Chronic Sclerosing Sialadenitis of the Submandibular Gland and its Histopathological Spectrum in the IgG4-Related Disease: a Series of 17 Cases.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to characterize the histopathological immunohistochemical features of chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, emphasizing the IgG4-related disease. METHODS: Seventeen cases of chronic sclerosing sialoadenitis were examined for histopathological aspects, (inflammation, fibrosis, glandular parenchyma, and lymphoid follicles) and immunohistochemistry (BCL2, CD3, CD20, CD34, CD163, p63, cyclin D1, mast cell, SMA, S100A4, IgG, and IgG4) which were scored. IgG4-related disease features were investigated. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. RESULTS: Males predominated (10:7), with an average lesion size of 3.9 cm. Common histopathological findings included reduced acinar parenchyma, lymphoid follicle formation, and ductular proliferation. CD3-positive T lymphocytes and CD34- and SMA-positive stromal fibroblasts were abundant. Nine cases (53%) showed sialoliths and three cases met the criteria for IgG4-related disease. CONCLUSION: CSS of the submandibular gland represents a reactive pattern rather than IgG4-RD as only 3 cases seemed to be related to IgG4-RD. The immunohistochemical profile revealed an abundant population of CD3-positive T lymphocytes, as opposed to regulatory proteins such as cyclin D1, demonstrating that populations of CD34- and SMA-positive stromal fibroblasts contribute to the fibrosis characteristic of CSS. In addition, our results provide a comprehensive insight into the study of CSS and its relationship with IgG4-RD.

E-CADERIN, N-CADERIN, SLUG, SNAIL, and TWIST contribute to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in salivary gland tumors.

BACKGROUND: Transcription factors are important in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and are possibly related to the development of a more invasive tumor phenotype. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the expression and identify the localization of cellular markers related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in salivary gland tumors. STUDY DESIGN: The expression and localization of E-CADERIN, N-CADERIN, SLUG, SNAIL, and TWIST were evaluated, using immunohistochemistry, in 48 salivary gland tumors, being 17 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 14 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), and 17 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC). these proteins were compared to clinical and histopathologic parameters. normal gland tissues were included for immunohistochemical comparisons. RESULTS: ACC and MEC cases showed higher expression of SNAIL compared to PA. MEC showed high expression of SLUG and TWIST. Low expression of N-CADHERIN, SNAIL, and TWIST in ACC was frequent in T3 and T4. High expression of TWIST in MEC was more frequent at age ≥ 40 years A positive correlation was only observed between N-cadherin/SNAIL in ACC, between SNAIL/TWIST in MEC, and between SLUG/TWIST in PA. CONCLUSION: This study provided insight into EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, SNAIL, SLUG, and TWIST) and their contribution to the maintenance of morphogenesis and the development of the salivary gland tumors and showed a positive correlation among N-CADHERIN/SNAIL in ACC and SNAIL/TWIST in MEC.

Acinic cell carcinoma of the oral and maxillofacial region: an international multicenter study.

The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinicopathological, and prognostic features of acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) of the oral and maxillofacial region. AciCC cases were retrospectively retrieved from 11 pathology centers of three different countries. Medical records were examined to extract demographic, clinical, pathologic, and follow-up information. A total of 75 cases were included. Females (65.33%) with a mean age of 45.51 years were mostly affected. The lesions usually presented as an asymptomatic (64.28%) nodule (95.66%) in the parotid gland (70.68%). The association of two histopathological patterns was the most common finding (48.93%) and the tumors presented mainly conventional histopathological grades (86.11%). Surgical treatment was performed in the majority of the cases (59.19%). Local recurrence was observed in 20% of the informed cases, regional metastasis in 30.43%, and distant metastasis in 12.50%. The statistical analysis showed that the cases with a solid histopathological pattern (p=0.01), high-grade transformation (p=0.008), recurrence (p=0.007), and regional metastasis (p=0.03) were associated with poor survival. In conclusion, high histopathological transformation, presence of nodal metastasis, and recurrence were prognostic factors for AciCC of the oral and maxillofacial region.

