Refractive changes associated with oculoplastic surgeries: A scoping review.

PURPOSE: To carry out a comprehensive critical review of the peer-reviewed literature on the refractive changes associated with oculoplastic surgeries. METHODS: This review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) statement recommendations. Following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were selected for the current scoping review. Each of them was analyzed carefully and their risk of bias was assessed with the Quality Assessment Tool for case Series Studies from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. RESULTS: Data of 1428 eyes from 1051 patients were analyzed. All studies were case series. Regarding the oculoplastic pathologies, five articles focused on dermatochalasis, four on chalazion, five on ptosis and six on congenital ptosis. Most articles did not report changes in the spherical equivalent (SE), astigmatism changes of less than 0.5 diopters (D), changes in astigmatism axis of less than 11 degrees and changes in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of less than 0.06 logMAR. Out of the 20 articles reviewed, 6 achieved a risk of bias score between 6 and 8, representing a low level of evidence and highlighting the limitations in the study design. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of this study, there is no evidence to suggest clinically significant refractive changes following oculoplastic surgeries. The most notable changes may occur after surgery for severe ptosis; however, further research is needed to confirm this observation.

Standardized clinical evaluation of dry anophthalmic socket syndrome in a real-world approach.

PURPOSE: To assess which signs and eye prosthesis care habits are related to subjective discomfort in patients with dry anophthalmic socket syndrome (DASS), using standardized tools from daily practice. METHODS: 62 anophthalmic sockets were compared with their healthy fellow eye using the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) score. The correlations between SPEED questionnaire and the prosthesis care, discharge characteristics score, conjunctival inflammation score, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) scores and Schirmer I test were studied. RESULT: The anophthalmic sockets group achieved a higher SPEED test score (p < 0.01), discharge score (p < 0.01), conjunctival inflammation score (p < 0.01), MGD scores (p < 0.01) and lower Schirmer I test (p < 0.01) compared with their fellow, healthy eye. Patients with a prosthesis replacement of one year or less, those with a current fit time of one year or less and those with a cleaning frequency above one month reported better SPEED, (p < 0.01), conjunctiva inflammation (p < 0.01) and MGD scores (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Most anophthalmic patients suffer mild to severe DASS, which seems related to discharge, conjunctival inflammation and MGD. Moreover, certain practices related to the care of the prosthesis such as replacing with a frequency lower than yearly, current fitting time inferior to one year and a removing and cleaning regime above one month, were related to a lower discomfort sensation, conjunctival inflammation and MGD. Clinicians should consider the DASS when facing patients with anophthalmic socket and discomfort symptoms.