Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Anafilaxia/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/imunologia , Penaeidae/imunologia , Alimentos Marinhos/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Animais , Baratas/imunologia , Reações Cruzadas/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácaros/imunologiaRESUMO
Animal bites are a serious public health issue, and prevention strategies have been consistently documented worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize human anti-rabies treatment in 11 counties of the Salgado microregion, Pará state, Brazil, which borders the Bragantina microregion, where exposures of human rabies were reported in 2004 and 2005. A descriptive retrospective study was conducted using anti-rabies treatment notifications registered in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) database of the State Department of Public Health of Pará (SESPA) from January 2000 to December 2014. In this period, 13,403 exposures were reported, with a growing annual trend (Y = 68.571x + 344.96). The years 2012 and 2013 presented the highest exposure incidence. Salinópolis was the county with the highest average annual incidence per 10,000 persons (62.83), followed by São João de Pirabas (43.28) and São Caetano de Odivelas (41.27). Most patients were males (59.6%) and were 1-19 years old (48.7%). The main species involved in aggressions were dogs (74.1%), followed by bats (13.1%) and cats (7.4%). Biting was the most common kind of exposure, mostly on the lower limbs (39.6%). This study shows that aggression by bats was the second most common cause of demand for the service in the region for the past 14 years. The low quality of records may increase the difficulty of rabies surveillance in Pará.
Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas/veterinária , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Profilaxia Pós-Exposição/estatística & dados numéricos , Raiva/epidemiologia , Raiva/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Gatos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Quirópteros/virologia , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Profilaxia Pós-Exposição/métodos , Saúde Pública/métodos , Saúde Pública/estatística & dados numéricos , Raiva/transmissão , Raiva/virologia , Vacina Antirrábica/administração & dosagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is widely used in Brazilian agriculture for pest control. Although honeybees are not targets of fipronil, studies indicate that this pesticide can be harmful to honeybees. To assess the effects of fipronil in the brain of Africanized Apis mellifera workers, this study focused on the toxico-proteome profiling of the brain of newly emerged and aged honeybee workers that were exposed to a sub-lethal dose (10 pg fipronil per day. i.e. (1)/100 of LD50/bee/day during 5 days) of the insecticide. Proteomic analysis identified 25 proteins that were differentially up-regulated or down-regulated when the fipronil-exposed and non-exposed groups were compared. These proteins are potentially related to pathogen susceptibility, neuronal chemical stress, neuronal protein misfolding, and occurrence of apoptosis, ischemia, visual impairment, damaged synapse formation, brain degeneration, memory and learning impairment. The exposure of honeybees to a very low dose of fipronil, even for a short period of time (5 days), was sufficient to cause a series of important neuroproteomic changes in the brains of honeybees.
Assuntos
Abelhas , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Proteoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirazóis/toxicidade , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Brasil , Dose Letal Mediana , Testes de Toxicidade SubagudaAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Botulismo/diagnóstico , Botulismo/imunologia , Neurotoxinas , Neurotoxinas/imunologia , Neurotoxinas/uso terapêutico , Formação de Anticorpos , Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Toxinas Botulínicas/imunologia , Western Blotting/métodos , Western Blotting , Formação de Anticorpos/genética , Formação de Anticorpos/fisiologia , Antitoxina Botulínica/administração & dosagem , Antitoxina Botulínica/imunologia , Antitoxina Botulínica/uso terapêutico , Western Blotting/tendências , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/imunologia , Clostridium botulinum tipo A/imunologia , Resistência a Medicamentos/imunologia , Fármacos Neuromusculares/imunologia , Paresia/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Biomarcadores/sangue , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fármacos Neuromusculares/uso terapêutico , Paresia/sangue , Paresia/imunologiaRESUMO
Plantas medicinais são utilizadas mundialmente como uma das principais formas de cuidado primário de saúde. No entanto, a literatura indica que muitas espécies podem apresentar composição química variável, toxicidade ou difícil identificação. O objetivo do presente estudo foi obter critérios úteis para o controle de qualidade farmacognóstico das principais espécies vegetais de uso popular no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando metodologias de análise botânica (morfodiagnose macro e microscópica) e química (triagem fitoquímica e cromatografia em camada delgada), evitando assim adulterações ou uso inadequado dessas plantas medicinais no estado. No total, sete espécies foram analisadas Acmella oleracea, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Lippia alba, Mentha piperita, Ocimum gratissimum, Peumus boldus e Rosmarinus officinalis. Diversos marcadores botânicos e fitoquímicos foram identificados, contribuindo dessa forma para a correta identificação destas espécies de plantas medicinais importantes no estado do Rio Grande do Norte.
Medicinal plants are worldwide used as one of the main forms of primary healthcare. However, the literature indicates that many species may have variable chemical composition, toxicity, or even difficult identification. The aim of this study was to obtain useful criteria for pharmacognostic quality control of the main plant species of popular use in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, using methods of botanical (macro and microscopic morphodiagnosis) and chemical (phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography) analysis, thus preventing adulteration or inappropriate use of these medicinal plants in the state. In total, seven species were analyzed Acmella oleracea, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Lippia alba, Mentha piperita, Ocimum gratissimum, Peumus boldus and Rosmarinus officinalis. Several botanical and phytochemical markers were identified, thereby contributing to the correct identification of these important medicinal plant species in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.
