Production of exopolysaccharide from Klebsiella oxytoca: Rheological, emulsifying, biotechnological properties, and bioremediation applications.

Bacteria can synthesize a broad spectrum of multifunctional polysaccharides including extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). Bacterial EPS can be utilized in the food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical areas owing to their physical and rheological properties in addition to generally presenting low toxicity. From an ecological viewpoint, EPS are biodegradable and environment compatible, offering several advantages over synthetic compounds. This study investigated the EPS produced by Klebsiella oxytoca (KO-EPS) by chemically characterizing and evaluating its properties. The monosaccharide components of the KO-EPS were determined by HPLC coupled with a refractive index detector and GC-MS. The KO-EPS was then analyzed by methylation analysis, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy to give a potential primary structure. KO-EPS demonstrated the ability to stabilize hydrophilic emulsions with various hydrophobic compounds, including hydrocarbons and vegetable and mineral oils. In terms of iron chelation capacity, the KO-EPS could sequester 41.9 % and 34.1 % of the most common iron states, Fe2+ and Fe3+, respectively. Moreover, KO-EPS exhibited an improvement in the viscosity of aqueous dispersion, being proportional to the increase in its concentration and presenting a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic flow behavior. KO-EPS also did not present a cytotoxic effect indicating that the KO-EPS could have potential applications as a natural thickener, bioemulsifier, and bioremediation agent.

Linalool-rich rosewood essential oil (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) mitigates emotional and neurochemical impairments induced by ethanol binge-like exposure during adolescence in female rats.

Linalool-rich Rosewood oil (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is a natural compound widely used in perfumery industry. Evidence suggests that linalool exerts antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Conversely, ethanol binge drinking (i.e., intermittent and episodic consumption) during adolescence elicits neurobehavioral alterations associated with brain damage. Here, we investigated whether linalool-rich Rosewood oil administration can improve the emotional and molecular impairments associated with ethanol binge-like exposure during adolescence in female rats. Rosewood oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and posteriorly analyzed. Adolescent female Wistar rats received four-cycles of ethanol binge-like pattern (3 g/kg/day, 3 days on/4 days off) and daily Rosewood oil (35 mg/kg, intranasally) for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after treatments, it was evaluated the impact of ethanol exposure and Rosewood oil treatment on the putative emotional impairments assessed on the splash and forced swimming tests, as well as the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), S100B, oxidative parameters, and inflammatory cytokines in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results indicated that Rosewood oil intranasal administration mitigated emotional impairments induced by ethanol exposure accompanied by a marked increase in BDNF, S100B, glutathione (GSH), and antioxidant activity equivalent to Trolox (TEAC) levels in brain areas. Rosewood oil treatment also prevented the ethanol-induced increase of interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels. These findings provide the first evidence that Rosewood oil intranasal administration exerts protective effects against emotional and molecular impairments associated with adolescent ethanol binge-like exposure, possibly due to linalool actions triggering neurotrophic factors, rebalancing antioxidant status, and attenuating proinflammatory process.

High Expression of THY1 in Intestinal Gastric Cancer as a Key Factor in Tumor Biology: A Poor Prognosis-Independent Marker Related to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Profile.

Gastric cancer (GC) is an important cancer-related death worldwide. Among its histological subtypes, intestinal gastric cancer (IGC) is the most common. A previous work showed that increased expression of the THY1 gene was associated with poor overall survival in IGC. Furthermore, it was shown that IGC tumor cells with high expression of THY1 have a greater capacity for tumorigenesis and metastasis in vitro. This study aimed to identify molecular differences between IGC with high and low expression of THY1. Using a feature selection method, a group of 35 genes were found to be the most informative gene set for THY1high IGC tumors. Through a classification model, these genes differentiate THY1high from THY1low tumors with 100% of accuracy both in the test subset and the independent test set. Additionally, this group of 35 genes correctly clustered 100% of the samples. An extensive validation of this potential molecular signature in multiple cohorts successfully segregated between THY1high and THY1low IGC tumors (>95%), proving to be independent of the gene expression quantification methodology. These genes are involved in central processes to tumor biology, such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and remodeling of the tumor tissue composition. Moreover, patients with THY1high IGC demonstrated poor survival and a more advanced clinicopathological staging. Our findings revealed a molecular signature for IGC with high THY1 expression. This signature showed EMT and remodeling of the tumor tissue composition potentially related to the biology of IGC. Altogether, our results indicate that THY1high IGC tumors are a particular subset of tumors with a specific molecular and prognosis profile.

