Programa de inserção profissional para equipes de enfermagem de um hospital do interior paulista / Professional insertion program for the nursing team of a hospital in the interior of São Paulo

Os programas de inserção profissional são essenciais para a melhor adaptação dos trabalhadores recém contratados em hospitais e facilitam seu desenvolvimento e integração. Este estudo objetivou analisar um Programa de Inserção Profissional para Enfermeiros, Técnicos e Auxiliares de Enfermagem de um hospital no interior do estado de São Paulo e elaborar estrutura de um website educativo com conteúdos que norteiam a prática laboral da equipe de enfermagem recém contratada. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, metodológico e de abordagem quantitativa, sendo a coleta de dados realizada no último trimestre de 2020. Os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos foram o trabalhador ter participado do Programa, estar regularmente contratado no hospital e fora do período de experiência e estar apto para a realização de suas funções. Utilizou-se dois instrumentos; o primeiro foi o de caracterização sociodemográfica e laboral e o segundo foi o Impacto do Treinamento no Trabalho. As análises estatísticas foram apresentadas por meio de frequências absolutas e relativas para as variáveis qualitativas e média, desvio padrão, mediana, mínimo e máximo para as quantitativas. A associação entre a resposta média para cada questão do instrumento Impacto do Treinamento no Trabalho e as características dos trabalhadores foi verificada por meio dos testes Man-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. As análises foram realizadas no software IBM-SPSS v.21.0 e o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Participaram deste estudo 104 trabalhadores, sendo 78 técnicos de enfermagem (75%), 22 enfermeiros (21,2%) e quatro auxiliares de enfermagem (3,8%); 62 (59,8%) eram formados de um a nove anos, 80 (76,5%) não trabalharam anteriormente no hospital em estudo e 56 (53,8%) não possuíam outros vínculos empregatícios. A idade média dos trabalhadores foi 32 anos, 84 (80,8%) eram do sexo feminino, 46 (44,2%) solteiros, 102 (98,1%) tinham filhos e dentre os que possuíam filhos, 89 (85,6%) tinham de um a dois filhos. Em relação a renda mensal, 62 (59,6%) recebiam de um a dois salários mínimos (R$ 1.045,00 a R$ 2.090,00), 56 (54,2%) se declararam católicos, 52 (50%) eram brancos e 70 (67,3%) residiam na mesma cidade em que o hospital se localiza. Quanto ao tempo de participação no Programa de Inserção, 48 (46,2%) dos pesquisados haviam participado dele há menos de um mês da data de coleta de dados. Em relação ao impacto do treinamento no trabalho, verificou-se que as médias se mantiveram entre 4,1 e 4,7 retratando bons índices de concordância, quando comparadas a outros estudos descritos na literatura e não verificou-se associações entre os dados sociodemográficos e laborais e o impacto do treinamento no trabalho. No que se refere ao desempenho dos trabalhadores no ambiente de trabalho, o programa em questão foi considerado satisfatório. Contudo, nas questões referentes às atitudes dos trabalhadores no ambiente de trabalho, observou-se a necessidade de otimizar a autoconfiança destes profissionais. A análise do impacto dos treinamentos realizados no ambiente laboral pode estabelecer subsídios para intervenções que promovam melhorias contínuas na qualidade e segurança dos serviços prestados pela equipe de enfermagem nos ambientes hospitalares, visando os trabalhadores, os usuários do Serviço e a instituição

