Reshaping Smart Cities through NGSI-LD Enrichment.

The vast amount of information stemming from the deployment of the Internet of Things and open data portals is poised to provide significant benefits for both the private and public sectors, such as the development of value-added services or an increase in the efficiency of public services. This is further enhanced due to the potential of semantic information models such as NGSI-LD, which enable the enrichment and linkage of semantic data, strengthened by the contextual information present by definition. In this scenario, advanced data processing techniques need to be defined and developed for the processing of harmonised datasets and data streams. Our work is based on a structured approach that leverages the principles of linked-data modelling and semantics, as well as a data enrichment toolchain framework developed around NGSI-LD. Within this framework, we reveal the potential for enrichment and linkage techniques to reshape how data are exploited in smart cities, with a particular focus on citizen-centred initiatives. Moreover, we showcase the effectiveness of these data processing techniques through specific examples of entity transformations. The findings, which focus on improving data comprehension and bolstering smart city advancements, set the stage for the future exploration and refinement of the symbiosis between semantic data and smart city ecosystems.

A Connector for Integrating NGSI-LD Data into Open Data Portals.

Nowadays, there are plenty of data sources generating massive amounts of information that, combined with novel data analytics frameworks, are meant to support optimisation in many application domains. Nonetheless, there are still shortcomings in terms of data discoverability, accessibility and interoperability. Open Data portals have emerged as a shift towards openness and discoverability. However, they do not impose any condition to the data itself, just stipulate how datasets have to be described. Alternatively, the NGSI-LD standard pursues harmonisation in terms of data modelling and accessibility. This paper presents a solution that bridges these two domains (i.e., Open Data portals and NGSI-LD-based data) in order to keep benefiting from the structured description of datasets offered by Open Data portals, while ensuring the interoperability provided by the NGSI-LD standard. Our solution aggregates the data into coherent datasets and generate high-quality descriptions, ensuring comprehensiveness, interoperability and accessibility. The proposed solution has been validated through a real-world implementation that exposes IoT data in NGSI-LD format through the European Data Portal (EDP). Moreover, the results from the Metadata Quality Assessment that the EDP implements, show that the datasets' descriptions generated achieve excellent ranking in terms of the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability (FAIR) data principles.

A Semantic-Enabled Platform for Realizing an Interoperable Web of Things.

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is experiencing a lack of interoperability across the multiple competing platforms that are available. Consequently, service providers can only access vertical data silos that imply high costs and jeopardize their solutions market potential. It is necessary to transform the current situation with competing non-interoperable IoT platforms into a common ecosystem enabling the emergence of cross-platform, cross-standard, and cross-domain IoT services and applications. This paper presents a platform that has been implemented for realizing this vision. It leverages semantic web technologies to address the two key challenges in expanding the IoT beyond product silos into web-scale open ecosystems: data interoperability and resources identification and discovery. The paper provides extensive description of the proposed solution and its implementation details. Regarding the implementation details, it is important to highlight that the platform described in this paper is currently supporting the federation of eleven IoT deployments (from heterogeneous application domains) with over 10,000 IoT devices overall which produce hundreds of thousands of observations per day.

Breaking Vendors and City Locks through a Semantic-enabled Global Interoperable Internet-of-Things System: A Smart Parking Case.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is unanimously identified as one of the main technology enablers for the development of future intelligent environments. However, the current IoT landscape is suffering from large fragmentation with many platforms and vendors competing with their own solution. This fragmented scenario is now jeopardizing the uptake of the IoT, as investments are not carried out partly because of the fear of being captured in lock-in situations. To overcome these fears, interoperability solutions are being put forward in order to guarantee that the deployed IoT infrastructure, independently of its manufacturer and/or platform, can exchange information, data and knowledge in a meaningful way. This paper presents a Global IoT Services (GIoTS) use case demonstrating how semantic interoperability among five different smart city IoT deployments can be leveraged to develop a smart urban mobility service. The application that has been developed seamlessly consumes data from them for providing parking guidance and mobility suggestions at the five locations (Santander and Barcelona in Spain and Busan, Seoul and Seongnam in South Korea) where the abovementioned IoT deployments are installed. The paper is also presenting the key aspects of the system enabling the interoperability among the three underlying heterogeneous IoT platforms.

Federation of Internet of Things Testbeds for the Realization of a Semantically-Enabled Multi-Domain Data Marketplace.