Cuidar de pessoas em paliação: o olhar do familiar cuidador / Caring for people undergoing palliation: the look of the family caregiver / Cuidar a personas en paliación: la mirada del cuidador familiar

Objetivo: Compreender a visão do familiar ao assumir o papel de cuidador de um ente em paliação. Método: Estudo exploratório e descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 27 familiares cuidadores de pacientes com diagnóstico oncológico acompanhados num ambulatório de uma cidade de grande porte no estado de Pernambuco. Os dados foram coletados usando a entrevista semiestruturada e organizados no Software IRaMuTeQ®, considerando a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, possibilitando assim a sua análise e discussão à luz da Teoria de Enfermagem Humanística. Resultados: Foi possível inferir que os familiares têm conhecimento sobre o diagnóstico de câncer; conhecem os riscos da doença e tratamento e, demonstram resiliência e altruísmo ao prestar os cuidados com amor e afeto. Reconhecem que para uma boa adesão ao tratamento, paciente e família precisam se sentirem acolhidos por toda equipe, com ênfase na equipe de enfermagem. Considerações finais: Possibilita refletir sobre a importância do familiar no processo de tratamento, e aponta para a necessidade de que a equipe esclareça sobre as mudanças que este familiar enfrentará no processo de cuidar, assim como de que seja dada visibilidade ao que são os cuidados paliativos, de modo a proporcional alívio ao sofrimento do paciente e família.

Objective: To understand the view of the family member when assuming the role of caregiver of a person undergoing palliation. Method: Exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out with 27 family caregivers of patients with an oncological diagnosis followed at an outpatient clinic in a large city in the state of Pernambuco. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and organized in the IRaMuTeQ® Software, considering Bardin's Content Analysis Technique, thus enabling its analysis and discussion in the light of the Humanistic Nursing Theory. Results: It was possible to infer that family members are aware of the cancer diagnosis; they know the risks of the disease and treatment and demonstrate resilience and altruism when providing care with love and affection. They recognize that for good adherence to treatment, the patient and family need to feel welcomed by the entire team, with an emphasis on the nursing team. Final considerations: It makes it possible to reflect on the importance of the family member in the treatment process, and points to the need for the team to clarify the changes that this family member will face in the care process, as well as to give visibility to what palliative care is, in order to provide relief in the suffering of the patient and family.

Objetivo Comprender la mirada del familiar al asumir el rol de cuidador de una persona en paliación. Método: Estudio exploratorio y descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, realizado con 27 cuidadores familiares de pacientes con diagnóstico oncológico seguidos en un ambulatorio de una gran ciudad del estado de Pernambuco. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevista semiestructurada y organizados en el Software IRaMuTeQ®, considerando la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido de Bardin, posibilitando así su análisis y discusión a la luz de la Teoría Humanística de Enfermería. Resultados: Se pudo inferir que los familiares conocen el diagnóstico de cáncer; conocen los riesgos de la enfermedad y el tratamiento y demuestran resiliencia y altruismo al brindar atención con amor y afecto. Reconocen que para una buena adherencia al tratamiento, el paciente y la familia necesitan sentirse acogidos por todo el equipo, con énfasis en el equipo de enfermería. Consideraciones finales: Permite reflexionar sobre la importancia del familiar en el proceso de tratamiento, y apunta la necesidad de que el equipo aclare los cambios que este familiar enfrentará en el proceso de cuidado, así como dar visibilidad a lo que son los cuidados paliativos, con el fin de brindar alivio en el sufrimiento del paciente y su familia.

Internet searches for Invisalign® orthodontic aligner: an infodemiological study using google trends tool / Buscas na internet sobre alinhador orodôntico Invisalign®: um estudo infodemiológico usando ferramenta google trends

Aim: to evaluate the internet searches for Invisalign® in Brazil and worldwide between 2018 and 2021, using the Google Trends tool. Methods: An infodemiological study was carried out. The relative search volume (RSV) for the term "invisalign" in Google platform was retrieved for each year of study, both in Brazil and worldwide, using a standard procedure. Results and Conclusion: Both in Brazil and worldwide, there was a statistically significant increase in RSV between 2018 and 2021 (all p <0.05), indicating progressively more interest in Invisalign® clear aligner on the internet.

