Revitalizing the lower face: Therapeutic insights and an innovative treatment guideline for jowl rejuvenation.

BACKGROUND: The intricate mechanisms of jowl formation, which ultimately lead to loss of lower jaw definition, skin laxity, and localized fat accumulation, involve interrelated factors such as skin aging, fat redistribution, muscle dynamics, and loss of support. AIMS: To propose a structured approach to the treatment of the jowl area that is comprehensive and tailored to the needs of each individual patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This integrative review combines a meticulous analysis of the literature with practical insights from real-world clinical settings. The authors draw on their extensive clinical experience to bridge research findings with practical clinical perspectives. RESULTS: This study presents a guideline for addressing jowl formation that starts with the major aging processes and, based on simple diagnostic questions, suggests minimally invasive interventions, including collagen stimulators, energy-based devices, lipolytic injectables, polydioxanone threads, and hyaluronic acid fillers. DISCUSSION: The guideline emphasizes the significance of personalized treatments while also acknowledging the need for comprehensive evaluation and recognizing the ever-evolving nature of aesthetic interventions in jowl management. CONCLUSION: This systematic approach can not only simplify diagnostic and treatment decisions for dermatologists but also enhance patient satisfaction by customizing treatment plans based on individual characteristics and expectations.

Development of a microfluidic system structured on a modified polydimethylsiloxane device for the selection of bovine epididymal spermatozoa.

Microfluidic systems are on the rise in several studies that evaluate reproductive cells. However, the material used for manufacturing can still be considered relatively expensive. The objective of this study was to develop a new microfluidic device, using a modified polydimethylsiloxane ((PDMS) Silpuran®), test its viability and carry out a selection of bovine sperm. Sperm was collected from epididymis (n = 10) and evaluated at different incubation times (60 min, 120 min, 180 min) to assess polydimethylsiloxane toxicity, where a tube was used as a control and the microfluidic device as treatment. An additional ten epididymis were used for the sperm selection test, which utilized four types of solutions: in vitro maturation medium (IVM) with and without oocyte, progesterone and saline solution (SS). The Percoll gradient was used as a control and the microfluidic device as treatment. The kinetic parameters of sperm were evaluated using the computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). Morphology was performed with Bengal Rose, the integrity, and viability of the sperm using the hypoosmotic test and fluorescent microscopy probes, respectively. Mann-Whitney test was used in the first experiment, Kruskall-Wallis variance analysis tests with post hoc and Student-Newman-Keuls used in the second experiment. Regarding the non-toxic effects, most motility parameters demonstrated the superiority of the microfluidic device compared to the control. In the second experiment, the sperm showed equivalence between the microfluidic device and the Percoll gradient Silpuran® PDMS was not toxic to the cells and can be efficient for selecting bovine sperm, achieving better results in a medium for IVM with or without oocytes.

Rescue of caprine fetal ovaries, vitrification and follicular development after xenotransplantation in two immunodeficient mice models.

Domestic and wild goats are very susceptible animals to predation, specially when pregnancy occurs. This study aimed to evaluate the use of goat fetal ovarian tissue for vitrification followed by xenotransplantation and fresh xenotransplantation in two immunosuppressed mice models (C57BL/6 SCID and Balb-C NUDE). Goat fetus ovaries were collected in slaughterhouses, divided into small cortical pieces and were destined for fresh xenotransplantation (FX) and cryopreservation followed by xenotransplantation (CX). Five recipients from each lineage were used for FX and 10 animals from each lineage for CX. The mice were euthanized after 65 postoperative days, and the transplants were collected for microscopic assessment. The blood plasma was collected for estradiol measurement. Independently of mice strain, all recipients presented complete estrus cycle in FX and 80% after CX groups. Follicles were observed at all development stages without morphological changes. The volume density and total vessel surface observed in the transplants were different (p <0.01) between groups. The estradiol levels in the recipients did not differ (p <0.05) among the treatments. Thus, it is possible to activate the preantral follicles in the ovaries of fetuses by optimizing germplasm utilization and conservation of domestic and endangered wild goats that are in predatory situations, undesirable drowning or accidental death, since provided conditions for xenotransplantation are performed.

Effect of supplementation of Aloe vera extracts in cold storage media and cryopreservation of domestic cat epididymal spermatozoa.

