Can mindfulness-based interventions improve outcomes in cognitive-behavioural therapy for chronic insomnia disorder in the general population? Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the recommended first-line therapy for adults with chronic insomnia disorder (ID), which is characterized by hyperarousal. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are protocols aimed at stress reduction based on non-judgmental attention control in the present moment. However, MBIs have been increasingly used without a clear scientific basis. The objective of this analysis was to examine if MBIs could be useful as a component of the CBT-I therapeutic system through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRS) searched in PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane and WoS. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was the primary outcome, while the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a composite sleep variable (CSV) were secondary outcomes. Thirteen articles corresponding to nine studies (three pragmatic RCTs, three explanatory RCTs and three NRS) were included. The omnibus test found that MBIs had a small to medium effect size on ISI nearing signification when comparing active control groups in the pretest-posttest period [Δ = 0.44, p = 0.07], a medium, non-significant, effect size on PSQI [Δ = 0.52, p = 0.18], and a significant though small effect size on CSV [Δ = 0.05, p < 0.01]. No heterogeneity was found. The analysis could not demonstrate that MBIs, combined with CBT-I components in some studies, positively affected ID in the general adult population. This was probably due to the lack of pragmatic designs and suitable measuring instruments. Recommendations are made for designing further studies to address these issues.

Comparison of two brief mindfulness interventions for anxiety, stress and burnout in mental health professionals: a randomised crossover trial.

Background: Anxiety, stress and burnout are a growing reality among mental health professionals, impacting negatively on them and their clients. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating these sufferings. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge on the impact of MBIs in Cuba. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of two brief mindfulness-based interventions for reducing anxiety, work stress and burnout. Methods: A total of 104 mental health professionals from Havana (Cuba) participated in a randomised crossover trial. Group A received first an intervention involving body-centred practices (body scan and Hatha yoga) and a second intervention involving mind-centred practices (focused attention and open monitoring meditation). Group B received the same interventions but in reverse order. Four measures (anxiety, stress, burnout syndrome, and antecedents of burnout) were measured at baseline, posttest1, posttest2, and 6-months follow-up. Results: After the first intervention, there was a between-group difference for burnout syndrome, but the ES was similar for both groups. After the second intervention (implementing both practises), groups showed the largest effect sizes, and there was a between-group difference for antecedents of burnout. Results were partially maintained at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: These results suggest that mind-centred practises can be as effective as body-centred practises for stress, anxiety and burnout reduction. The combination of both types of practises could be the most effective way of teaching mindfulness. About the sequence of implementation, teaching mind-centred practises first and then body-centred practises could be most effective for reducing antecedents of burnout.Clinical Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT03296254.

Interactions between Personality and Types of Mindfulness Practice in Reducing Burnout in Mental Health Professionals.

Research on mindfulness-based interventions reports mainly on improvements at the group level. Thus, there is a need to elaborate on the individual differences in their effectiveness. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to examine which personality factors could influence burnout reduction associated with different types of mindfulness practice and (2) to evaluate the interaction between personality factors and the amount of home practice; both aims were controlled for sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 104 Cuban mental health professionals, who participated in a crossover trial, were included. The effect of personality (Cattell's 16 Personality Factors) was analyzed through regression analysis. First, the results revealed that Emotional Stability and Vigilance could negatively moderate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions. Second, participants who scored low in Sensitivity or Vigilance could benefit more from the body-centered practices (i.e., body scan and Hatha yoga practices), but no significant results for the mind-centered practices (i.e., classical meditation) were found. Third, participants who scored high in Self-reliance could benefit more from informal practice. Other personality factors did not appear to moderate the effect of the interventions, though previous experience in related techniques must be considered. Recommendations and clinical implications are discussed. Trial registration number is NCT03296254 (clinicaltrials.gov).