Objetivo: avaliar as buscas na internet por Invisalign® no Brasil e no mundo entre 2018 e 2021, utilizando a ferramenta Google Trends. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo infodemiológico. O volume relativo de busca (RSV) para o termo "invisalign" na plataforma Google foi recuperado para cada ano de estudo, tanto no Brasil quanto no mundo, utilizando um procedimento padrão. Resultados e Conclusão: Tanto no Brasil quanto no mundo, houve um aumento estatisticamente significativo do RSV entre 2018 e 2021 (todos p <0.05), indicando progressivamente mais interesse pelo alinhador transparente Invisalign® na internet.

Effects of essential oils on native and recombinant acetylcholinesterases of Rhipicephalus microplus / Efeito de óleos essenciais sobre acetilcolinesterases nativa e recombinante de Rhipicephalus microplus

Abstract This study reports the action of essential oils (EO) from five plants on the activity of native and recombinant acetylcholinesterases (AChE) from Rhipicephalus microplus. Enzyme activity of native susceptible AChE extract (S.AChE), native resistant AChE extract (R.AChE), and recombinant enzyme (rBmAChE1) was determined. An acetylcholinesterase inhibition test was used to verify the effect of the EO on enzyme activity. EO from Eucalyptus globulus, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus aurantium var.dulcis inhibited the activity of S.AChE and R.AChE. Oils from the two Citrus species inhibited S.AChE and R.AChE in a similar way while showing greater inhibition on R.AChE. The oil from E. globulus inhibited native AChE, but no difference was observed between the S.AChE and R.AChE; however, 71% inhibition for the rBmAChE1 was recorded. Mentha piperita oil also inhibited S.AChE and R.AChE, but there was significant inhibition at the highest concentration tested. Cymbopogon winterianus oil did not inhibit AChE. Further studies are warranted with the oils from the two Citrus species that inhibited R.AChE because of the problem with R. microplus resistant to organophosphates, which target AChE. C. winterianus oil can be used against R. microplus populations that are resistant to organophosphates because its acaricidal properties act by mechanism(s) other than AChE inhibition.

Resumo Este estudo relata a ação de óleos essenciais de cinco plantas na atividade de acetilcolinesterases (AChE) nativas e recombinantes de Rhipicephalus microplus. A atividade enzimática do extrato de acetilcolinesterase nativa suscetível (S.AChE) e resistente (R.AChE) e da enzima recombinante (rBmAChE1) foi determinada. Um teste de inibição da AChE foi utilizado, para verificar o efeito dos óleos essenciais sobre a atividade enzimática. Óleos essenciais de Eucalyptus globulus, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus aurantium var. dulcis inibiram a atividade de S.AChE e R.AChE. Os óleos das duas espécies de Citrus inibiram S.AChE e R.AChE de maneira semelhante, mas mostraram maior inibição sobre R.AChE. O óleo de E. globulus inibiu a AChE nativa, mas sem diferença entre a S.AChE e a R.AChE; no entanto, 71% de inibição para rBmAChE1 foi observada. O óleo de Mentha piperita também inibiu S.AChE e R.AChE, mas houve inibição significativa apenas nas concentrações mais altas testadas. O óleo de Cymbopogon winterianus não inibiu a AChE. Estudos adicionais são necessários com os óleos das duas espécies de Citrus que inibiram a R.AchE, devido ao problema de R. microplus resistente aos organofosforados ter como alvo AChE. O óleo de C. winterianus pode ser usado contra populações de R. microplus, que são resistentes a organofosforados, porque suas propriedades acaricidas agem por mecanismos diferentes.

Limonoid detection and profile in callus culture of sweet orange

Plant tissue culture has emerged as an important tool to produce bioactive compounds from various plant species, including the sustainable production of limonoids that are receiving considerable attention due to the benefits associated with human health such as anticancer activities. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of limonoids aglycone production from callus culture from sweet orange cv. Pera (Citrus sinensis) seeds and identify the compounds produced in this cell line. Callus induction occurred in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D), malt extract, agar and coconut water. For the analysis and identification of the limonoids, CG-MS-EI ion-positive mode and UPLC-QTOF-ESI were used operating in positive and negative mode. An intense peak corresponding to limonin appeared in the callus extracts at a retention time of 58.1 min. in CG-MS-EI and four major limonoids aglycone by positive ion mode UPLC-QTOF-ESI: limonin, nomilin, deacetylnomilin, and nomilinic acid. The culture medium was efficient at the bioproduction of limonoids aglycone in callus cultures of C. sinensis seeds. Therefore, data obtained from UPLC-QTOF-ESI proved its importance at identifying new compounds that benefit human health, and may assist future work in the identification of known or new limonoids in Citrus species and related genera.