This study evaluated the effect of the extract of Aloe vera at concentrations of 10% and 20% on the cryopreservation of sperm from the epididymis of domestic cats. Epididymal spermatozoa were recovered using the flotation technique and used in the treatments: control (TRIS-egg yolk at 20%), T10% (TRIS plus 10% of A. vera extract), and T20% (TRIS plus 20% of A. vera extract). The spermatozoa were subjected to 4ºC for 60 minutes, followed by 20 minutes in nitrogen vapors, and stored in a cryogenic cylinder. The samples were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds. The sperm motility decreased (P<0.05) after thawing in the three treatments. Only the spermatozoa in the control treatment maintained post-thawing vigor. The viability of spermatozoa decreased in the treatments with A. vera (P<0.05). According to the hypoosmotic test, all treatments maintained the sperm membrane functionality (P>0.05) during freezing; however, after thawing, it decreased (P<0.05) in the T10% and T20% treatments. The morphology and chromatin condensation of spermatozoa did not differ, regardless of the treatments and time of evaluation (P>0.05). The effect of the crude A. vera extract was not satisfactory on the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa of domestic cats after thawing; although the motility of spermatozoa was similar to that found with the use of egg yolk, and it presented maintenance of the chromatin integrity. However, it is necessary to understand the action of the substances present in A. vera with the feline spermatozoa, well as the standardization and adjustment of physicochemical characteristics aiming at the future application of the vegetal extract.

Análise epidemiológico-evolutiva de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia plástica reparadora em um hospital de referência em trauma / Epidemiological-evolutional analysis of patients submitted to plastic reconstructive surgery in a trauma reference hospital

Introdução: Lesões decorrentes de trauma são agravos súbitos à saúde que podem levar a deficiências temporárias e interferir na qualidade de vida das vítimas. O serviço de Cirurgia Plástica Reparadora (CPR) do Hospital Metropolitano de Urgência e Emergência (HMUE) atua como a unidade de referência no tratamento de feridas dos pacientes vítimas de trauma no Estado do Pará. Métodos: Estudo observacional analítico, do tipo transversal prospectivo. A população foi composta por 78 pacientes atendidos no período de dezembro de 2015 até dezembro de 2016. Resultados: A população predominante foi de pacientes do sexo masculino, autônomos, entre 21 a 30 anos. Os acidentes automobilísticos foram os mais prevalentes. A área corporal mais afetada foi a dos membros inferiores e o tipo de cirurgia mais realizada foi enxerto. Tanto entre os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de enxerto quanto os de retalho, predominou a viabilidade no intervalo de 90-100%. Não foi verificada associação significativa da faixa etária dos pacientes sob o grau de viabilidade. Houve relação entre o número de dias do acidente até a intervenção com o grau de viabilidade do enxerto. Conclusão: Os pacientes internados no hospital no mesmo dia do acidente têm seis vezes mais chance de apresentar viabilidade do enxerto acima de 80% e, portanto, desfecho favorável.

Introduction: Injuries due to trauma are health problems that can lead to temporary deficiencies and interfere with the quality of life of the victims. The Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (RPS) service of the Metropolitan Emergency and Emergency Hospital (HMUE) acts as the reference unit for the treatment of wounds of trauma victims in the State of Pará. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study. The population was composed of 78 patients attended in the period from December 2015 to December 2016. Results: The predominant population was male patients, between 21 and 30 years old. Automobile accidents were the most prevalent. The most affected body area was the lower limbs and the type of surgery performed was graft. Among the patients submitted to graft surgery as well as those of the graft, the viability predominated in the range of 90-100%. There was no significant association between the age of the group under the degree of viability. There was a relation between the number of days of the accident and the intervention with the degree of viability of the graft. Conclusion: Patients hospitalized on the same day of the accident are six times more likely to present graft viability than 80%.

Equine chorionic gonadotrophin improved vascularization of feline ovarian tissue xenografted into immunosuppressed mice.

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of eCG on vascularization and development of feline ovarian tissue xenografted to immunosuppressed mice. Feline ovarian fragments (∼1 mm3) were transplanted under the renal capsule of 20 adult, ovariectomized, C57BL/6 SCID female mice. At 45 d after transplantation, 10 mice (controls) were euthanized and the remainder given 10 IU of eCG (and sacrificed 48 h later). Transplants were recovered immediately after death, fixed, sectioned, and stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Fragment volume (Cavallieri principle) and vascularization were assessed. Mean xenotransplant volume for control and treatment groups was 0.17 ±â€¯0.03 and 0.37 ±â€¯0.13 mm3, respectively (P = 0.0952); vascular volume density, 30.3 ±â€¯11.3 and 49.1 ±â€¯8.9% (P = 0.0281); surface density, 4.1 ±â€¯2.4 and 6.2 ±â€¯1.7 µm-1 (P = 0.2222); and vessel total surface, 0.63 ±â€¯0.24 µm2 and 2.28 ±â€¯1.05 µm2 (P = 0.0079). In conclusion, eCG significantly increased vascular volume density of xenotransplanted ovarian tissue and improved its development.

