recommendations are the result of searching, evaluating and summarising current scientific evidence published in the last few years (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Proteinúria/diagnóstico , Albuminúria/diagnóstico , Creatinina/urina , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Padrões de Prática Médica
9.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 53(3): 236-245, mayo-jun. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-89673

RESUMO

La noción de conectividad cerebral es un aspecto clave para entender el funcionamiento cerebral. Las metodologías para detectar y cuantificar los diferentes tipos de conectividad con técnicas de neuroimagen son en la actualidad un área de estudio fundamental en la comprensión de la fisiopatología de muchos trastornos, tanto neurológicos como psiquiátricos. Con este artículo se pretende realizar una revisión crítica de las técnicas con resonancia magnética para medir la conectividad cerebral dentro del actual contexto del proyecto Conectoma. Las técnicas revisadas se dividen en: a) conectividad estructural b) conectividad funcional (análisis de componentes principales, análisis de componentes independientes, vóxel semilla, meta-análisis) y c) conectividad efectiva (interacciones psicofisiológicas, modelo dinámico causal, modelos autorregresivos multivariantes y modelo estructural de ecuaciones). Estos tres enfoques permiten combinar y utilizar distintas técnicas matemático-estadísticas cuyos resultados proporcionan modelos para intentar predecir la funcionalidad cerebral. Es necesario validar los hallazgos de estas técnicas con otras formas de análisis de la conectividad estructural y funcional. Esta información se integra dentro del proyecto Conectoma donde este conjunto de técnicas convergen para ofrecer una representación de todos los modelos de conectividad (AU)


Brain connectivity is a key concept for understanding brain function. Current methods to detect and quantify different types of connectivity with neuroimaging techniques are fundamental for understanding the pathophysiology of many neurologic and psychiatric disorders. This article aims to present a critical review of the magnetic resonance imaging techniques used to measure brain connectivity within the context of the Human Connectome Project. We review techniques used to measure: a) structural connectivity b) functional connectivity (main component analysis, independent component analysis, seed voxel, meta-analysis), and c) effective connectivity (psychophysiological interactions, causal dynamic models, multivariate autoregressive models, and structural equation models). These three approaches make it possible to combine and use different statistical techniques to elaborate mathematical models in the attempt to understand the functioning of the brain. The findings obtained with these techniques must be validated by other techniques for analyzing structural and functional connectivity. This information is integrated in the Human Connectome Project where all these approaches converge to provide a representation of all the different models of connectivity (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Encefalopatias/patologia , Encefalopatias , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Sistema Nervoso Central/anatomia & histologia , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos/tendências , /tendências , Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Sistema Nervoso Central
10.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 30(2): 185-194, mar.-abr. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-104529

RESUMO

Introducción: Recientemente el grupo CKD-EPI (ChronicKidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) ha publicado una nueva ecuación de estimación del filtrado glomerular(FG) desarrollada a partir de una población de 8.254 individuosa los que se midió el FG mediante aclaramiento de iotalamato (media 68 ml/min/1,73 m2, DE 40ml/min/1,73 m2), y que incluye como variables la creatinina sérica, la edad, el sexo y la raza, con distintas versiones en función de la etnia, el sexo y el valor de la creatinina. La ecuación de CKD-EPI mejoró los resultados en cuanto a exactitud y precisión de la ecuación de elección actual MDRD-IDMS (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease-Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectrometry) en especial para valores de FG superior a 60 ml/min/1,73 m2 en un grupo de 3.896individuos. Material y métodos: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue comparar los valores de FG estimado utilizando la nueva ecuación de CKD-EPI frente a MDRD-IDMS en una amplia cohorte de 14.427 pacientes (5.234 mujeres y 9.193hombres) y analizar las repercusiones que el uso de CKDEPI tendría a la hora de clasificar a la población en distintos estadios de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en función de su FG. Resultados: La media del FG estimado fue 0,6ml/min/1,73 m2 más alto por CKD-EPI que por MDRD-IDMS en el grupo total, 1,9 ml/min/1,73 m2 más alto en el grupo (..) (AU)