A influência do eugenol na microdureza de duas resinas compostas comerciais / The influence of eugenol on the microhardness of two commercial composite resins

Objetivo: avaliar, in vitro, a dureza superficial e profunda de dois tipos diferentes de resina composta, quandoem contato com o cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol (IRM®). Métodos: foram selecionadas as resinasCharisma® e Vittra® e confeccionados 80 corpos de prova, sendo 40 para cada marca de compósito, queforam divididos em oito grupos (n=10) conforme o contato (imediato, 7 dias, 14 dias) ou não (grupo controle)com o eugenol. Colocou-se num pote dappen uma porção de IRM e um espécime de resina pronto, que,após a presa do material restaurador temporário e a remoção do exemplar colocado, gerou o molde pararealização das amostras em contato com o eugenol, sendo armazenado em água em temperatura ambiente,para os subgrupos 7 e 14 dias. Em sequência, foi inserido um único incremento de resina composta e polimerizadopor 40 segundos, gerando os espécimes que foram armazenados em local seco para serem submetidosao teste de microdureza Vickers sob uma carga de 300 gramas, com tempo de penetração de 10 segundos.Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA, a um nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados:somente o grupo da resina Charisma® que teve contato imediato com eugenol não atingiu 80% de durezaprofunda em relação à superficial. Entretanto, para todos os grupos analisados, tanto a dureza superficialquanto a profunda aumentaram após o contato com o eugenol em relação ao grupo controle. Conclusão: oeugenol não influenciou negativamente a dureza das resinas compostas.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate, in vitro, the superficial and deep hardness of two different types of composite resin when in contact with zinc oxide eugenol cement (IRM). Method: Charisma® and Vittra® resins were selected and 80 specimens were made, 40 for each composite brand that were divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to contact (immediate, 7 days, 14 days) or no (control group) with eugenol. A portion of IRM and a ready-made resin specimen were placed in a dappen pot, which after setting the temporary restorative material and removing the placed specimen, generated the template for making the samples in contact with eugenol, being stored in water in room temperature for subgroups 7 and 14 days. In sequence, a single increment of composite was inserted and polymerized resin for 40 seconds, generating specimens that were stored in a dry place to be submitted to the Vickers microhardness test under a load of 300 grams, with a penetration time of 10 seconds. The data obtained were analyzed by the ANOVA test, at a significance level of p <0.05. Results: only the Charisma® resin group that had immediate contact with eugenol did not reach 80% deep hardness in relation to superficial hardness. However, for all groups analyzed, both superficial and deep hardness increased after contact with eugenol compared to the control group. Conclusion: eugenol did not negatively influence the hardness of composite resins.(AU)

Percepções do atendimento em saúde no contexto de violência conjugal / Percepciones de la atención sanitaria en el contexto de la violencia conyugal / Health care perceptions in the marital violence context

Objetivo conhecer as percepções de mulheres sobre o atendimento em saúde no contexto de violência conjugal. Método estudo qualitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido com oito mulheres em situação de violência conjugal assistidas em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família. Dados coletados em entrevista e análise dos dados fundamentada na Análise de Conteúdo Temática proposta por Bardin. Resultados evidenciou-se vivência de assimetrias em relação às percepções atribuídas à assistência recebida nos serviços de saúde, indo desde a percepção de um bom atendimento, permeado pela atenção, respeito e qualidade na comunicação, até a vivência de atendimento inadequado, assim percebido em decorrência da não investigação e não abordagem da violência por parte dos profissionais de saúde. Conclusão as mulheres em situação de violência conjugal revelaram que, frente ao adoecimento físico e mental oriundo da vivência de violência conjugal, procuravam o suporte da rede de atenção à saúde.