Professional insertion programs are essential for the better adaptation of newly hired workers in hospitals and facilitate their development and integration. This study aimed to analyze a Professional Insertion Program for Nurses, Technicians and Nursing Assistants of a hospital in the state of São Paulo and to develop a structure of an educational website with contents that guide the work practice of the newly hired nursing team. It is a descriptive, methodological and quantitative study, and data collection was performed in the last quarter of 2020. The inclusion criteria established were the worker having participated in the Program, being regularly hired in the company outside the period of experience and being able to perform his/her duties. Two instruments were used; the first was the socio-demographic and labor characterization and the second was the Impact of Training at Work. Statistical analyses were presented by means of absolute and relative frequencies for the qualitative and mean variables, standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum for quantitative variables. The association between the mean answer for each question of the Work Training Impact instrument and the characteristics of the workers was verified using the Man-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The analyses were performed in the IBM-SPSS v.21.0 software and the level of significance adopted was 5%. This study included 104 workers, 78 (75%) nursing technicians, 22 (21.2%) nurses and four (3.8%) nursing assistants; 62 (59.8%) had been in the form for one to nine years, 80 (76.5%) did not previously work at the hospital under study and 56 (53.8%) had no other employment ties. The average age of the workers was 32 years, 84 (80.8%) were female, 46 (44.2%) were single, 102 (98.1%) had children and among those who had children, 89 (85.6%) had one to two children. Regarding monthly income, 62 (59.6%) received one to two minimum wages (R$ 1,045.00 to R$ 2,090.00), 56 (54.2%) declared themselves Catholic, 52 (50%) were white and 70 (67.3%) lived in the same city where the hospital is located. Regarding the time of participation in the Insertion Program, 48 (46.2%) of the surveyed had participated in it less than one month from the date of data collection. Regarding the impact of training at work, it was found that the means remained between 4.1 and 4.7 portraying good concordance indices, when compared to other studies described in the literature and in the associations of sociodemographic and work data and the impact of training at work. As regards the performance of workers in the work environment, the programme in question was considered satisfactory. However, in the questions related to the attitudes of workers in the work environment, it was observed the need to optimize the self-confidence of these professionals. The analysis of the impact of training performed on the work environment can establish subsidies for interventions that promote continuous improvements in the quality and safety of the services provided by the nursing team in hospital environments, aiming at workers, users of the Service and the institution

Processos de admissão de enfermeiros em hospitais / Processes of hiring nurses in hospitals / Procesos de contratación de enfermeros en hospitales

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas sobre os processos de admissão de enfermeiros em hospitais. Método: trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, descritivo, do tipo Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, nas fontes de informação MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL e LILACS, realizado no período de agosto de 2019 a maio de 2020 por meio do aplicativo Rayyan para a seleção dos estudos. Resultados: identificaram-se 298 artigos e selecionaram-se 4 para a amostra. Definiram-se duas categorias: práticas adotadas para a admissão de enfermeiros e desafios enfrentados no processo de admissão de enfermeiros. Destacaram-se duas práticas: a realização de um processo de integração anual e um semanal, ambos com o objetivo de apresentar normas, rotinas, direitos e deveres da instituição e oferecer treinamento de habilidades psicomotoras. Perceberam-se como desafios a desorganização dos processos de admissão/integração; a ausência de protocolos institucionais para a admissão/integração; o deficit no acolhimento dos enfermeiros recémadmitidos pelos veteranos e o despreparo/medo. Conclusão: este estudo contribui para a assistência, ensino e pesquisa em enfermagem por fornecer um conjunto de evidências científicas sobre os processos de integração de enfermeiros em hospitais e propiciar o aperfeiçoamento desse processo e a segurança dos pacientes.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence on the processes of hiring nurses in hospitals. Method: this is a bibliographic and descriptive study, typified as Integrative Literature Review, held in the MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL and LILACS information sources, conducted in the period from August 2019 to May 2020 using the Rayyan application for the selection of studies. Results: we identified a total of 298 articles, of which 4 were selected for the sample. We defined two categories: practices adopted for the hiring of nurses and challenges faced in the hiring process. Moreover, two practices were highlighted: an annual and a weekly integration process, both aimed at introducing the institution's norms, routines, rights and duties, as well as offering training in psychomotor skills. We have perceived challenges, such as the disorganization of reception/ integration processes; the absence of institutional protocols for reception/integration; the deficit in the reception of newly hired nurses on the part of veterans and unpreparedness/fear. Conclusion: this study contributes to nursing care, teaching, and research by providing a set of scientific evidence on the processes of integrating nurses in hospitals and enabling the improvement this process and patient safety. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar la evidencia científica sobre los procesos de contratación de enfermeros en hospitales. Método: se trata de un estudio bibliográfico, descriptivo, del tipo Revisión Integradora de la Literatura, en las fuentes de información MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL y LILACS, realizado en el período de agosto de 2019 a mayo de 2020 mediante la aplicación Rayyan para la selección de estudios. Resultados: se identificaron 298 artículos y se seleccionaron 4 para la muestra. Se definieron dos categorías: las prácticas adoptadas para la contratación de enfermeros y los retos a los que se enfrenta el proceso de contratación de enfermeros. Se señalaron dos prácticas: la realización de un proceso de integración anual y uno semanal, ambos con el objetivo de presentar las normas, rutinas, directrices y deberes de la institución y ofrecer una capacitación sobre las habilidades psicomotoras. Se perciben como retos a la desorganización de los procesos de contratación/integración; la ausencia de protocolos institucionales para la contratación / integración; el déficit en la acogida de los enfermeros recién contratados por parte de los veteranos y la falta de preparación/o el miedo. Conclusión: este estudio contribuye a los cuidados de enfermería, a la docencia y a la investigación, aportando un conjunto de evidencias científicas sobre los procesos de integración de enfermeros en hospitales y permitiendo la mejora de este proceso y la seguridad de los pacientes.(AU)