Introduction: A recent report by the CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) group describes a new equation to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).This equation has been developed from a population of8,254 subjects who had the GFR measured by iothalamate clearance (mean 68 ml/min/1.73 m2, SD 40 ml/min/1.73 m2).It includes variables such as serum creatinine, age, sex and race with different formula according to race, sex and creatinine value. The CKD-EPI equation improved the accuracy and precision results of the current first-choice MDRDIDMS(Modification of Diet in Renal Disease-Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectrometry) formula, specially for GFR >60ml/min/1.73 m2 in a group of 3,896 subjects. Methods: The goal of our study was to compare the estimated GFR by using the new equation CKD-EPI with MDRD-IDMS in a wide cohort of 14,427 patients (5,234 women and 9,193 men),and to analyze the impact of the new CKD-EPI formula on (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Creatinina/sangue , Creatinina/urina , Testes de Função Renal
12.
Educ. méd. (Ed. impr.) ; 12(3): 157-168, sept. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-79592

RESUMO

Introducción. La formación de los tutores de residentes se ha configurado como uno de los ejes sobre los que recae la calidad del proceso formativo de los especialistas sanitarios. Objetivo. Describir y analizar las características de las acciones de formación de tutores en los 10 últimos años en Galicia, como base del aprendizaje reflexivo para la mejora. Materiales y métodos. Revisión de los programas, contenidos, materiales utilizados, características y procedencia de los participantes, contenidos de los proyectos docentes elaborados y encuestas de valoración. Resultados. Se describen los datos de las 8 ediciones del ‘curso de metodología docente y de evaluación para tutores’. Realizaron la formación86 facultativos. La distribución de participantes por especialidades y áreas sanitarias no se corresponde con el peso de éstas en el sistema asistencial y docente. Las especialidades con más tutores participantes fueron Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Anestesiología y Obstetricia-Ginecología. Los 10facultativos que participaron como docentes estaban en ese momento en ejercicio de su responsabilidad en formación de residentes. Entre los contenidos de los proyectos docentes desarrollados destacan cuantitativamente los dedicados a mejorar la organización de rotaciones o la adaptación de los programas de la especialidad a los centros o unidades, y los dedicados a la mejora metodológica del aprendizaje de habilidades. Se incorporaron nuevas herramientas de evaluación formativa aprendidas durante el curso a muchos de estos proyectos. En las encuestas de valoración final, el curso fue valorado satisfactoriamente por los alumnos, considerando que su contenido era útil para su actividad profesional. (..) (AU)


Introduction. The training of the tutors of residents has been formed as one of the axes on which there relapses the quality of the formative process of the medical specialists. Aim. To describe and to analyze the characteristics of the activities of tutors’ training in last 10 years in Galicia, as the basis for reflective learning for improvement. Materials and methods. Are view of programs, contents, materials, characteristics and origin of the participants and content of teaching projects elaborated. Results. We describe the information of the 8 editions of the ‘course of teaching and evaluation methodology for tutors’. 86 professionals achieved this training. The participants ‘distribution by specialties and health areas does not match the weight of those in the health care and the training systems. The specialties with more tutors participants were Familiar and Communitary Medicine, Anesthesiology and Obstetrics-Gynaecology. The 10 clinic professionals who took part as teachers were at that time in exercising their responsibility in residents’ training. Among the contents of the teaching developed projects, stand out quantitatively those focused on improving the organization of rotations or to adapt programs of the specialty to the centers or units, and those devoted to the methodological improvement of learning skills. New formative assessment tools learned during the course were incorporated into many of these projects. In the final questionnaire the course was reported positively by the participants and the contents were considered useful for their professional activity. Conclusions. To know the health areas and specialties in which incorporation to this training has been (..) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Internato e Residência , Educação Médica/história , Mentores/história , Espanha
14.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 45(7): 418-423, 1 oct., 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-65924