COVID-19 Symptom-Related Google Searches and Local COVID-19 Incidence in Spain: Correlational Study.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is one of the biggest pandemics in human history, along with other disease pandemics, such as the H1N1 influenza A, bubonic plague, and smallpox pandemics. This study is a small contribution that tries to find contrasted formulas to alleviate global suffering and guarantee a more manageable future. OBJECTIVE: In this study, a statistical approach was proposed to study the correlation between the incidence of COVID-19 in Spain and search data provided by Google Trends. METHODS: We assessed the linear correlation between Google Trends search data and the data provided by the National Center of Epidemiology in Spain-which is dependent on the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-regarding the number of COVID-19 cases reported with a certain time lag. These data enabled the identification of anticipatory patterns. RESULTS: In response to the ongoing outbreak, our results demonstrate that by using our correlation test, the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic can be predicted in Spain up to 11 days in advance. CONCLUSIONS: During the epidemic, Google Trends offers the possibility to preempt health care decisions in real time by tracking people's concerns through their search patterns. This can be of great help given the critical, if not dramatic need for complementary monitoring approaches that work on a population level and inform public health decisions in real time. This study of Google search patterns, which was motivated by the fears of individuals in the face of a pandemic, can be useful in anticipating the development of the pandemic.

Mindfulness-Based Interventions for People with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: There is increasing interest in the practice of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) to treat people with schizophrenia, as evidenced by the publication of different randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, no meta-analysis of RCTs has been carried out to date with the exclusive inclusion of this type of interventions. (2) Objective: To analyze empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of MBIs for the improvement of clinical parameters associated with schizophrenia. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of RCTs published in the databases PsycINFO, PubMed, WOS, and Cochrane Library. (3) Results: A total of 10 articles (n = 1094) fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the review. The analysis of these studies suggests that MBIs combined with standard interventions are able to generate significant improvements in a variety of clinical schizophrenia-related parameters, such as the intensity of overall symptomatology (g = 0.72), positive symptoms (g = 0.32), negative symptoms (g = 0.40), functioning level (g = 1.28), and awareness of illness (g = 0.65). (4) Conclusions: There is evidence that supports the effectiveness and safety of MBIs for the treatment of people with schizophrenia. The results obtained by MBIs are comparable to those obtained by cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis. However, given the heterogeneity of the applied interventions and the methodological limitations found in the reviewed trials, the results should be interpreted with caution.

Mindfulness versus Physical Exercise: Effects of Two Recovery Strategies on Mental Health, Stress and Immunoglobulin A during Lunch Breaks. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This research analyses the effects of mindfulness meditation (MM) and physical exercise (PE), practised as daily recovery activities during lunch breaks, on perceived stress, general mental health, and immunoglobin A (IgA). A three-armed randomized controlled trial with 94 employees was conducted for five weeks including two follow-up sessions after one and six months. Daily practice lasted 30 min maximum. Perceived stress and general mental health questionnaires and saliva samples were used. There were significant differences in time factor comparing pre- and post-test of Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) both for PE [Mdiff = 0.10, SE = 0.03, p = 0.03], and for MM [Mdiff = 0.09, SE = 0.03, p = 0.03]. Moreover, there were significant differences of interaction factor when comparing MM vs. PE in total score at pre-post [F = -2.62 (6, 168.84), p = 0.02, ω2 = 0.09], favoring PE with medium and high effect sizes. Regarding General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) variable, practicing MM showed significant effects in time factor compared to pre-Fup2. No significant differences were found for IgA. Thus, practicing both MM and PE as recovery strategies during lunch breaks could reduce perceived stress after five weeks of practice, with better results for PE. Moreover, practicing MM could improve mental health with effects for 6 months.