A New Approach for the Production of Selenium-Enriched and Probiotic Yeast Biomass from Agro-Industrial by-Products in a Stirred-Tank Bioreactor.

The production of biomolecules using agro-industrial by-products as feedstock is a growing trend worldwide. Selenium (Se) is a trace element essential for health, and the Se-enrichment of yeast biomass can enhance its benefits. This study investigated the feasibility of the production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Se-enriched biomass using a medium composed of corn bran and soybean bran acid hydrolysates as carbon and nitrogen sources in a stirred-tank reactor. After hydrolysis, hydrolysates presented complex composition and high concentrations of sugars, proteins, and minerals. The use of a stirred-tank bioreactor leads to the production of 9 g/L S. cerevisiae biomass enriched with 236.93 µg/g Se, and 99% cell viability. Likewise, the combination of sugarcane molasses and soybean bran hydrolysate was effective for cell growth of a probiotic strain of S. cerevisiae with a 24.08% ß-glucan content. The results demonstrated that starchy acid hydrolysates are low-cost and efficient substrates for the production of yeast biomass and derivate products and may contribute to further studies for a sustainable development of biorefinery technologies.

Influência das relações familiares na saúde e no estado emocional dos adolescentes / Influence of family relations on the health and emotional state of adolescents / Influencia de las relaciones familiares sobre la salud y el estado emocional de los adolescentes

A saúde dos adolescentes pode sofrer a influência de diferentes fatores, incluindo as relações familiares. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi verificar quais dimensões das relações familiares podem predizer o bem-estar durante a adolescência. Participaram 203 adolescentes, entre 12 e 18 anos, de escolas públicas de Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Inventário Beck de Depressão; Questionário de Saúde Geral de Goldberg; Inventário de Autoavaliação para Jovens; Familiograma; e Inventário do Clima Familiar. Para análise de dados, utilizaram-se estatística descritiva, comparação de grupos e análise de regressão múltipla. Os resultados demonstraram maior influência das dimensões conflito e baixa afetividade como variáveis que contribuem para a presença de sintomas depressivos, baixos escores de saúde geral e maiores escores de problemas de comportamento. Conclui-se que, para o bem-estar dos adolescentes, a família deverá ser incluída nas estratégias de avaliação e intervenção em saúde.