RESUMO

A pesar de que inicialmente dio resultados esperanzadores, el estudio de las bases genéticas de lapersonalidad no ha logrado unos resultados satisfactorios. Las razones básicas han sido la cuestionable validez biológica de las dimensiones de la personalidad y la importante contribución del ambiente. Una alternativa ha sido recurrir al estudio deltemperamento en niños (lactantes y preescolares) en los que la variabilidad del comportamiento individual está menos modulada por factores ambientales. Desarrollo. En primer lugar se presentan los estudios de gemelos y de adopción, que determinan el grado de heredabilidad del temperamento en niños, y se comparan con los estudios de personalidad en adultos. Seguidamente se pasa a comentar los estudios de asociación realizados con el fin de identificar los genes que intervienen en las basesmoleculares del temperamento en niños, principalmente los estudios relacionados con el gen transportador de serotonina (5-HTT), el gen receptor (DRD4) y el gen monoamino oxidasa A (MAOA), relacionados con dimensiones específicas o trastornos de la personalidad. Por último, se analizan las futuras direcciones hacia las que se dirige este campo de investigación.Conclusión. La investigación del temperamento en niños presenta una heredabilidad más elevada que la personalidad en adultos. Los polimorfismos de los genes 5-HTT y DRD4 contribuyen a explicar parte de la variabilidad observada en el comportamiento individual. Aun así, la falta de replicabilidad en los estudios actuales hace necesarios nuevos enfoques, y son particularmente relevantes los estudios longitudinales que introduzcan la investigación de las interacciones geneticoambientales


In spite of the high initial expectancy in preliminary results concerning the genetics of personality,these studies have not provided satisfactory results. The failure could be related to the lack of biological validity of personality concept and the important influence of environmental factors on personality. A possible way to solve this problem is to look atthe temperament of preschool children. It is expected that variability in infants’ behaviour can be better defined and with less environmental influence. Development. Firstly, twin and adoption studies of child temperament in comparison with the studiesof personality in adults are reviewed. Secondly, the molecular association studies carried out concerning child temperament are analyzed. The serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT), D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and mono amino oxidade-A gene (MAOA) have been considered candidates to explain variability in child temperament because these genes have been related withspecific personality dimensions and mental diseases. Finally, the methodological problems and the future direction of research in this field are considered. Conclusions. Heritability shows higher values in infant temperament than in adult personality.Different gene polymorphisms on 5-HTT, DRD4 and MAOA could explain some individual variability in children’s behavior, although replication studies are needed to confirm the role of these genes. Longitudinal studies in large samples that include gene and environmental interactions are one of the best ways to improve our knowledge about the genetics of child temperament


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Comportamento Infantil , Temperamento , Genética Comportamental/métodos , Serotonina/genética , Monoaminoxidase/genética , Personalidade/genética , Gêmeos/genética , Adoção
15.
Med. paliat ; 13(4): 174-178, oct.-dic. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-62579

RESUMO

La toma de decisiones clínicas en el paciente en situación terminal esa veces difícil. Debemos evitar caer en el encarnizamiento o por el contrario en el abandono terapéutico. El encarnizamiento terapéutico consiste en la utilización de medios desproporcionados para prolongar la vida biológica de un paciente que padece una enfermedad terminal. Decidir si un determinado tratamiento resulta desproporcionado para un paciente en un determinado momento dependerá del tipo de tratamiento, de su situación biológica y de su voluntariedad. Los principios bioéticos nos pueden ayudar en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Utilizamos un caso clínico para ilustrar cómo una guía de utilización escalonada de los principios bioéticos nos puede resultar de ayuda en este proceso. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con una neoplasia de vejiga avanzada en el que se diagnostica una hipercalcemia tumoral y una infección respiratoria y se trata de valorar si el tratamiento de dichas complicaciones es apropiado o no. En primer lugar resulta relevante la diferenciación entre los conceptos de proporcionado/desproporcionado que dependen de la valoración del profesional, y los de ordinario/extraordinario que vienen definidos por el paciente. En segundo lugar se remarca la importancia de explorar los deseos del paciente con patologías crónicas sobre situaciones que se pueden plantear en la evolución de su enfermedad antes de que esta los incapacite para la toma de decisiones (AU)