Acinic cell carcinoma of the oral and maxillofacial region: an international multicenter study

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinicopathological, and prognostic features of acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) of the oral and maxillofacial region. AciCC cases were retrospectively retrieved from 11 pathology centers of three different countries. Medical records were examined to extract demographic, clinical, pathologic, and follow-up information. A total of 75 cases were included. Females (65.33%) with a mean age of 45.51 years were mostly affected. The lesions usually presented as an asymptomatic (64.28%) nodule (95.66%) in the parotid gland (70.68%). The association of two histopathological patterns was the most common finding (48.93%) and the tumors presented mainly conventional histopathological grades (86.11%). Surgical treatment was performed in the majority of the cases (59.19%). Local recurrence was observed in 20% of the informed cases, regional metastasis in 30.43%, and distant metastasis in 12.50%. The statistical analysis showed that the cases with a solid histopathological pattern (p=0.01), high-grade transformation (p=0.008), recurrence (p=0.007), and regional metastasis (p=0.03) were associated with poor survival. In conclusion, high histopathological transformation, presence of nodal metastasis, and recurrence were prognostic factors for AciCC of the oral and maxillofacial region.

Effect of low-level laser therapy (λ780 nm) on the mechanically damaged dentin-pulp complex in a model of extrusive luxation in rat incisors.

In order to regenerate the dental pulp, many strategies have been developed as phototherapy. In the pulp repair, we do not know if gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser preserves the primary odontoblasts or stimulates the formation of more dentin matrix when dental pulp is damaged. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of laser phototherapy (λ780 nm) on vascularization, inflammation, density of the primary odontoblast layer, and formation of reactionary and reparative dentin in the dental pulp by provoking extrusion of the rat incisor. The upper incisors were extruded 3 mm and then repositioned into their original sockets followed by a laser irradiation of the palatal mucosa (λ = 780 nm; p = 70 mW; CW; 4.2 J/cm2; 60 s) every 48 h. Non-traumatized and/or non-irradiated incisors were used as the controls. At 8 and 30 days after surgery, incisors were processed for histological and histomorphometric analysis. Morphological analysis revealed no differences in vascularization between groups, but showed discrete inflammation in some non-irradiated and injured specimens, which correlated with a more irregular reparative dentin. The density of primary odontoblasts in the groups treated with lasers was higher when compared to non-irradiated groups, but no statistically significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). The thickness of the tertiary dentin was increased in both traumatized groups with no statistically significant difference between non-irradiated and irradiated groups (p > 0.05).The present findings revealed that the GaAlAs laser induced small changes on dentin-pulp complex, with more regular dentin matrix in the irradiated dental pulps.

Desempenho dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas de uma Região de Saúde da Bahia / Performance of Dental Care Specialties Centers of a Region Health from Bahia

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o cumprimento das metas de desempenho dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEOs) de municípios da Região de Saúde de Jequié, na Bahia. Descreveu-se o Cumprimento Global das Metas (CGM) e refletiu-se sobre as variáveis de caracterização dos serviços e dos municípios. Foram utilizados dados secundários do Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIA-SUS), do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES), do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde da Bahia (SESAB). O desempenho dos CEOs da Região de Saúde de Jequié/BA foi considerado ruim para todos os estabelecimentos incluídos, pois não cumpriram nenhuma meta estipulada pelo Ministério da Saúde. Os dados sociodemográficos e a cobertura de equipes de saúde bucal pareceram não influenciar no desempenho, embora o tempo de habilitação e as condições estruturais e de recursos humanos dos estabelecimentos pareçam estar relacionadas à melhor produção. O baixo desempenho pode estar vinculado a problemas de gestão do serviço.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance goals compliance of Dental Care Specialities Centers (CEOs) from Jequié’s Health Region cities. The goals overall achievement was described and reflected on the services and cities characterization variables. Secondary data from the Outpatient Information System of the Unified Health System (SIA-SUS), National Registry of Health (CNES), Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and State Department of Health of Bahia (SESAB) were used. The performance of Jequié’s Health Region CEOs was considered not satisfactory for all establishments included, which did not meet any goal set by the Ministry of Health. Sociodemographic data and oral health teams’ coverage do not seem to influence the performance, although the time habilitation and the facilities structural and human resources conditions appear to be related to a better production. The low performance can be linked to service management issues.