Adolescent health might be influenced by different factors, including family relationships. In this study, the objective was to verify which dimensions of family relationships might predict well-being during adolescence. The participants of the study were 203 adolescents, between 12 and 18 years, of public schools in Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia. The instruments used were: Beck Inventory of Depression; Goldberg General Health Questionnaire; Self-Assessment Inventory for Young People; Familiogram; and Family Climate Inventory. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, group comparison, and multiple regression analysis were used. The results showed a greater influence of conflict dimensions and low affectivity as variables that contribute to the presence of depressive symptoms, low general health scores, and higher scores of behavioral problems. It is concluded that, for the adolescents' well-being, the family should be included in health assessment and intervention strategies.

La salud del adolescente puede verse influenciada por diferentes factores, incluidas las relaciones familiares. En este estudio, el objetivo era verificar qué dimensiones de las relaciones familiares pueden predecir el bienestar durante la adolescencia. Participaron 203 adolescentes, entre 12 y 18 años, de escuelas de Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia. Los instrumentos: Inventario Beck de Depresión; Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg; Autoevaluación para Jóvenes; Familiograma; e Inventario del Clima Familiar. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó estadística descriptiva, comparación de grupos y regresión múltiple. Los resultados demostraron mayor influencia de las dimensiones conflicto y baja afectividad como variables que contribuyen a la presencia de síntomas depresivos, bajos escores de salud general y mayores escores de problemas de comportamiento. Se concluye que, para el bienestar de los adolescentes, la familia deberá ser incluida en las estrategias de evaluación y intervención en salud.

A new approach for bioethanol production from sugarcane bagasse using hydrodynamic cavitation assisted-pretreatment and column reactors.

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was adopted to assist alkaline-hydrogen peroxide pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). In the following condition: 0.29 M of NaOH, 0.78% (v/v) of H2O2, 9.95 min of process time and 3 bar of inlet pressure, 95.4% of digestibility of cellulosic fraction was achieved. To take the best use of the pretreated biomass, the overall process was intensified by way of employing a packed bed flow-through column reactor and thus enabling to handle a high solid loading of 20%, thereby leading to cellulose and hemicellulose conversions to 74.7% and 75%, respectively. In the fermentation step, a bubble column reactor was introduced to maximize ethanol production from the pretreated SCB by Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124, resulting in 31.50 g/L of ethanol, 0.49 g/g of ethanol yield and 0.68 g/L.h of productivity. All this showed that our HC-assisted NaOH-H2O2 pretreatment strategy along with the process intensification approach might offer an option for SCB-based biorefineries.

Hydrodynamic cavitation as a strategy to enhance the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment.

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is a process technology with potential for application in different areas including environmental, food processing, and biofuels production. Although HC is an undesirable phenomenon for hydraulic equipment, the net energy released during this process is enough to accelerate certain chemical reactions. The application of cavitation energy to enhance the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment is an interesting strategy proposed for integration in biorefineries for the production of bio-based products. Moreover, the use of an HC-assisted process was demonstrated as an attractive alternative when compared to other conventional pretreatment technologies. This is not only due to high pretreatment efficiency resulting in high enzymatic digestibility of carbohydrate fraction, but also, by its high energy efficiency, simple configuration, and construction of systems, besides the possibility of using on the large scale. This paper gives an overview regarding HC technology and its potential for application on the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. The parameters affecting this process and the perspectives for future developments in this area are also presented and discussed.

Ethanol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process with interconnected reactors employing hydrodynamic cavitation-pretreated sugarcane bagasse as raw material.

In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreated with alkali assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was investigated for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for bioethanol production in interconnected column reactors using immobilized Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL-Y7124. Initially, HC was employed for the evaluation of the reagent used in alkaline pretreatment. Alkalis (NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2) and NaOH recycled black liquor (successive batches) were used and their pretreatment effectiveness was assessed considering the solid composition and its enzymatic digestibility. In SSF process using NaOH-HC pretreatment SCB, 62.33% of total carbohydrate fractions were hydrolyzed and 17.26g/L of ethanol production (0.48g of ethanol/g of glucose and xylose consumed) was achieved. This proposed scheme of HC-assisted NaOH pretreatment together with our interconnected column reactors showed to be an interesting new approach for biorefineries.

Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass: A parametric study.

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), which is a highly destructive force, was employed for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The efficacy of HC was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) with determining parameters varied: inlet pressure of 1-3bar, temperature of 40-70°C, and alkaline concentration of 0.1-0.3M. At the best condition (3bar, 70°C and 0.3M NaOH), 93.05% and 94.45% of hydrolysis yield of cellulose and hemicellulose, respectively, were obtained within 30min of pretreatment time. Also, pretreatment time higher than 10min had little to do regarding to SCB composition changes using different orifice plates (16 and 27 holes, with corresponding cavitation number of 0.017 and 0.048, respectively), with higher hydrolysis yield observed at 20min of process. Therefore, HC-based approach could lead to a high yield of hydrolysis, as long as a treatment condition was right; it could be so at mild conditions and at short running time.

Current applications and different approaches for microbial L-asparaginase production

ABSTRACT L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that catalysis mainly the asparagine hydrolysis in L-aspartic acid and ammonium. This enzyme is presented in different organisms, such as microorganisms, vegetal, and some animals, including certain rodent's serum, but not unveiled in humans. It can be used as important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas (particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma), and has been a pivotal agent in chemotherapy protocols from around 30 years. Also, other important application is in food industry, by using the properties of this enzyme to reduce acrylamide levels in commercial fried foods, maintaining their characteristics (color, flavor, texture, security, etc.) Actually, L-asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine, not allowing the reaction of reducing sugars with this aminoacid for the generation of acrylamide. Currently, production of L-asparaginase is mainly based in biotechnological production by using some bacteria. However, industrial production also needs research work aiming to obtain better production yields, as well as novel process by applying different microorganisms to increase the range of applications of the produced enzyme. Within this context, this mini-review presents L-asparaginase applications, production by different microorganisms and some limitations, current investigations, as well as some challenges to be achieved for profitable industrial production.

Current applications and different approaches for microbial l-asparaginase production.

l-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that catalysis mainly the asparagine hydrolysis in l-aspartic acid and ammonium. This enzyme is presented in different organisms, such as microorganisms, vegetal, and some animals, including certain rodent's serum, but not unveiled in humans. It can be used as important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas (particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma), and has been a pivotal agent in chemotherapy protocols from around 30 years. Also, other important application is in food industry, by using the properties of this enzyme to reduce acrylamide levels in commercial fried foods, maintaining their characteristics (color, flavor, texture, security, etc.) Actually, l-asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-asparagine, not allowing the reaction of reducing sugars with this aminoacid for the generation of acrylamide. Currently, production of l-asparaginase is mainly based in biotechnological production by using some bacteria. However, industrial production also needs research work aiming to obtain better production yields, as well as novel process by applying different microorganisms to increase the range of applications of the produced enzyme. Within this context, this mini-review presents l-asparaginase applications, production by different microorganisms and some limitations, current investigations, as well as some challenges to be achieved for profitable industrial production.

Current applications and different approaches for microbial L-asparaginase production

ABSTRACT L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that catalysis mainly the asparagine hydrolysis in L-aspartic acid and ammonium. This enzyme is presented in different organisms, such as microorganisms, vegetal, and some animals, including certain rodent's serum, but not unveiled in humans. It can be used as important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas (particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma), and has been a pivotal agent in chemotherapy protocols from around 30 years. Also, other important application is in food industry, by using the properties of this enzyme to reduce acrylamide levels in commercial fried foods, maintaining their characteristics (color, flavor, texture, security, etc.) Actually, L-asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine, not allowing the reaction of reducing sugars with this aminoacid for the generation of acrylamide. Currently, production of L-asparaginase is mainly based in biotechnological production by using some bacteria. However, industrial production also needs research work aiming to obtain better production yields, as well as novel process by applying different microorganisms to increase the range of applications of the produced enzyme. Within this context, this mini-review presents L-asparaginase applications, production by different microorganisms and some limitations, current investigations, as well as some challenges to be achieved for profitable industrial production.