Making clinical decisions for terminal patients is sometimes difficult. We must avoid both therapeutic obstinacy and withdrawal. Therapeutic obstinacy consists of using disproportionate means to extend an end-stage patient’s biological life. In these situations clinical decision making becomes a difficult task. Deciding whether a particular treatment is disproportionate at a particular time will depend on kind of treatment, the patient's biological situation, and the patient’s desires. Bioethical principles may help us in the process of decision making. We use a case report to illustrate how a set of step-by-step guidelines may help us in this process. This is the case of a patient suffering from an advanced bladder neoplasm in whom tumor-related hypercalcemia and a respiratory infection were diagnosed. The important thing is to value whether treatment is appropiate or otherwise. We are using this example to illustrate how step-by-step guidelines can help us in making such decisions. First, distinguishing between proportionate and disproportionate is of utmost importance, and this depends on the specialist’s criteria; also between ordinary/extraordinary, which are defined by the patient. Secondly, it is important to explore the desires of patients with chronic conditions regarding situations that may arise during the course of illness before they lose their ability to make such decisions (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Assistência Terminal/ética , Cuidados para Prolongar a Vida/ética , Bioética , Tomada de Decisões/ética , Testamentos Quanto à Vida/ética , Condições Sociais , Cuidados para Prolongar a Vida , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/complicações
16.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 98(11): 817-827, nov. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053644

RESUMO

Aim: to investigate whether flow cytometry could help to definethe optimal therapeutic strategy of primary gastric lymphomas.Material and method: retrospective study of 46 patients havingprimary gastric lymphoma –according to Dawson criteria– inAnn Arbor stage IE and IIE, who were surgically treated. From selectedparaffin-embedded tissue blocks of the tumor, DNA contentwas studied by flow cytometry (FC). Other pathological tumor featureswere analysed by hematoxiline-eosine and Giemsa stains aswell as immunohistochemical study; any possible influence onpostoperative survival was investigated through statistical analysis.Results: the DNA ploidy pattern was diploid in 40 cases(87%) and aneuploid (hyperdiploid) in 6 (13%). Postoperative survivalprobability (PSP) was 62.7% at 5 years. Statistical analysisshowed significant prognostic value for Ann Arbor classification–with higher PSP for stage IE (p = 0.009)– and FC parameters: diploidtumors had higher PSP than aneuploid tumors. Also tumorshaving S-phase (p = 0.044) or G2-M phase values (p = 0.023) underthe respective mean values had higher PSP. No influence onPSP was found for wall invasion, Helicobacter pylori infection,Isaacson’s histologic type or resection margin involvement. Nosignificant relationship was appreciated between Isaacson’s histologictype and DNA ploidy patterns.Conclusion: FC could be useful in assessing gastric lymphomaprognosis


Objetivo: investigar si la citometría de flujo (CF) en el linfomagástrico primario podría ayudar a definir la estrategia terapéutica.Material y método: estudio retrospectivo de 46 pacientescon linfoma gástrico primario –de acuerdo con los criterios deDawson– en estadio IE y IIE de Ann Arbor, tratados quirúrgicamente.Se analizó el contenido tumoral de ADN mediante CF, a partirde preparaciones tumorales conservadas en parafina. Además seestudiaron otras características tumorales mediante tinciones dehematoxilina-eosina, giemsa y análisis inmuno-histoquímico. Seinvestigó su posible influencia sobre la probabilidad de supervivenciapostoperatoria (PSP) mediante análisis estadístico.Resultados: el patrón de ploidía tumoral fue diploide en 40casos (87%) y aneuploide (hiperdiploide) en 6 (13%). El análisis estadísticodemostró valor pronóstico para la clasificación de AnnArbor –con superior PSP para el estadio IE (p = 0,009)–, así comopara los parámetros de CF: los tumores diploides se asociaron auna PSP superior (p = 0.009), al igual que los tumores con valoresde fase S (p = 0,044) o fase G2-M (p = 0,023) inferiores a lasrespectivas medias. No se observó influencia sobre la supervivenciade la invasión tumoral en la pared, presencia de Helicobacterpylori, tipo histológico de Isaacson o afectación del borde de resección.Tampoco se apreció relación significativa entre el tipohistológico de Isaacson y el contenido de ADN.Conclusión: la CF podría ser útil para determinar el pronósticodel linfoma gástrico


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Humanos , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Citometria de Fluxo , Linfoma/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sobrevivência , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia
18.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 98(10): 755-759, oct. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-050669