Correlação entre a dieta alimentar e a gravidade da dermatite atópica / Correlation between dietary patterns and severity of atopic dermatitis

Introdução: A dermatite atópica tornou-se importante problema de saúde pública, visto que sua incidência triplicou nas últimas três décadas, e que compromete significativamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A hipótese de que a ingestão alimentar pode ser importante para modular a expressão da doença vem sendo cada vez mais evidenciada. Objetivo: Correlacionar a dieta alimentar com a gravidade da dermatite atópica em crianças e adolescentes atendidos no Ambulatório de Dermatologia da Universidade do Estado do Pará. Método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal e observacional, cuja amostra foi composta por 53 pacientes, nos quais foram aplicados o Questionário de Frequência de Consumo Alimentar (QFCA) e o Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis ­ SCORAD para avaliar a gravidade da doença. Para identificar essa correlação foi aplicado o teste de D'Agostino- Pearson para variáveis quantitativas, e a correlação Linear de Pearson para variáveis qualitativas, tendo sido previamente fixado o nível de significância alfa = 0,05 para rejeição da hipótese de nulidade. Resultados: Os pacientes estudados foram em sua maioria do sexo feminino, na faixa etária entre 4-10 anos, e com IMC adequado para a idade. Cerca de 50% teve história familiar de atopia, 60% fez uso de fórmulas lácteas ao longo da vida, e 60% recebeu aleitamento materno exclusivo. A gravidade da dermatite atópica teve correlação direta apenas com o consumo habitual de alimentos industrializados (coeficiente de correlação: 0,3355). Conclusão: São necessários estudos longitudinais prospectivos e de longo prazo para determinar como modificações na ingestão dietética podem oferecer benefícios à população atópica.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis has become an important public health problem worldwide, as its incidence tripled in the last three decades and it significantly affects the quality of life of patients. The hypothesis that food intake may be important in modulating the expression of disease has been increasingly evidenced. Objective: To correlate dietary patterns with severity of atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents treated at the Dermatology Outpatient Unit of Universidade do Estado do Pará. Method: This was a cross-sectional, observational study whose sample comprised 53 patients who were administered the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the Scoring Index of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) to assess disease severity. The D'Agostino-Pearson test was used to identify correlations between quantitative variables, and Pearson's linear correlation was used for qualitative variables. The significance level was previously set at alpha = 0.05 for the rejection of the null hypothesis. Results: The patients studied were mostly female, aged 4-10 years, with an appropriate body mass index (BMI) for age. About 50% had a family history of atopy; 60% had always used infant formula, and 60% had been exclusively breastfed. The severity of atopic dermatitis showed a direct correlation only with the usual intake of processed foods (correlation coefficient: 0.3355). Conclusion: Prospective longitudinal and long-term studies are necessary to determine how changes in dietary patterns can offer benefits to the atopic population.

Follicular right shift: Xenografting queens' ovarian tissue into severe combined imunnodeficiency mice and its responses to exogenous gonadotropin.

Ovarian xenografting is an auxiliary reproductive technique that allows the conservation of germplasm of high-value livestock and endangered species. The use of exogenous gonadotropins assists in developing xenografted tissues and obtaining viable follicles for in vitro embryo production; however, this use has not been reported in the xenografting of cats' (Felis catus) ovaries with C57BL/6 female SCID mice (Mus musculus) as recipients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the responses of queens' ovaries to eCG when grafted into C57BL/6 female SCID mice. Ovarian cortex fragments from queens were grafted under the kidney capsule of 15 C57BL/6 SCID mice after bilateral ovariectomy. After 45 days, the recipients were divided into two groups: those that did not receive hormone induction (eCG-), which were euthanized at the time of induction, and those that received hormonal induction (eCG+), which were euthanized 48 hours later. All the tissues collected were histologically processed. The proportions of the different ovarian follicles were compared by chi-square test. The morphology of the follicles was compared between the experimental groups by Tukey (primordial, primary, and secondary follicles) and Kruskal-Wallis (antral follicles) tests. Macroscopically, we observed a few antral follicles that were over 1 mm in size in grafts treated with eCG. Microscopically, follicles of all categories were observed in the grafts, and all had normal morphology for the species studied. However, larger primordial and primary follicles were observed in the eCG+ transplants than those in the eCG- transplants. There was a decrease in primordial follicles and an increase in the other follicles, particularly in the antral follicles of the eCG+ group, a phenomenon that we propose to term "follicular right shift". Luteinized follicles were also observed in grafts treated with eCG. Therefore, treatment with eCG is effective for follicular development but does not provoke a good superovulatory response, so the correct application time should be identified. Other protocols should be tested, to obtain viable follicles that can be used for in vitro embryo production.