Does chlorhexidine in different formulations interfere with the force of orthodontic elastics?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of chlorhexidine on the decline in force of orthodontic elastics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a laboratory study, five groups of samples were tested, with one control group represented by distilled water (group 1) and four experimental groups: 0.12% manipulated chlorhexidine (group 2), 0.2% manipulated chlorhexidine (group 3), 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate-based oral solution (0.12% Periogard; group 4), and 0.2% Cleanform mouthwash (formula and action; group 5). The test groups were submersed in artificial saliva at 37°C. Templates were used and submerged in the chlorhexidine solutions for 30 seconds twice a day. Force was measured with a digital dynamometer at six different time intervals: 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. RESULTS: No statistical differences were found among the groups in the initial period, at 24 hours, and at 7 days (P > .05). There were statistical differences between groups 2 and 5 at 14 days of the experiment and between group 1 and the others at 28 days. In the initial period, the force was statistically higher than it was at any of the other periods of the experiment (P < .05). CONCLUSION: In the present study, chlorhexidine showed no significant influence on the force degradation of the chain elastics tested.

Avaliação in vitro da citotoxicidade de bráquetes ortodônticos cerâmicos com e sem canaleta metálica / In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of ceramic orthodontic brackets with and without metallic slot

Introdução: O propósito deste estudo é avaliar a citotoxicidade de bráquetes cerâmicos com e sem canaletas metálicas. Métodos: foram avaliados bráquetes de cerâmica de uma mesma marca comercial (American Or¬thodontics) distribuídos em dois grupos: 1 ?cerâmico com canaleta metálica e 2 ? cerâmico convencional. Três grupos-controle foram avaliados: controle positivo (C+), constituído de um cilindro de amálgama, controle negativo (C-), bastão de vidro, e controle de célula (CC) onde as células não foram expostas a nenhum material. Previamente, os bráquetes foram esterilizados em luz ultravioleta. Após isso, foram imersos em meio mínimo essencial de Eagle por 24 horas, e então procedeu-se à remoção do sobrenadante e colocação em contato com fibroblastos L929. Avaliou-se a citotoxicidade em 4 períodos, 24, 48, 72 e 168 horas. Após contato com o meio, as células foram incubadas por mais 24 horas, quando então foram adicionados 100?l do corante ver¬melho neutro a 0,01%. Passado esse período, foi realizada a contagem de células viáveis em espectrofotômetro em um comprimento de onda de 492nm. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos experimentais (1 e 2) e os grupos-controle negativo e controle de célula (p>0.05). O controle positivo foi diferente estatisticamente de todos os outros (p<0.05). Conclusâo: Os bráquetes de cerâmica avaliados não são citotóxicos

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of ceramic orthodontic brackets, with or without metallic slot. Methods: Ceramic orthodontic brackets from different commercial brands were exam¬ined (American Orthodontics) and divided into two groups: 1- ceramic with metallic slot and 2- conventional ceramic. Three different control groups have been analyzed: positive control (C+) made of an amalgam barrel, negative control (C-) made of a glass rod and cell control (CC) where the cells were not exposed to any material. First of all, the brackets were sterilized by an ultraviolet light and then immersed in Eagle minimum essential for about 24 hours. The supernatants were collected and their cytotoxicity to L929 fibroblasts where analyzed in 4 periods: 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. After the contact with the environment, the cells were incubated for another 24 hours and then stained with 100?l of 0,01% neutral red dye. The viable cells were counted using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 492nm. Results: Any statistics differences have been found among the experimental groups (1 and 2) and negative control and cell control groups (p>0.05). The positive control group was statistically different from the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The ceramic orthodontic brackets evaluated are not cytotoxic