RESUMO

Introducción: se han descrito metástasis en puertos laparoscópicostras cirugía laparoscópica oncológica. Sin embargo, lafrecuencia tras los procedimientos laparoscópicos en el carcinomagástrico es poco conocida.Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo de 41pacientes a quienes se había realizado laparoscopia de estadificación,con un seguimiento postoperatorio mayor de un año. Laedad media era de 65 años (29-89). Tras la estadificación, se realizógastrectomía abierta en 33 pacientes. El seguimiento mediofue de 22,4 meses (12-66). La metástasis en los orificios de trócaresse definió como un nódulo en la cicatriz de la puerta laparoscópicacon biopsia de adenocarcinoma.Resultados: ningún paciente presentó metástasis clínicas enlos orificios de trócares de laparoscopia, incluso en estadios avanzados.No evidenciamos morbilidad ni mortalidad postoperatoriaatribuible a las maniobras laparoscópicas ni necesidad de laparotomíaen pacientes sin indicación de gastrectomía.Conclusiones: nuestros resultados sugieren que la laparoscopiade estadificación en el carcinoma gástrico es un procedimientoseguro ya que no se asocia a metástasis en los orificios de trócartras un seguimiento considerable, y tiene una baja frecuencia decomplicaciones


Background: port-site metastases (PSM) have been reportedfollowing oncological laparoscopic surgery. However, their frequencyafter laparoscopic examination in gastric cancer has notbeen well established.Material and methods: prospective follow-up of 41 patientshaving had a staging laparoscopy and a follow-up longer than12 months. Mean age was 65 years (29-89). After staging, an opengastrectomy was performed in 33 cases. Mean follow-up was21.4 (12-66) months. PSM was defined as a node in the former portsitewound with adenocarcinoma histology at biopsy.Results: no patient showed clinical signs of PSM or port-siterecurrence, even in advanced stages. We had no morbidity orpostoperative mortality attributable to laparoscopic manoeuvres,and no need for laparotomy in cases without a gastrectomy indication.Conclusions: our results suggest that staging laparoscopy is asafe procedure in gastric carcinoma, as it is not associated withPSM after even considerable follow-up, and has a very low complicationrate


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Humanos , Laparoscopia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Cicatriz/patologia , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia
19.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 34(5): 283-286, sept.-oct. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051810

RESUMO

Introducción. La experiencia subjetiva de los pacientes psicóticos con el tratamiento neuroléptico, ha sido objeto de estudio ante su importancia en el cumplimiento, calidad de vida y pronóstico. Diversos autores han creado instrumentos de medida aplicables en la práctica clínica diaria. Los objetivos perseguidos por las escalas difieren en matices, pero tienen en común la perspectiva subjetiva. Método. Se recogen los cuestionarios diseñados para la evaluación de la experiencia subjetiva con antipsicóticos, que han aparecido en Pubmed en los últimos 40 años. Resultados. Se encuentran 10 escalas para la evaluación de la experiencia subjetiva con antipsicóticos: NDS, DRI, DAI-30, DAI-10, ROMI, SWN, SWN (versión corta), MARS, ANT y PETiT. Se analizan las ventajas y limitaciones de las mismas. Conclusiones. Se comprueba que los contenidos que recogen cada una de las escalas no se superponen. Se propone diferenciar la «disforia a neurolépticos» como efecto agudo, de la «experiencia subjetiva» como efecto complejo del cumplimiento a largo plazo


Introduction. The subjective experience of psychotic patients with neuroleptics has been the purpose of many studies, considering its importance in treatment adherence, quality of life and outcome. Many authors have developed measurement instruments applicable in everyday clinical practice. The scale objectives defer in hues, but have the subjective perspective in common. Method. Questionnaires designed for evaluating subjective experience with antipsychotics, appearing in PUBMED during the last 40 years, have been collected. Results. Ten scales for evaluating the subjective experience with antipsychotics: NDS, DRI, DAI-30, DAI-10, ROMI, SWN, SWN (short version), MARS, ANT and PETiT, were found. Their advantages and limitations have been analyzed. Conclusions. We have cheked out that the contents of each scale do not overlap. It is proposed to differentiate between «dysphoria response to neuroleptics» as an acute effect and the «subjective experience» as complex effect of long term compliance


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos Psicóticos/tratamento farmacológico , Antipsicóticos/farmacocinética , Cooperação do Paciente , Qualidade de Vida , Prognóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria/instrumentação
20.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 34(5): 323-329, sept.-oct. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051815