Monitoramento do ciclo estral de fêmeas equinas por meio de citologia vaginal, ultrassonografia e dosagem hormonal / Monitoring equine estrous cycle through vaginal cytology, ultrasonography and hormone dosage / Monitoreo del ciclo estral de hembras equinas por medio de citología vaginal, ultrasonido y dosis hormonal

O ciclo estral é a sincronia entre eventos comportamentais, anatômicos e endócrinos que resultam na ovulação, e pode ser dividido em fase lútea e fase folicular. A identificação das fases do ciclo estral da égua pode ser acompanhada por meio de várias biotécnicas reprodutivas como, por exemplo, citologia vaginal classificando os diversos tipos de células do epitélio vaginal, ultrassonografia para avaliação da dinâmica folicular e a dosagem hormonal no plasma sanguíneo ou das fezes do animal para caracterizar a fase do ciclo estral que o animal possivelmente se encontra. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta revisão foi discutir a fisiologia do ciclo estral de éguas, a fim de favorecer novas pesquisas relacionadas à biotécnicas reprodutivas para equinos.

The estrous cycle is the synchrony of behavioral, anatomical and endocrine events that result in ovulation. It can be divided into luteal and follicular phases. The identification of the stages in the estrous cycle of mares can be accomplished through several reproductive biotechnologies, such as, for instance, vaginal cytology classifying the different types of cells in the vaginal epithelium, follicular dynamics evaluated through ultrasound examination, and hormone dosage in blood plasma or feces from the animal to characterize the likely estrous cycle phase. Thus, the objective of this review is to discuss the physiology of the estrous cycle in mares in order to encourage new research related to reproductive biotechnologies for horses.

El ciclo estral es la sincronía entre eventos de comportamiento, anatómicos y endocrinos que resultan en la ovulación, y se puede dividir en fase lútea y fase folicular. La identificación de las etapas del ciclo estral de la yegua puede ser acompañada a través de varias biotécnicas reproductivas como, por ejemplo, citología vaginal, clasificando los diferentes tipos de células del epitelio vaginal, ultrasonido para evaluación de la dinámica folicular y la dosificación hormonal en el plasma sanguíneo o de las heces del animal para caracterizar la fase del ciclo estral que el animal posiblemente se encuentra. Así, el objetivo de esta revisión ha sido examinar la fisiología del ciclo estral de yeguas, con el fin de fomentar nuevas investigaciones relacionadas con las biotecnologías reproductivas para equinos.

Monitoramento do ciclo estral de fêmeas equinas por meio de citologia vaginal, ultrassonografia e dosagem hormonal / Monitoring equine estrous cycle through vaginal cytology, ultrasonography and hormone dosage / Monitoreo del ciclo estral de hembras equinas por medio de citología vaginal, ultrasonido y dosis hormonal

O ciclo estral é a sincronia entre eventos comportamentais, anatômicos e endócrinos que resultam na ovulação, e pode ser dividido em fase lútea e fase folicular. A identificação das fases do ciclo estral da égua pode ser acompanhada por meio de várias biotécnicas reprodutivas como, por exemplo, citologia vaginal classificando os diversos tipos de células do epitélio vaginal, ultrassonografia para avaliação da dinâmica folicular e a dosagem hormonal no plasma sanguíneo ou das fezes do animal para caracterizar a fase do ciclo estral que o animal possivelmente se encontra. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta revisão foi discutir a fisiologia do ciclo estral de éguas, a fim de favorecer novas pesquisas relacionadas à biotécnicas reprodutivas para equinos...

The estrous cycle is the synchrony of behavioral, anatomical and endocrine events that result in ovulation. It can be divided into luteal and follicular phases. The identification of the stages in the estrous cycle of mares can be accomplished through several reproductive biotechnologies, such as, for instance, vaginal cytology classifying the different types of cells in the vaginal epithelium, follicular dynamics evaluated through ultrasound examination, and hormone dosage in blood plasma or feces from the animal to characterize the likely estrous cycle phase. Thus, the objective of this review is to discuss the physiology of the estrous cycle in mares in order to encourage new research related to reproductive biotechnologies for horses...

El ciclo estral es la sincronía entre eventos de comportamiento, anatómicos y endocrinos que resultan en la ovulación, y se puede dividir en fase lútea y fase folicular. La identificación de las etapas del ciclo estral de la yegua puede ser acompañada a través de varias biotécnicas reproductivas como, por ejemplo, citología vaginal, clasificando los diferentes tipos de células del epitelio vaginal, ultrasonido para evaluación de la dinámica folicular y la dosificación hormonal en el plasma sanguíneo o de las heces del animal para caracterizar la fase del ciclo estral que el animal posiblemente se encuentra. Así, el objetivo de esta revisión ha sido examinar la fisiología del ciclo estral de yeguas, con el fin de fomentar nuevas investigaciones relacionadas con las biotecnologías reproductivas para equinos...