Objetivo conocer las percepciones de las mujeres sobre la atención sanitaria en el contexto de la violencia conyugal. Método estudio cualitativo y descriptivo, desarrollado con ocho mujeres en violencia conyugal asistidas en una Unidad de Salud Familiar. Datos recogidos en entrevistas y análisis de datos basado en análisis temático de contenido propuesto por Bardin. Resultados hubo una experiencia de asimetrías en relación con las percepciones atribuidas a la atención recibida en los servicios de salud, que van desde la percepción de una buena atención, impregnada de atención, respeto y calidad en la comunicación, hasta la experiencia de una atención inadecuada, percibida así como resultado de la no investigación y la no abordaje a la violencia por parte de los profesionales de la salud. Conclusión las mujeres en situaciones de violencia conyugal revelaron que, en vista de las enfermedades físicas y mentales resultantes de la experiencia de violencia conyugal, buscaban el apoyo de la red de atención médica.

Objective to know women's perceptions of health care in the marital violence context. Method qualitative, descriptive study, developed with eight women in marital violence assisted in a Family Health Unit. Data collected in interview and data analysis based on thematic content analysis proposed by Bardin. Results there was an experience of asymmetries in relation to the perceptions attributed to the care received in health services, ranging from the perception of good care, permeated by attention, respect and quality in communication, to the experience of inadequate care, thus perceived as a result of non-investigation and non-approach of violence by health professionals. Conclusion women in situations of marital violence revealed that, in view of the physical and mental illness resulting from the experience of marital violence, they sought the support of the health care network.

O envelhecer digno como direito fundamental da vida humana / El envejecer digno como derecho fundamental de la vida humana / Decent Aging as a Fundamental Right of Human Life / L'envelliment digne com a dret fonamental de la vida humana

O objeto do artigo volta-se para um exame crítico acerca dos quinze anos de edição do Estatuto do Idoso, sendo seu objetivo discutir a nova tutela da população idosa do Brasil, bem como do enfrentamento do problema social decorrente do envelhecer com dignidade, enquanto direito e garantia fundamental assegurado em nosso ordenamento jurídico. Para tanto, a abordagem teórica fundamenta-se no novo paradigma trazido pelo referido Estatuto, com base na dignidade da pessoa humana do idoso. No mesmo sentido, para se chegar à concretização de tal avanço legislativo em nossa realidade social, deve-se tratar de propiciar uma ressignificação dos papéis do idoso em nossa sociedade; juntamente às formas como socialmente percebe-se a velhice

El artículo es un examen crítico de los quince años de edición del Estatuto del Anciano, para discutir la nueva tutela de la población anciana de Brasil, así como del enfrentamiento del problema social derivado del envejecimiento con dignidad, en cuanto derecho y garantía fundamental asegurada en este ordenamiento jurídico. El enfoque teórico se fundamenta en el nuevo paradigma traído por el Estatuto, con base en la dignidad de la persona humana del anciano. En el mismo sentido, para llegar a la concreción de este avance legislativo en nuestra realidad social, se debe propiciar una resignificación de los papeles del anciano en nuestra sociedad; junto a las formas con que socialmente se percibe la vejez

The article focuses on a critical examination of the fifteen years of the Statute of the Elderly, with the purpose of discussing the new protection of the elderly population in Brazil, as well as addressing the social problem of aging with dignity, as a right guaranteed in our legal system. Therefore, the theoretical approach is based on the new paradigm brought by the Statute, based on the dignity of the human person of the elderly. In the same sense, to arrive at the concretization of such legislative advance in our social reality, we must try to provide a re-signification of the roles of the elderly in our society; together with the ways in which old age is socially perceived

L'article és un examen crític dels quinze anys d'edició de l'Estatut de l'Ancià, a fi de discutir la nova tutela de la població anciana de Brasil, així com de l'enfrontament del problema social derivat de l'envelliment amb dignitat, com a dret i garantia fonamental que garanteix aquest ordenament jurídic. L'enfocament teòric es fonamenta en el nou paradigma generat per l'Estatut, amb base en la dignitat de la persona humana de l'ancià. En el mateix sentit, per arribar a la concreció d'aquest avanç legislatiu en la nostra realitat social, s'ha de propiciar una resignificació del paper de l'ancià en la nostra societat, al costat de les formes amb que socialment es percep la vellesa

Evaluation of disposable medical device packaging materials under ozone sterilization