Potenciais interações medicamentosas identificadas em prescrições a pacientes hipertensos / Potential drug interactions identified in prescriptions to hypertensive patients

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A hipertensão arterial (HA) é uma disfunção crônica com alta prevalência entre a população brasileira e mundial. A resposta terapêutica depende, na maioria dos casos, de politerapia o que propicia interações que podem impedir os benefícios do tratamento ou ainda causar sérios riscos à saúde dos pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar dados epidemiológicos descritivos acerca das interações medicamentosas presentes em prescrições, no sentido de apontar os potenciais riscos à saúde dos pacientes atendidos em centro médico público em uma cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo. MÉTODO: Foi avaliada a população (600 pacientes de ambos os gêneros) que recebeu prescrições com, no mínimo, um medicamento anti-hipertensivo, tendo sido adquiridos na farmácia comunitária do Centro Médico "Januário Theodoro de Souza", Pradópolis, SP, entre fevereiro e março de 2009. RESULTADOS: Do total das prescrições, apenas 16,30% se baseou na monoterapia. Ao todo, foram prescritos 1855 medicamentos, ou seja, três medicamentos/paciente, não necessariamente fármacos anti-hipertensivos. Verificou-se 1440 interações, sendo 192 tipos diferentes, com média de 2,4 interações/paciente. Dos fármacos não anti-hipertensivos, os mais prescritos foram ácido acetilsalicílico (24,5%) e dipirona (14,0%). A maioria dos hipertensos foi submetida à politerapia e, portanto, frequentemente expostos às interações, principalmente com anti-inflamatórios não esteroides, o que, dentre outros efeitos adversos, corroboram para o aumento da pressão arterial. CONCLUSÃO: A politerapia anti-hipertensiva, inerente à prescrição, tem potencial para acarretar prejuízos à eficácia e segurança terapêutica (incluindo falta de adesão ao tratamento), devido às elevadas possibilidades de interações negativas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hypertension is a chronic disorder with high prevalence among the Brazilian and worldwide population. The therapeutic response depends, in most cases, on the polytherapy, which provides interactions that may avoid the benefits of treatment or cause serious health risks to patients. The aim of this study was to present descriptive epidemiological data about drug interactions in the prescriptions, in order to point out potential risks to the health of patients treated in a Public Medical Center in a cityin the São Paulo state. METHOD: It was evaluated the population (600 patients of both genders) who received prescriptions containing, at least one, antihypertensive medication, which were acquired in the community pharmacy of the Medical Center "Januário Theodoro de Souza," Pradópolis, SP, between February and March/2009. RESULTS: Of the total prescriptions, only 16.3% were based on monotherapy. A total of 1855 drug prescriptions were recorded considering antihypertensive and other drugs, an average of three drugs per patient. There were 1440 drug interactions of 192 different types, with an average of 2.4 interactions per patient. Considering the non-antihypertensive drugs the most prescribed were acetylsalicylic acid (24.5%) and dipyrone (14.0%). Most hypertensive patients underwent polytherapy and therefore were frequently exposed to interactions, particularlyof antihypertensive with steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which, amongst other adverse effects, corroborate to increase blood pressure. CONCLUSION: The antihypertensive polytherapy, inherent in the prescription for treating this disorder, is potentially harmful to the efficacy and safety (including lack of adherence to treatment), due to high chances of negative interactions.

[Family planning under the view of development]. / Planejamento familiar na perspectiva do desenvolvimento.

