Breast cancer survival in India across 11 geographic areas under the National Cancer Registry Programme.

BACKGROUND: Population-based cancer survival is a key indicator for assessing the effectiveness of cancer control by a health care system in a specific geographic area. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in India, accounting for over one quarter of all female cancers. The objective of this study was to estimate the 5-year survival of female patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2012 and 2015 from the existing Population-Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs) in India. METHODS: In total, 17,331 patients who had breast cancer diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 from 11 PBCRs were followed until June 30, 2021. Active methods were used to track the vital status of registered breast cancer cases. The study conducted survival analysis by calculating the difference between the date of first diagnosis and the date of death or censoring to estimate observed survival and relative survival using the actuarial survival approach and the Ederer-II approach, respectively. RESULTS: The 5-year age-standardized relative survival (95% confidence interval [CI]) of patients with breast cancer was 66.4% (95% CI, 65.5%-67.3%). Mizoram (74.9%; 95% CI, 68.1%-80.8%), Ahmedabad urban (72.7%; 95% CI, 70.3%-74.9%), Kollam (71.5%; 95% CI, 69.2%-73.6%), and Thiruvananthapuram (69.1%; 95% CI, 67.0%-71.2%) had higher survival rates than the national average. Conversely, Pasighat had the lowest survival rate (41.9%; 95% CI, 14.7%-68.6%). The 5-year observed survival rates for localized, regional, and distant metastasis in the pooled PBCRs were 81.0%, 65.5%, and 18.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The overall disparity in survival rates was observed across 11 PBCRs, with lower survival rates reported in Manipur, Tripura, and Pasighat. Therefore, it is imperative to implement comprehensive cancer control strategies widely throughout the country.

Need for accelerating tobacco control in India: findings from the national cancer registry programme.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of cancer in sites associated with tobacco use in India, according to recent findings from the National Cancer Registry Programme. METHODS: The data on cancers in sites associated with tobacco use has been sourced from 28 population-based and 58 hospital-based cancer registries of the National Cancer Registry Programme in India. The data covering a period of 5 years (2012-2016) was taken up for analysis. RESULTS: The highest age-adjusted incidence rate (AAR) among males was reported in the Aizawl district in Mizoram (197.3 per 100 000). The AAR was the highest (121.1 per 100 000) in the Papumpare district in females. The top five leading sites were cancers of the lung (10.7%), mouth (8.7%), oesophagus (6%), tongue (6%) and stomach (5%) among males and cancer of the cervix (10.3%), lung (4.3%), oesophagus (3.3%), mouth (3.3%) and tongue (2.7%) in females. The highest significant increase in AAR, indicated by the annual percentage change was seen among males in Aurangabad (3.4) and females in Kamrup urban (2.4). Except for lung cancer, most patients with other cancer types among both genders presented to the health facility with a locoregional (spread to nearby lymph nodes) disease spread. It is projected that in 2025, there will be 694367 cases of cancers in the sites associated with tobacco use. CONCLUSION: Tobacco uses in either form and cancer in sites associated with tobacco use are an important matter of public health concern in India. Cancer registries play a crucial role in identifying populations with high cancer incidence in sites associated with tobacco use, monitoring the trends over time, and evaluating the impact of tobacco control measures.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Results from National Cancer Registry Programme, India.

PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the incidence, histology, clinical extent of disease, and trends of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in India. METHODS: GI cancer cases diagnosed between 2012-2016 from 28 Population-Based Cancer Registries and 58 Hospital Based Cancer Registries under the National Cancer Registry Programme were included. Crude incidence rate and age-standardized incidence rates (AARs) were calculated. Joinpoint regression program, 4.0.1 was used for trend analysis for data from 1982 to 2016, and a P-value of <<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: GI cancers' occurrence was more common among men (60.5%) than in women (39.5%). The incidence of GI cancer was highest in India's northeast region, Aizawl district (AAR 126.9) among males, and in Papumpare district (AAR 75.9) among females. The commonest cancer among men was cancer of the esophagus (28.2%), followed by stomach cancer (21%) and rectum cancer (14.3%). Among women, cancer of the esophagus (25.7%), gallbladder (23.8%), stomach (14.8%), and rectum (14.6%) were common. Adenocarcinoma (57.83%) was the commonest type of GI tumors, followed by Squamous Cell neoplasms (25.99%). Majority of the GI cancers presented at the locoregional stage, but cancer of the gall bladder and pancreas presented at advanced stages. A rising trend for cancers of the colon, rectum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas was seen, while a declining trend was observed for stomach and oesophageal cancer. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights an increasing magnitude of GI cancers across different regions of India. Cancer registries form an essential tool for surveillance of GI cancers thus guiding prevention, early detection, and control programs.

Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report From National Cancer Registry Programme, India.

PURPOSE: The systematic collection of data on cancer is being performed by various population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) and hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs) across India under the National Cancer Registry Programme-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research of Indian Council of Medical Research since 1982. METHODS: This study examined the cancer incidence, patterns, trends, projections, and mortality from 28 PBCRs and also the stage at presentation and type of treatment of patients with cancer from 58 HBCRs (N = 667,666) from the pooled analysis for the composite period 2012-2016. Time trends in cancer incidence rate were generated as annual percent change from 16 PBCRs (those with a minimum of 10 years of continuous good data available) using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS: Aizawl district (269.4) and Papumpare district (219.8) had the highest age-adjusted incidence rates among males and females, respectively. The projected number of patients with cancer in India is 1,392,179 for the year 2020, and the common 5 leading sites are breast, lung, mouth, cervix uteri, and tongue. Trends in cancer incidence rate showed an increase in all sites of cancer in both sexes and were high in Kamrup urban (annual percent change, 3.8%; P < .05). The majority of the patients with cancer were diagnosed at the locally advanced stage for breast (57.0%), cervix uteri (60.0%), head and neck (66.6%), and stomach (50.8%) cancer, whereas in lung cancer, distant metastasis was predominant among males (44.0%) and females (47.6%). CONCLUSION: This study provides a framework for assessing the status and trends of cancer in India. It shall guide appropriate support for action to strengthen efforts to improve cancer prevention and control to achieve the national noncommunicable disease targets and the sustainable development goals.