Assuntos
Plantas Medicinais/metabolismo , Controle de Qualidade , Botânica/métodos , /métodos , Cromatografia em Camada Fina/métodosRESUMO
PP/MMT nanocomposites were prepared by solution intercalation using sonication and quiescent conditions, and the effects on the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated by WAXD, TEM, DMA, TGA and DSC analyses. The present study aims to clarify the effects of ultrasound use on the organoclay surface with different amounts of organic modifiers and on the exfoliation processes. The sonication process decreased around of 200 nm the aspect ratio of C15A organoclay. Besides, the effectiveness of the ultrasound process was only achieved with the C15A system because there is a small energetic barrier between their layers (clay with larger d 001). The sonication process increased the exfoliation and distribution of the C15A platelets in the PP matrix, increasing by 5% its reinforcement capacity. However, for I44P system, the use of ultrasound did not show any significant effect on the morphology and consequently on the final properties of the PP matrix. The T(c) temperature and the thermal stability of the PP nanocomposites were increased, independent of the clay type or of the ultrasound use.
Assuntos
Silicatos de Alumínio/química , Silicatos de Alumínio/efeitos da radiação , Emulsões/química , Emulsões/efeitos da radiação , Compostos Orgânicos/química , Compostos Orgânicos/efeitos da radiação , Sonicação/métodos , Argila , Doses de RadiaçãoRESUMO
Triamcinolone (TRI), a drug widely used in the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases, is practically insoluble in water, which limits its use in eye drops. Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been used to increase the solubility or dissolution rate of drugs. The purpose of the present study was to validate a UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for quantitative analysis of TRI in inclusion complexes with beta-cyclodextrin (B-CD) associated with triethanolamine (TEA) (ternary complex). The proposed analytical method was validated with respect to the parameters established by the Brazilian regulatory National Agency of Sanitary Monitoring ANVISA). The analytical measurements of absorbance were made at 242nm, at room temperature, in a 1-cm path-length cuvette. The precision and accuracy studies were performed at five concentration levels (4, 8, 12, 18 and 20µg.mL-1. The B-CD associated with TEA did not provoke any alteration in the photochemical behavior of TRI. The results for the measured analytical parameters showed the success of the method. The standard curve was linear (r2 > 0.999) in the concentration range from 2 to 24 µg.mL-1. The method achieved good precision levels in the inter-day (relative standard deviation-RSD <3.4%) and reproducibility (RSD <3.8%) tests. The accuracy was about 80% and the pH changes introduced in the robustness study did not reveal any relevant interference at any of the studied concentrations. The experimental results demonstrate a simple, rapid and affordable UV-Vis spectrophotometric method that could be applied to the quantitation of TRI in this ternary complex.
A triancinolona (TRI) é um fármaco amplamente utilizado no tratamento de doenças inflamatórias do globo ocular e é praticamente insolúvel em água, o que limita sua utilização na forma de colírio. As ciclodextrinas (CDs) têm sido utilizadas com sucesso para aumentar a solubilidade ou velocidade de dissolução de fármacos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a validação de uma metodologia analítica para a TRI a partir de complexos de inclusão com beta-ciclodextrina (B-CD) associada com a trietanolamina (TEA) (complexo ternário) por espectrofotometria de UV-Vis. A validação do método proposto foi realizada de acordo com os parâmetros analíticos estabelecidos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). As análises quantitativas foram realizadas a 242nm a temperatura ambiente, utilizando cubeta de quartzo de 1cm. Os estudos de precisão e exatidão foram realizados para cinco níveis de concentração (4, 8, 12, 18 e 20µg.mL-1). A B-CD associada a TEA não alterou o comportamento fotoquímico da TRI. Os resultados da avaliação dos parâmetros analíticos demonstraram o sucesso da metodologia. A curva padrão apresentou linearidade (r2 > 0.999) na faixa de concentração de 2 a 24µg.mL-1. A metodologia apresentou bons níveis de precisão para o estudo inter dia (desvio padrão relativo-DPR <3.4%) e reprodutibilidade (DPR<3.8%). A exatidão ficou em torno de 80% e a variação de pH inserida no estudo de robustez não revelou uma interferência significativa em todas as concentrações estudadas. Os resultados experimentais demonstraram um simples, rápido e viável método de espectrofotometria de UV-Vis com aplicabilidade para a análise quantitativa da TRI a partir do complexo ternário.
Assuntos
beta-Ciclodextrinas , Fatores de Complexo Ternário , Triancinolona Acetonida/uso terapêutico , Espectrofotometria/métodosRESUMO
Chitosan based membranes to be applied on wound healing as topical drug delivery systems were developed by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) onto chitosan using cerium ammonium nitrate as chemical initiator. Evidence for graft copolymerization of the vinyl monomers onto chitosan was obtained by FTIR and DMTA. Swelling degree, cytotoxicity, thrombogenicity and haemolytic activity of these membranes were evaluated. Chitosan-graft-AA-graft-HEMA showed to be the best matrix for drug delivery systems than chitosan-graft-AA because it retains good swelling properties, but the content in HEMA has improved cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility and thrombogenic character.