The Internet of Things (IoT) concept has attracted a lot of attention from the research and innovation community for a number of years already. One of the key drivers for this hype towards the IoT is its applicability to a plethora of different application domains. However, infrastructures enabling experimental assessment of IoT solutions are scarce. Being able to test and assess the behavior and the performance of any piece of technology (i.e., protocol, algorithm, application, service, etc.) under real-world circumstances is of utmost importance to increase the acceptance and reduce the time to market of these innovative developments. This paper describes the federation of eleven IoT deployments from heterogeneous application domains (e.g., smart cities, maritime, smart building, crowd-sensing, smart grid, etc.) with over 10,000 IoT devices overall which produce hundreds of thousands of observations per day. The paper summarizes the resources that are made available through a cloud-based platform. The main contributions from this paper are twofold. In the one hand, the insightful summary of the federated data resources are relevant to the experimenters that might be seeking for an experimental infrastructure to assess their innovations. On the other hand, the identification of the challenges met during the testbed integration process, as well as the mitigation strategies that have been implemented to face them, are of interest for testbed providers that can be considering to join the federation.

Quistes del tiroide: malignidad controvertida? / Thyroid cysts: controverted malignancy?

La incidencia real de lesiones quísticas malignas del tiroides no es bien conocida en Cuba. Estudiar este aspecto de las enfermedades de dicha glándula y evaluar la utilidad de la punción aspirativa con aguja fina en el diagnóstico de ellas constituyeron los objetivos del trabajo. Se operaron 104 pacientes por padecer lesiones nodulares del tiroides, como forma de presentación clínica, en un período de 4 años (1987 a 1990). La punción aspirativa con aguja fina se realizó a cada paciente en el quirófano inmediatamente antes de ser operado. El material obtenido mediante ésta y las piezas quirúrgicas se diagnosticaron por patólogos diferentes. Se obtuvieron un total de 45 (43,2 porciento) lesiones quísticas; de ellas 12(27 porciento) resultaron malignas. La punción aspirativa con aguja fina demostró una sensibilidad de 83 porciento, una especificidad de 97 porciento, con valores predictivos positivos y negativos de 90 y 94 porciento respectivamente. Las lesiones quísticas del tiroides pueden ser sitio de neoplasias malignas. Este tipo de lesiones no debe ser considerado siempre como sinónimo de benignidad(AU)

Quistes del tiroide: malignidad controvertida? / Thyroid cysts: controverted malignancy?

La incidencia real de lesiones quísticas malignas del tiroides no es bien conocida en Cuba. Estudiar este aspecto de las enfermedades de dicha glándula y evaluar la utilidad de la punción aspirativa con aguja fina en el diagnóstico de ellas constituyeron los objetivos del trabajo. Se operaron 104 pacientes por padecer lesiones nodulares del tiroides, como forma de presentación clínica, en un período de 4 años (1987 a 1990). La punción aspirativa con aguja fina se realizó a cada paciente en el quirófano inmediatamente antes de ser operado. El material obtenido mediante ésta y las piezas quirúrgicas se diagnosticaron por patólogos diferentes. Se obtuvieron un total de 45 (43,2 porciento) lesiones quísticas; de ellas 12(27 porciento) resultaron malignas. La punción aspirativa con aguja fina demostró una sensibilidad de 83 porciento, una especificidad de 97 porciento, con valores predictivos positivos y negativos de 90 y 94 porciento respectivamente. Las lesiones quísticas del tiroides pueden ser sitio de neoplasias malignas. Este tipo de lesiones no debe ser considerado siempre como sinónimo de benignidad

Quistes del tiroides. ¿Malignidad controvertida? / Thyroid cysts. Controverted malignancy?

La incidencia real de lesiones quísticas malignas del tiroides no es bien conocida en Cuba. Estudiar este aspecto de las enfermedades de dicha glándula y evaluar la utilidad de la punción aspirativa con aguja fina en el diagnóstico de ellas constituyeron los objetivos del trabajo. Se operaron 104 pacientes por padecer lesiones nodulares del tiroides, como forma de presentación clínica, en un período de 4 años (1987 a 1990). La punción aspirativa con aguja fina se realizó a cada paciente en el quirófano inmediatamente antes de ser operado. El material obtenido mediante ésta y las piezas quirúrgicas se diagnosticaron por patólogos diferentes. Se obtuvieron un total de 45 (43,2 porciento) lesiones quísticas; de ellas 12(27 porciento) resultaron malignas. La punción aspirativa con aguja fina demostró una sensibilidad de 83 porciento, una especificidad de 97 porciento, con valores predictivos positivos y negativos de 90 y 94 porcientorespectivamente. Las lesiones quísticas del tiroides pueden ser sitio de neoplasias malignas. Este tipo de lesiones no debe ser considerado siempre como sinónimo de benignidad (AU)