RESUMO

Introducción. Se describen las diferentes patologías en las que se realizan prescripciones de antipsicóticos (APS) convencionales y de segunda generación. Método. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, multicéntrico, basado en la revisión de 300 historias clínicas de centros públicos y privados, hospitalarios y ambulatorios, localizados en Salamanca, Vigo, Bilbao, Barcelona, Valencia, Oviedo y Málaga. Resultados. La edad media de la población estudiada fue de 42±17 años; el 56,6% eran varones. Se emplearon fundamentalmente atípicos (67 %) frente a clásicos (33 %). Los APS clásicos se prescribieron fundamentalmente en el trastorno bipolar con/sin síntomas psicóticos (20,6%), esquizofrenia (18,3%) y trastorno delirante (11,5%). Los APS atípicos se prescribieron fundamentalmente en esquizofrenia (31,5 %), trastorno bipolar con/sin síntomas psicóticos (12,5 %) y otros trastornos psicóticos (8,9 %). Considerando los trastornos psicóticos agrupadamente (esquizofrenia, trastorno bipolar con síntomas psicóticos, trastorno delirante y otros trastornos psicóticos) se utilizaron APS clásicos en el 47,4% y APS atípicos en el 62,5 %. Se utilizaron APS «fuera de indicación» en el 32,8 %, incluyendo depresiones resistentes, trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo grave y trastorno límite de la personalidad, con porcentajes similares, tanto de los convencionales como de los atípicos. En la demencia se emplearon APS atípicos en un 5,1 frente a 1,5 % de los convencionales. Los motivos de prescripción más frecuentes para los APS clásicos fueron el control de síntomas psicóticos (33,6 %), agresividad-agitación (31,3 %), insomnio severo (16 %), impulsividad (6,9 %) y ansiedad severa (6,1 %). Los APS atípicos se utilizaron preferentemente en el control de síntomas psicóticos (58,8%) y agresividad-agitación (25,5%). Conclusiones. La utilización de APS tiene lugar fundamentalmente dentro de las indicaciones para los que están autorizados (67,2%). El uso «fuera de indicación» (32,8 %) se da de forma similar tanto para los APS clásicos como para los APS atípicos, y se produce en patologías graves en las que no se cuenta con tratamientos alternativos


Introduction. Wed describe the different diseases in which conventional and second generation antipsychotic (APS) prescriptions are made. Method. Observational, retrospective, multicenter study based on the review of 300 clinical records of public and private sites, hospital and out-patient clinics, located in Salamanca, Vigo, Bilbao, Barcelona, Valencia, Oviedo and Malaga. Results. The mean age of the population studied was 42±17 years; 56.6 % were men. Atypical drugs (67 %) were used basically versus classical ones (33 %). Classical APS are basically prescribed in bipolar disorder with/without psychotic symptoms (20.6 %), schizophrenia (18.3%) and delusional disorder (11.5 %). Atypical APS are fundamentally prescribed in schizophrenia (31.5 %), bipolar disorders with/without psychotic symptoms (12.5 %) and other psychotic disorders (8.9 %). When the psychotic disorders are considered by groups (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder with psychotic symptoms, delusional disorder and other psychotic disorders), classical APS are used in 47.4 % and atypical APS in 62.5%. APS were used «outside the indication» (off-label) in 32.8%, including resistant depressions, serious obsessive-compulsive disorder and borderline personality disorder, with similar percentages for both conventional and atypical ones. In dementia, atypical APS were used in 5.1 % versus 1.5 % of the conventional ones. The most frequent reasons for prescription of classical APS were control of psychotic symptoms (33.6 %), aggressiveness-agitation (31.3 %), severe insomnia (16 %), impulsivity (6.9 %) and severe anxiety (6.1 %). Atypical APS were preferably used in the control of psychotic symptoms (58.8%) and aggressiveness-agitation (25.5%). Conclusions. The use of APS basically occurs within their authorized indications (67.2 %). The off-label use (32.8 %) occurs both for the classical as well as atypical APS and occurs in serious diseases in which there are no alternative treatments


Assuntos
Humanos , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos
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