A mindfulness and compassion-based program applied to pregnant women and their partners to decrease depression symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy and the postpartum period are times of great change for women and their partners, often bringing substantial challenges and stress. Approximately 10%-20% of women suffer from mood disorders such as depression in the perinatal period. There are risks involved in using psychopharmacological interventions to treat perinatal depression. Mindfulness and compassion-based educational programs could be efficacious and cost-effective options for the prevention and treatment of perinatal mood disorders. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of an adapted Mindfulness-Based Childbirth and Parenting (MBCP) program that includes compassion training for pregnant women in primary care (PC) settings in the Spanish National Health System to decrease perinatal depression. METHODS: A multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted. Participants will be pregnant women (n = 122) and their partners who wish to participate. They will be enrolled and assessed in PC settings and randomly assigned to either: (1) an adapted MBCP educational program tailored to the Spanish National Health System + treatment as usual (TAU); or (2) TAU only. The main outcome to be assessed will be depression, evaluated with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Secondary outcomes will include self-reported measures of perceived stress, affects, mindfulness, self-compassion, maternal self-efficacy, and use of health and social services. Patients will be assessed at four timepoints: baseline; post-treatment; and at three and six months after childbirth. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be carried out using linear regression mixed models. Effect sizes will be estimated using Cohen's d. DISCUSSION: Perinatal depression is a significant health problem. An effective and low-cost childbirth education program that incorporates mindfulness and compassion practices may be a beneficial preventive complementary healthcare modality for expectant women and their partners. This study will be the first multicenter RCT in Spanish PC settings using adapted MBCP and compassion practices to reduce symptoms of depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03247491. Registered on 31 July 2017.

Binaural auditory beats affect long-term memory.

The presentation of two pure tones to each ear separately with a slight difference in their frequency results in the perception of a single tone that fluctuates in amplitude at a frequency that equals the difference of interaural frequencies. This perceptual phenomenon is known as binaural auditory beats, and it is thought to entrain electrocortical activity and enhance cognition functions such as attention and memory. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of binaural auditory beats on long-term memory. Participants (n = 32) were kept blind to the goal of the study and performed both the free recall and recognition tasks after being exposed to binaural auditory beats, either in the beta (20 Hz) or theta (5 Hz) frequency bands and white noise as a control condition. Exposure to beta-frequency binaural beats yielded a greater proportion of correctly recalled words and a higher sensitivity index d' in recognition tasks, while theta-frequency binaural-beat presentation lessened the number of correctly remembered words and the sensitivity index. On the other hand, we could not find differences in the conditional probability for recall given recognition between beta and theta frequencies and white noise, suggesting that the observed changes in recognition were due to the recollection component. These findings indicate that the presentation of binaural auditory beats can affect long-term memory both positively and negatively, depending on the frequency used.

Efficacy of binaural auditory beats in cognition, anxiety, and pain perception: a meta-analysis.

Binaural auditory beats are a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when presenting separately to each ear two tones that slightly differ in their frequency. It has been suggested that binaural beats can influence cognition and mental states among others. The objective of this meta-analysis was to study the effect of binaural beats on memory, attention, anxiety, and analgesia. Twenty-two studies met our inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. The results, based on 35 effect sizes, showed an overall medium, significant, consistent effect size (g = 0.45). Meta-regression results indicated that it does not seem to be necessary to mask binaural beats with white noise or pink noise in terms of effectiveness, obtaining similar effects with unmasked binaural beats. Moreover, the findings suggest that binaural-beat exposure before, and before and during the task produces superior results than exposure during the task. Time under exposure contributed significantly to the model indicating that longer periods are advisable to ensure maximum effectiveness. Our meta-analysis adds to the growing evidence that binaural-beat exposure is an effective way to affect cognition over and above reducing anxiety levels and the perception of pain without prior training, and that the direction and the magnitude of the effect depends upon the frequency used, time under exposure, and the moment in which the exposure takes place.

Perceived parental child rearing and attachment as predictors of anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms in children: The mediational role of attachment.

The present study aimed to examine (a) the relative contribution of perceived parental child-rearing behaviors and attachment on anxiety and depressive symptoms, and (b) the role of attachment as a possible mediator of the association between parental rearing and anxiety and depression. A sample of 1002 children (aged 9-12 years) completed a booklet of self-report questionnaires measuring parental rearing behaviors, attachment towards peers, and DSM anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms. We found that parental aversiveness, parental neglect, and fearful/preoccupied attachment, each accounted for a significant amount of the variance in both anxiety and depressive symptoms. In addition, parental overcontrol was found to account for unique variance in anxiety whereas communication/warmth accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in depression. A relevant finding was that fearful/preoccupied attachment was found to mediate the association between parental rearing behaviors and both anxiety and depression. Parental rearing behaviors and attachment to peers may act as risk factors to the development and/or maintenance of anxiety and depressive symptomatology in children. Findings may contribute to outline preventive and/or treatment programs to prevent or reduce both clinical anxiety and depression during childhood.

