Evaluation of the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of filling pastes used for pulp therapy on deciduous teeth using the micronucleus test on bone marrow from mice (Mus musculus).

Pulp therapy is the last resort for preserving deciduous teeth. However, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of many products used in this therapy are not well established. The aim of this study was to use the micronucleus test on bone marrow from mice to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of four filling pastes: zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide P.A., mineral trioxide aggregate and an iodoform paste (iodoform + camphorated + paramonochlorophenol + rifamycin + prednisolone). Male Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals, each exposed to one of the pastes, and were subdivided according to the dilutions tested: 1/10, 1/50, 1/500 and 1/1000 administered intraperitoneally (0.1ml/10g of weight). Cyclophosphamide was the positive control. The negative controls were dimethylsulfoxide and buffered saline solution. Five animals were killed 24h and five 48h after the treatment. The material was processed in accordance with Schmid (1976) and micronuclei were counted in 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE), under an optical microscope in a blinded test. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the PCE/normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) ratio in 200 erythrocytes. The micronucleus analysis results were evaluated using the conditional test for comparing proportions in situations of rare events. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used to evaluate the PCE/NCE ratio. There was significantly greater occurrence of micronuclei in the animals treated with iodoform paste at all the dilutions tested, at both sacrifice times. Greater occurrence of micronuclei was observed among the animals treated with zinc oxide and sacrificed 48h after the treatment, at the dilutions 1:50; 1:500 and 1:1000. Calcium hydroxide P.A. and mineral trioxide aggregate did not present any genotoxic or cytotoxic effects. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide and iodoform paste revealed here constitute an initial step towards their contraindication, but additional studies will be necessary in order to securely establish the risks involved in their use.

Efeitos relacionados ao uso do esteróide inalado na saúde periodontal que o médico precisa conhecer / Side adverse effects of inhaled steroids on periodontal health that physician needs to know

Objetivo: Revisar a literatura para investigar a associação entre o uso dos esteróides inalados e a presença da doença periodontal. Fontes dos dados: Foi realizada uma revisão consultando a base de dados do Medline acessando o Pubmed; foram também consultadas as fontes de dados 880, Lilacs e Scielo, com as palavras-chaves: periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) - asthma - inhaled steroids. Síntese dos dados: Os esteróides inalados se constituem na medicação de primeira escolha para o tratamento da asma persistente, sendo bem documentado os efeitos adversos na cavidade bucal, como disfagia, faringite e candidíase. Existem alguns dados sobre os possíveis efeitos deletérios que os esteróides inalados possam causar nos dentes e gengiva, como exacerbação da inflamação gengiva I, perda de inserção clínica periodontal e perda das unidades dentárias. Conclusão: Parece haver uma associação positiva entre o uso de esteróides inalados e alterações periodontais.

Objective: Review the literature to investigate the association between the use of inhaled steroids and the presence of periodontal disease. Source of data: Literature review was carried out in Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and BBO by Pubmed, using the key-words: periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) - asthma ¬inhaled steroids. Syntheses of data: Inhaled steroids are the main drug in the treatment of persistent asthma. Adverse side effects in the oral cavity are well documented, such as dysphagia, pharyngitis and candidiasis. There are some data on possible negative effects steroids cause to teeth and gums, like gingival inflammation, lack of clinical attachment and loss of teeth. Conclusion: The review suggests there is a positive association between the use of inhaled steroids and periodontal alterations.