RESUMO
OBJETIVOS: 1) Determinar los niveles de ruido ambiental en dos unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) de un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel asistencial y 2) analizar si dichos valores cumplen con la normativa actual. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal llevado a cabo en dos UCIP con infraestructura diferente: boxes separados por cortinas y habitaciones individuales. Se empleó un sonómetro PCE-999 tipo 2 para determinar el ruido ambiental y la unidad de medida registrada fue en decibelios (dB). A la vez, se diseñó un documento de recogida de datos ad hoc diferenciando entre unidad (abierta y cerrada), hora de registro. RESULTADOS: Se recogió un total de 330 determinaciones, 72 en la UCIP abierta y 258 en la de habitaciones individuales. El ruido ambiental que imperaba en la unidad de críticos abierta fue de 56,74 ± 3,6 decibelios versus 50,36 ± 4,7 en la de boxes individuales, observándose valores mayores en el turno diurno. DISCUSIÓN: Tal como sucede en otros estudios previos, se observa que el ruido que impera en la unidad excede los límites permitidos. Además, se coincide con el hecho de que las principales fuentes de ruido ambiental de la UCI provienen de las alarmas, la maquinaria, como monitores o respiradores y las conversaciones entre profesionales sanitarios. CONCLUSIONES: Tras la presente investigación, se ha podido constatar que los niveles de ruido ambiental que imperan en las dos Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos analizadas son elevados. Los datos obtenidos apuntan a que la organización arquitectónica de concepto cerrado puede tener un impacto a la hora de disminuir la generación de dicho input medioambiental
AIMS: 1) To determine noise levels in two paediatric intensive care units (PICU) of a tertiary hospital and 2) to analyse whether these values comply with the current standards. METHOD: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out in two PICU with different infrastructure: bays separated by curtains and individual bedrooms. A PCE-999 sound level meter was used to determine noise levels, which were registered in decibels (dB). At the same time, an ad hoc data recording document was designed in which we differentiated between each unit (open concept or closed), time of recording. RESULTS: A total of 330 tests, 72 from open PICUs and 258 from closed PICUs were collected. The noise in the open PICU was 56.74 ± 3.61 decibels versus 50.36 ± 4.71 in the closed PICU, obtaining the highest levels during the morning. DISCUSSION: As it occurs in other studies, noise levels exceed the allowed limits. At the same time, the main sources of noise in the PICU came from alarms, medical equipment, such as monitors or respirators, and conversations between health professional. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation has shown high levels of environmental noise in the two PICUs analysed. The data obtained indicate that the architectural concept of individual bedrooms may have an impact in decreasing this environmental input
Assuntos
Humanos , Ruído Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Ruído , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica/organização & administração , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluição Ambiental/análiseRESUMO
AIMS: 1) To determine noise levels in two paediatric intensive care units (PICU) of a tertiary hospital and 2) to analyse whether these values comply with the current standards. METHOD: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out in two PICU with different infrastructure: bays separated by curtains and individual bedrooms. A PCE-999 sound level meter was used to determine noise levels, which were registered in decibels (dB). At the same time, an ad hoc data recording document was designed in which we differentiated between each unit (open concept or closed), time of recording. RESULTS: A total of 330 tests, 72 from open PICUs and 258 from closed PICUs were collected. The noise in the open PICU was 56.74 ± 3.61 decibels versus 50.36 ± 4.71 in the closed PICU, obtaining the highest levels during the morning. DISCUSSION: As it occurs in other studies, noise levels exceed the allowed limits. At the same time, the main sources of noise in the PICU came from alarms, medical equipment, such as monitors or respirators, and conversations between health professional. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation has shown high levels of environmental noise in the two PICUs analysed. The data obtained indicate that the architectural concept of individual bedrooms may have an impact in decreasing this environmental input.
RESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Transferência de Pacientes , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Indicadores de MorbimortalidadeAssuntos
Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Transporte de Pacientes , Pré-Escolar , Cuidados Críticos , Equipamentos e Provisões Hospitalares , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/instrumentação , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Masculino , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Transporte de Pacientes/métodos , Transporte de Pacientes/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
Introducción: Etimológicamente, el concepto de «confort» deriva de la palabra inglesa comfort y se refiere a todo aquello que produce comodidad y genera bienestar a la persona. Una de las personas que más ha estudiado en profundidad esta idea es la enfermera gerontológica Katherine Kolcaba, que la definió como la experiencia inmediata y holística de la persona de fortalecerse cuando se abordan las necesidades para tres tipos de confort: alivio, tranquilidad y trascendencia. Además, es importante tener en cuenta los contextos donde este confort se puede aplicar: físico, psicoespiritual, ambiental y social. Los preceptos teóricos de Katherine Kolcaba reafirman la idea de que las intervenciones de confort no suelen ser intervenciones técnicas, sino que complementan la asistencia clínica, a la vez que abogan por satisfacer las necesidades humanas básicas. En este sentido, la disciplina enfermera tiene un papel relevante. Discusión y conclusiones: Como consecuencia de este concepto de subjetividad, el confort es difícil de valorar y objetivar, por lo que, dentro de su determinación, se han de tener en consideración el empleo de diversos instrumentos objetivos validados como el Comfort Questionnaire, desarrollado por Katherine Kolcaba. El confort debe valorarse y considerarse desde una perspectiva humanística, holística, multidimensional e interdisciplinar resultado de las interacciones de la persona con percepciones, situaciones y objetos modificables a lo largo del tiempo y el espacio. Dentro de esta inclusión del confort en el cuidado del paciente, la enfermera juega un papel importante
Introduction: Etymologically, «comfort» concept is derived from English language and it refers to everything that produces ease and generates welfare. One of the most important people in the study of comfort from a nursing perspective was the gerontolist Katherine Kolcaba who defined it as the immediate holistic experience of being strengthened through addressing the three types of comfort: relief, ease, and transcendence. At the same time we should also consider the four contexts in which comfort can be attained: the physical, the psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental. Katherine Kolcaba theorical precepts reinforce the notion that comfort interventions are not related to technical interventions, but rather to clinical assistance, at the same time that it advocates for meeting basic human needs. Accordingly, nursing field has an important role. Discussion and conclusions: Comfort is a subjective concept that is very difficult to assess and objectify. Because of this subjectivity, comfort should be assessed using different tools like the comfort questionnaire developed by Katherine Kolcaba. Comfort, as a result of interactions between people, situations and objects developed over time, should be valued and considered from an humanistic, holistic, multidimensional and interdisciplinary perspective, in which the nurse plays an essential role