Dimensiones de sensibilidad al asco y predicción diferencial de los síntomas del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo / Domains of disgust differentially predict types of obsessive-compulsive symptoms

El presente estudio examina la asociación entre las dimensiones del asco y los síntomas del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo en una muestra no clínica (N = 580; el 73,3% eran mujeres) (media de edad = 36,9; DT = 9,3). Se evaluaron las siguientes dimensiones de sensibilidad al asco: higiene, moral, sexual, trasgresión corporal, pequeños animales, y deterioro/enfermedad. Los análisis de regresión revelan que el asco predice de forma significativa los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos en general, incluso controlando el efecto del afecto negativo y la sensibilidad a la ansiedad. Más aún, basándonos en los análisis de regresión encontramos patrones diferenciales de predicción entre las dimensiones del asco y los tipos de síntomas. La dimensión de higiene resultó ser un fuerte predictor de las obsesiones de contaminación y las compulsiones de limpieza. Discutimos la implicación de estos resultados sobre las relaciones diferenciales entre los tipos de asco y los tipos de síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos

The present study examines the association between disgust domains and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms in a nonclinical sample (N = 580; 73.3% women) (age mean = 36.9; SD = 9.3). The following domains of disgust were assessed: hygiene, moral, sexual, body envelope violation, small animals, and deterioration/disease. Regression analyses revealed that disgust significantly predicted overall obsessive-compulsive symptoms even after controlling for negative affect and anxiety sensitivity. Furthermore, based on regression analyses, differential patterns of specific predictions were found between disgust domains and types of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The hygiene dimension of disgust was a strong predictor of contamination obsessions and washing compulsions. The possible implications of these findings concerning differential relationships between kinds of disgust and types of obsessive-compulsive symptoms are discusse

Lack of pattern of birth in patients with bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: An excess of bulimia nervosa (BN) births during the fall has been recently reported, but this finding has not been yet adequately replicated. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the presence of a seasonal birth pattern in a representative clinical sample of women with BN. METHOD: We registered the month of birth of 216 female patients who fulfilled all the criteria for BN according to DSM-IV on admission to a specialized eating disorders service in Spain. RESULTS: Our analyses showed no significant variation in the season of birth of our BN sample when compared to a general population. DISCUSSION: Our data do not support the hypothesis of a season of birth bias in BN.

A factor confirmation and convergent validity of the "areas of worklife scale" (AWS) to Spanish translation.

BACKGROUND: Perceived incongruity between the individual and the job on work-life areas such as workload, control, reward, fairness, community and values have implications for the dimensions of burnout syndrome. The "Areas of Work-life Scale" (AWS) is a practical instrument to measure employees´ perceptions of their work environments. AIMS: Validate a Spanish translation of the AWS, and it relationship with Masclach Burnout Inventory dimensions. METHODS: The study was conducted in three medium-sized hospitals and seven rural and urban Primary Care centres (N = 871) in Spain. The "Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey" (MBI-GS) and AWS were applied. We developed a complete psychometric analysis of its reliability, and validity. RESULTS: Data on the reliability supported a good internal consistency (Cronbach α between .71, and .85). Construct validity was confirmed by a six factor model of the AWS as a good measure of work environments (χ²(352) = 806.21, p < 0.001; χ²/df = 2.29; CFI = 0.935, RMSEA = 0.039); concurrent validity was analysed for its relationship with other measures (opposing dimensions to burnout, and MBI), and each correlation between dimensions and sub-dimensions were statistically significant; as well, predictive validity, by a series of Multiple Regression Analysis examined the resulting patterns of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirms the relationship between the work-life areas and burnout dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: Leiter and Maslach's AWS has been an important instrument in exploring several work-life factors that contribute to burnout. This scale can now be used to assess the quality of work-life in order to design and assess the need for intervention programs in Spanish-speaking countries.