The present essay has as objective to critically analyze the current limitations of the family planning applied in public health and to consider changes considering the model of social sciences applied to health and the perspective of the family development. The proposal of this work appeared because of the high number of women who requested maternity assistance in the region of the Recôncavo of Bahia in the year of 2006. By analyzing the variables and methods involved in the family planning, it was possible to verify the following fault: responsibility and exclusive participation of the women, focus in the individual, the number of children as main goal of the planning, biological model, disrespect of the cultural aspects of the partner. In this essay we present the proposal of family planning of the perspective of the development that will be tested as a model of intervention in a future study.

Planejamento familiar na perspectiva do desenvolvimento / Family planning under the view of development

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo analisar criticamente as limitações atuais do planejamento familiar aplicado na saúde pública e propor mudanças considerando o modelo das ciências sociais aplicadas à saúde e a perspectiva do desenvolvimento familiar. A proposta deste trabalho surgiu do elevado número de mulheres que solicitara o auxílio maternidade na região do Recôncavo da Bahia no ano de 2006. Através da análise das variáveis e dos métodos envolvidos no planejamento familiar, foi possível verificar as seguintes falhas: responsabilidade e participação exclusiva das mulheres, foco no indivíduo, o número de filhos como principal meta do planejamento, modelo biológico, desconsideração dos aspectos socioculturais. Neste ensaio, apresentamos a proposta de planejamento familiar na perspectiva do desenvolvimento, que será testada como modelo de intervenção em um estudo futuro.

The present essay has as objective to critically analyze the current limitations of the family planning applied in public health and to consider changes considering the model of social sciences applied to health and the perspective of the family development. The proposal of this work appeared because of the high number of women who requested maternity assistance in the region of the Recôncavo of Bahia in the year of 2006. By analyzing the variables and methods involved in the family planning, it was possible to verify the following fault: responsibility and exclusive participation of the women, focus in the individual, the number of children as main goal of the planning, biological model, disrespect of the cultural aspects of the partner. In this essay we present the proposal of family planning of the perspective of the development that will be tested as a model of intervention in a future study.

Qualidade de vida, condições e auto-percepção da saúde entre idosos hipertensos e não hipertensos / Quality of life, health conditions and self related health among hypertensive and non hypertensive elderly

O objetivo foi investigar o estilo de vida, as condições e a auto-percepção da saúde e da qualidade de vida entre idosos hipertensos e não hipertensos do município de Patos de Minas (MG). Participaram 364 idosos, sendo 54,7% hipertensos. Utilizaram-se: anamnese (histórico de saúde, engajamento social, estilo de vida e saúde percebida); Escala de Lawton; Mini-Exame do Estado Mental; Escala de Qualidade de Vida de Flanagan. Foram feitas estatísticas descritivas, comparativas de grupos, correlação e regressão linear. Os resultados indicaram que a qualidade de vida foi influenciada pelas atividades física e religiosa, e pela saúde percebida, comparada a contemporâneos. A saúde percebida hoje foi influenciada pelas mesmas variáveis e pela hipertensão arterial. Considerou-se que a continuidade de estudos que investiguem a qualidade de vida e a saúde percebida é necessária para a consolidação de modelos teóricos do desenvolvimento psicossocial de idosos saudáveis ou não.(AU)

The aim was to investigate the lifestyle, conditions and self perception of healt hand quality of life among hypertensive and non hypertensive elderly of Patos de Minas-MG. Participated 364 elderly, 54.7% was hypertensive. We used: anamnesis (history of social engagement, health, lifestyle and self-related health); Scale of Lawton; Mini-Mental State Examination; Scale of Quality of Life of Flanagan. Descriptive statistics were made, comparative groups, correlation and regression analysis. The results indicated that the quality of life has been influenced by religious and physical activities, and self-related health compared to contemporaries. Self-related health seen today was influenced by the same variables and hypertension. It was considered that the continuity of studies that investigate the quality of life and self-related health is necessary for the consolidation of theoretical models of the psychosocial development of healthy elderly or not.(AU)