Abstract Introduction Ozonization is an alternative sterilization process for heat-sensitive medical devices. However, the side effects of this process on packaging materials should be verified. Methods Four types of commercial disposable packaging for medical devices were evaluated after undergoing ozone sterilization: crepe paper sheet, non-woven fabric sheet (SMS), medical grade paper-plastic pouch and Tyvec©-plastic pouch. For each material, the gas penetration through the microbiological barrier was measured. Other packaging properties, such as chemical composition, color, tactile and mechanical resistance, were also evaluated after sterilization, by using characterization techniques, namely microbiological indicators, infrared spectroscopy, tensile test and optical microscopy. Results All commercial disposable packaging showed good ozone penetration. Crepe paper and SMS were chemically and mechanically modified by ozone, while Tyvec© only suffered mechanical modification. Paper-plastic pouch was the packaging material which just experienced an acceptable reduction in tensile resistance, showing no variations on chemical or visual properties. Conclusion The results suggest that medical grade paper-plastic pouch is the most appropriate disposable medical device packaging to be sterilized by ozone when compared to other materials.

Macrophages adhesion rate on Ti-6Al-4V substrates: polishing and DLC coating effects

Abstract Introduction Various works have shown that diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are able to improve the cells adhesion on prosthesis material and also cause protection against the physical wear. On the other hand there are reports about the effect of substrate polishing, in evidence of that roughness can enhance cell adhesion. In order to compare and quantify the joint effects of both factors, i.e, polishing and DLC coating, a commonly prosthesis material, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, was used as raw material for substrates in our studies of macrophage cell adhesion rate on rough and polished samples, coated and uncoated with DLC. Methods The films were produced by PECVD technique on Ti-6Al-4V substrates and characterized by optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The amount of cells was measured by particle analysis in IMAGE J software. Cytotoxicity tests were also carried out to infer the biocompatibility of the samples. Results The results showed that higher the surface roughness of the alloy, higher are the cells fixing on the samples surface, moreover group of samples with DLC favored the cell adhesion more than their respective uncoated groups. The cytotoxity tests confirmed that all samples were biocompatible independently of being polished or coated with DLC. Conclusion From the observed results, it was found that the rougher substrate coated with DLC showed a higher cell adhesion than the polished samples, either coated or uncoated with the film. It is concluded that the roughness of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and the DLC coating act complementary to enhance cell adhesion.

Molecular and morphological characterization of Contracaecum pelagicum (Nematoda) parasitizing Spheniscus magellanicus (Chordata) from Brazilian waters / Caracterização molecular e morfológica de Contracaecum pelagicum (Nematoda) parasito de Spheniscus magellanicus (Chordata) em águas brasileiras

Three new sequences of Mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit 2 (mtDNA cox-2) from C. pelagicum parasite of Spheniscus magellanicus, the Magelanicus penguin, were determined from Brazilian waters. The sequences presented 99 and 98% of similarity with C. pelagicum sequences from Argentina, deposited on GenBank for the same genetic region and with a strong statistical support inferred from the phylogenetic tree. The morphological and ultrastructural studies that were carried out confirmed the genetic analysis.

Foram determinadas três novas sequências da região do Citocromo c-oxidase da subunidade II do DNA mitocondrial (cox-2 mtDNA) de Contracaecum pelagicum, parasito de Spheniscus magellanicus, pinguim Magalhães, de águas brasileiras. As sequências apresentaram 99 e 98% de similaridade com sequências de C. pelagicum da Argentina depositadas no GenBank da mesma região genética com forte suporte estatístico inferido pela arvore filogenética. Estudos morfológicos e ultraestruturais realizados confirmaram a identidade genética.

Avaliação da força adesiva de restaurações em dentes clareados através do teste de microtração após o processo de desoxigenação com metabisulfito de sódio / Evaluation of adhesive strength of restorations in teeth bleached through microtensile test after desoxygenation process with sodium metabisulfite

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar a capacidade do metabissulfito de sódio em desoxigenar e devolver imediatamente a resistência de união adequada entre sistema adesivo e estrutura dental. Metodologia: 18 molares hígidos foram divididos em seis grupos de três dentes cada, o grupo controle, grupo 1, não recebeu tratamento clareador nem agente neutralizador, o grupo 5 foi clareado e recebeu tratamento com hidróxido de cálcio durante 15 dias, o grupo 6 recebeu tratamento clareador, porém não recebeu tratamento com nenhum agente neutralizador, já os grupos 2, 3 e 4 receberam tratamento clareador e usou-se como agente neutralizador o metabisulfito de sódio, diferindo o tempo de uso, grupo 2, 10 minutos, grupo 3, uma hora, grupo 4 setenta e duas horas. Todos os corpos de prova foram restaurados com sistema adesivo Scotch Bond Multiuso e resina composta Z250 e após cortados em palitos para serem submetidos a teste de microtração. Resultados: O teste Kruskal-Wallis indicou que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos 1 e 3, assim como este grupo se mostrou diferente do grupo 4 e do grupo 5. Conclusão: o metabisulfito de sódio, utilizado por uma hora, determina uma resistência adesiva significativamente maior que as demais variáveis testadas.