The role of aggressions suffered by healthcare workers as predictors of burnout.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of aggression against healthcare professionals and to determine the possible impact that violent episodes have on healthcare professionals in terms of loss of enthusiasm and involvement towards work. The objective was to analyse the percentage of occupational assault against professionals' aggression in different types of healthcare services, differentiating between physical and verbal aggression as a possible variable in detecting burnout in doctors and nursing professionals. BACKGROUND: Leiter and Maslach have explored a double process model of burnout not only based on exhaustion by overload, but also based on personal and organisational value conflicts (community, rewards or values). Moreover, Whittington has obtained conclusive results about the possible relationship between violence and burnout in mental health nurses. DESIGN: A retrospective study was performed in three hospitals and 22 primary care centres in Spain (n = 1·826). METHODS: Through different questionnaires, we have explored the relationship between aggression suffered by healthcare workers and burnout. RESULTS: Eleven percent of respondents had been physically assaulted on at least one occasion, whilst 34·4% had suffered threats and intimidation on at least one occasion and 36·6% had been subjected to insults. Both forms of violence, physical and non-physical aggression, showed significant correlations with symptoms of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and inefficacy). CONCLUSIONS: The survey showed evidence of a double process: (1) by which excess workload helps predict burnout, and (2) by which a mismatch in the congruence of values, or interpersonal conflict, contributes in a meaningful way to each of the dimensions of burnout, adding overhead to the process of exhaustion-cynicism-lack of realisation. Relevance to clinical practice. Studies indicate that health professionals are some of the most exposed to disorders steaming from psychosocial risks and a high comorbidity: anxiety, depression, etc. There is a clear need for accurate instruments of evaluation to detect not only the burnout but also the areas that cause it. Professional exhaustion caused by aggression or other factors can reflect a deterioration in the healthcare relationship.

Absence of seasonal pattern of birth in patients with anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: An excess of spring births has been suggested in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), especially in the restricting subtype, but most of the research has been carried out inside the United Kingdom. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is a seasonal pattern of birth in a representative sample of patients with AN in a different latitude in the northern hemisphere. METHOD: We examined the month of birth in a sample of 210 female patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of AN at first presentation to a specialized eating disorders service in Spain. RESULTS: We found no evidence of significant variation in month or season of birth in AN when compared to general population. DISCUSSION: There is not enough evidence of a season of birth bias under the latitude of the United Kingdom in the risk of developing AN.

Different psychological profiles in non-cardiac chest pain and coronary artery disease: a controlled study.

The objective of the study was to identify clinical characteristics that enable non-cardiac chest pain to be differentiated from coronary artery disease. An observational case-control study was carried out in 40 patients with non-cardiac chest pain and a control group of 40 patients with coronary artery disease. Sociodemographic, medical and psychological variables were assessed. There was no difference in personality except in "emotional control", which was less in patients with non-cardiac chest pain. These patients had greater alexithymia and more frequently used coping strategies, such as religion and seeking medical help. Multivariate analysis showed that a predictive model comprising four variables (i.e., alexithymia, quality of life, and coping based on religion and seeking medical help) had a sensitivity of 85.4% and a specificity of 80.0%. This predictive model could be used as a screening test to discriminate between the two conditions.

Perfil psicológico diferencial entre dolor torácico de causa no cardiológica y enfermedad coronaria: un estudio controlado / Different psychological profiles in non-cardiac chest pain and coronary artery disease: a controlled study

El objetivo del trabajo es identificar variables que permitan diferenciar el dolor torácico de causa no cardiológica (DTCNC) de la enfermedad coronaria (EC). Se realizó un estudio observacional, de casos (pacientes con DTCNC, n = 40) y controles (pacientes con EC, n = 40). Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, médicas y psicológicas. No existían diferencias en personalidad, excepto en el rasgo «control emocional», menor en DTCNC. Estos enfermos presentaron mayor alexitimia y empleaban más frecuentemente dos estrategias de afrontamiento: la religión y la búsqueda de ayuda médica. Cuando se realizó un análisis multivariable, el modelo compuesto por las siguientes cuatro variables: alexitimia, calidad de vida y afrontamientos basados en la religión y en la búsqueda de ayuda médica muestra una sensibilidad del 85,4% y una especificidad del 80%. Este modelo predictivo podría emplearse como test de screening para diferenciar ambos trastornos (AU)

The objective of the study was to identify clinical characteristics that enable non-cardiac chest pain to be differentiated from coronary artery disease. An observational case-control study was carried out in 40 patients with non-cardiac chest pain and a control group of 40 patients with coronary artery disease. Sociodemographic, medical and psychological variables were assessed. There was no difference in personality except in «emotional control», which was less in patients with non-cardiac chest pain. These patients had greater alexithymia and more frequently used coping strategies, such as religion and seeking medical help. Multivariate analysis showed that a predictive model comprising four variables (i.e., alexithymia, quality of life, and coping based on religion and seeking medical help) had a sensitivity of 85.4% and a specificity of 80.0%. This predictive model could be used as a screening test to discriminate between the two conditions (AU)

SA-45: forma abreviada del SCL-90 / SA-45: A brief form of the SCL-90

El Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45) es un instrumento de autoinforme de síntomas psicopatológicos de 45 ítems derivado del SCL-90. Consiste en nueve escalas de 5 ítems cada una que evalúan las mismas dimensiones que el SCL-90, si bien minimizando el solapamiento entre las dimensiones. El presente artículo aporta datos sobre la validación preliminar de la versión española del cuestionario en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. Análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios apoyan una estructura de 9 factores que corresponden a las 9 escalas propuestas. También se aportan datos normativos, y evidencia sobre la fiabilidad (consistencia interna) y validez del cuestionario (AU)

The Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45) is a 45-item self-report instrument of psychiatric symptomatology derived from the original SCL-90. The SA-45 consists of nine 5-item scales assessing each of the same symptom domains as its parent instrument with no item overlap across domains. This paper provides preliminary validation of the Spanish version of the questionnaire in an undergraduate sample. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a 9-factor structure, which corresponds to the nine proposed scales. Normative data, reliability (internal consistency) and validity were also examined, finding support for sound psychometric properties (AU)

[SA-45: a brief form of the SCL-90]. / SA-45: forma abreviada del SCL-90.

The Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45) is a 45-item self-report instrument of psychiatric symptomatology derived from the original SCL-90. The SA-45 consists of nine 5-item scales assessing each of the same symptom domains as its parent instrument with no item overlap across domains. This paper provides preliminary validation of the Spanish version of the questionnaire in an undergraduate sample. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a 9-factor structure, which corresponds to the nine proposed scales. Normative data, reliability (internal consistency) and validity were also examined, finding support for sound psychometric properties.

Propiedades psicométricas del índice de sensibilidad a la ansiedad / Psychometric properties of the anxiety sensitivity index

Actualmente se considera que la sensibilidad a la ansiedad constituye un factor de riesgo importante para desarrollar trastornos de ansiedad. En el presente estudio se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del Índice de Sensibilidad a la Ansiedad (ASI, Anxiety Sensitivity Index; Peterson y Reiss, 1992; Sandín et al., 2004). Se aplicó la ASI junto a otras pruebas de ansiedad, depresión y variables relacionadas a una muestra de 726 estudiantes universitarios (18-34 años). El análisis de laASI se efectuó tanto a nivel de escala total como a nivel de las tres subescalas (somática, cognitiva y social). En el estudio se proporcionan datos normativos sobre la ASI, los cuales indican que las mujeres puntuaban más elevado que los varones, excepto en la subescala social. En general, la escala poseebuenas propiedades psicométricas, tanto respecto a la fiabilidad como a la validez (AU)

The present study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI; Peterson y Reiss, 1992; Sandín et al., 2004). The anxiety sensitivity is considered as a strong risk factor for anxiety pathology. A sample of 726 university students (ranging in age from 18 to 34 years) completed a psychometric assessment package that included the ASI and measures of fears, anxiety, depression and related constructs. It was analyzed at the level of the total scale and at the level of the ASI subscales (Physical Concerns, Cognitive Concerns, and Social Concerns). Normative ASI data are provided and suggest that females scored higher than males on ASI scores except on the social concerns subscale. The ASI is shown to have sound psychometric properties for both reliability and validity (AU)