Objective: The objective of this study is to demonstrate the ability of sodium metabisulfite in deoxygenate and return immediately to adequate bond strength between adhesive system and tooth structure. Methods: 18 molars were divided into six groups of three teeth each, the control group, group 1 received no treatment or bleach neutralizing agent, group 5 was bleached and treated with calcium hydroxide for 15 days, the group 6 received bleaching, but not treated with any neutralizing agent and the groups 2, 3 and.4 received bleaching treatment was used as the neutralizing agent sodium metabisulfite, deferring the time of use, group 2, 10 minutes, group 3, one hour, group 4 seventy-two hours. All specimens were restored with a bonding system Scotch Bond Multipurpose and Z250 composite resin and after cut in sticks for subjected to the microtensile test. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 3, as well as this group was different from group 4 and group 5. Conclusion: sodium metabisulfite, used for an hour, provides a bond strength significantly higher than the other variables tested.

Projeto RS Amigo do Idoso: uma amizade que não se efetivou / RS elderly friend project: a friendship that did not work

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal avaliar a implementação do Projeto RS Amigo do Idoso em três municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, entre os anos de 2008 e 2010. Nosso trabalho, ao proceder à avaliação da instauração do projeto em tela, estará produzindo condições para que se compreendam melhor os mecanismos envolvidos na execução de ações de política pública. Nossa hipótese de trabalho postula que não houve eficácia nem eficiência na implantação desta política, uma vez que o Projeto não trouxe contribuição significativa para solucionar um problema público, qual seja, o envelhecimento acelerado da população. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise documental, a partir dos dados apresentados nos documentos oficiais, como os relatórios dos grupos focais, os planos municipais e os relatórios apresentados após um ano de início da execução do projeto, bem como entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas aos gestores do projeto analisado, articuladas à bibliografia especializada.

This article has as main objective to evaluate the RS elderly friend project implement in three counties in Rio Grande do Sul state between 2008 and 2010. Our study related to evaluate the project implement on a screen, will be producing conditions to understand better the involved mechanisms on public policy actions. Our study hypothesis holds that there were not efficacy nor efficiency, in this policy implement, since the project didn’t provide meaningful contribution to solve a public problem, it means, the fast aging of the population. The used methodological procedures were document analysis, from the data presented in official documents, such as reports from certain groups, municipal plans and the reports presented after a year starting this project, as well as semi-structured interview applied to the managers of the analyzed project articulated to the bibliography.

Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) lanfrediae sp. nov. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the fish Satanoperca jurupari (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae)

Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) lanfrediae sp. nov. is described from the intestine of the freshwater fish Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel) (Cichlidae) from the Guamá River, state of Pará, Brazil. The prevalence in fish (n = 59) was 27 percent with intensity of one-124 (mean 16) nematodes per fish. The new species is characterized mainly by the markedly larger size of ventricular appendix in relation to the oesophagus, presence of short male caudal alae, 14-16 subventral pairs of preanal papillae and six pairs of postanal papillae.

Capital Social e Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil / Social Capital and the National Health System (SUS) in Brazil

O objetivo principal deste artigo é construir um referencial teórico preliminar que possibilite a compreensão das razões que podem determinar o desempenho satisfatório das instituições de saúde no Brasil, particularmente o do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A hipótese teórica, a partir dos estudos de Putnam (2005), é de que o acúmulo de Capital Social (CS) em determinada sociedade está positivamente relacionado à capacidade de os governos atenderem e realizarem as demandas da população. Em outras palavras, os níveis de solidariedade e de confiança interpessoais e a existência de organizações sociais são elementos colaborativos para o desempenho das instituições políticas. O CS, na área da saúde, funcionaria como elemento de impacto positivo, não somente pelo fato de proporcionar uma vida mais saudável para as populações, reduzindo a exclusão social e aumentando a longevidade e a autoestima, mas também por ter um papel fundamental no estímulo da participação da comunidade tanto na formulação de políticas públicas como no seu controle social, o que possibilitaria o melhor funcionamento das instituições. Nesse sentido, utilizamos os dados de pesquisa quantitativa aplicados em usuários do SUS em duas cidades do Rio Grande do Sul (Caxias e Pelotas).

The main objective of this paper is to construct a preliminary theoretical framework that enables the understanding of the reasons that may determine the satisfactory performance of health institutions in Brazil, particularly that of the National Health System (SUS). Based on the study of Putnam (2005), the theoretical hypothesis is that the accumulation of Social Capital (SC) in a certain society is positively related to the governments' ability to meet the population's demands. In other words, the levels of interpersonal solidarity and trust and the existence of social organizations collaborate with the performance of the political organizations. In the health area, SC would work as an element of positive impact, not only because it offers a healthier life to populations, reducing social exclusion and increasing longevity and self-esteem, but also because it plays a fundamental role in the stimulation to community's participation, both in the formulation of public policies and in their social control, which would enable the better functioning of the institutions. In this sense, we used data from a quantitative research study applied to SUS users in two cities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Caxias and Pelotas).

Criatividade Evolutiva / Evolutionary Creativity / Creatividad Evolutiva

Atendendo a modalidade de tema introdutório do I Congresso de Verponologia,este artigo é a sintese da conferência Criatividade Evolutiva. Apresentaa criatividade como característica ínsita à verdade relativa de ponta– verpon –, abordando-a sob a perspectiva dos paradigmas convencionale consciencial, relaciona definições de Waldo Vieira associadas ao tema e propõeos neoconceitos criatividade evolutiva e padrão de pensamento criativoconscienciológico(AU)

Attending to the modality of the introductory theme of the I Congress ofVerponology, this article is a syntesis of the conference Evolutionary Creativity.It presents creativity as being inherent to the leading edge relative truth – verpon– approaching it from the material and consciential paradigm’s points of view.The article also relates definitions proposed by Waldo Vieira which areassociated with the topic in question and puts forward for consideration theneoconcepts evolutionary creativity and pattern of conscientiological creativethought(AU)

Atendiendo la modalidad de tema introductorio en el I Congreso de Verponologia,este artículo es la sintesis de la conferencia Creatividad Evolutiva.Presenta la creatividad como característica ínsita a la verdad relativa devanguardia – verpon –, abordada bajo la perspectiva de los paradigmas convencionaly conciencial, relaciona definiciones de Waldo Vieira asociadas altema y propone los neoconceptos creatividad evolutiva y padrón de pensamientocreativo concienciológico(AU)

Inversão Mesológica / Ecological Inversion / Inversión Mesológica

O texto propõe o neologismo Inversão Mesológica (Parassociologia) paraapresentar temática inédita quanto ao estudo da Mesologia, com vistas à autoconscientizaçãointrafísica, entendida como condição predisponente à autoconscientizaçãomultidimensional, partindo da premissa de que o meio exerce influênciasdoentias sobre a consciência. Investiga sociopatias causadoras de paralisaçõesevolutivas, analisa posturas intelectuais equivocadas, questiona a conscientizaçãoquanto à própria condição evolutiva buscando o autodesassédio ideológico,ratifica a teática enquanto saída do imobilismo e instiga o ativismo interassistencialjunto à Socin(AU)

The text proposes the neologism Ecological Inversion (para-sociology) topresent an unpublished topic in regards to the study of ecology, withintraphysical self-awareness in view, understood as a condition that predisposesmultidimensional self-awareness. It is based on the premise that the environmentexerts diseased influence on the consciousness. It investigates sociopathies thatcause evolutionary paralyzation; analyses mistaken intellectual postures;questions the awareness in regards to its actual evolutionary condition seekingideological deintrusion; ratifies the theorice concept as an exit from stagnation;and instigates interassistencial activism in the intraphysical society(AU)

El texto propone el neologismo Inversión Mesológica (Parasociología)para presentar una temática inédita relativa al estudio de la Mesología, convistas a la autoconcientización intrafísica, entendida como condición predisponentea la autoconcientización multidimensional, partiendo de la premisa deque el medio ejerce influencias negativas sobre la conciencia. Investiga sociopatiascausantes de paralisaciones evolutivas, analiza posturas intelectualesequivocadas, cuestiona la concientización respecto a la propria condiciónevolutiva buscando el autodesasedio ideológico, ratifica la teática como salidadel inmovilismo, e instiga el activismo interasistencial junto a la Socin(AU)