RESUMO
Bisphosphonates (BPs) avidly bind to calcium crystals and inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, making them useful for treatment of skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, osteogenesis imperfecta and metastatic bone diseases. BPs therapeutically act by causing toxic effects on osteoclasts or interfering with specific intracellular pathways in those cells. BPs that possess nitrogen in their composition are called nitrogen-containing BPs (NBPs) and include alendronate, pamidronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and zoledronate. Simple BPs or non-NBPs do not have nitrogen in their composition, include etiodronate and clodronate, and were the first to be tested in animals and clinically used. Because BPs may be administered to pregnant women or children during deciduous and permanent teeth development, it is expected that they might disturb tooth eruption and development. A review of current literature on pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications of BPs in children, and their effects on tooth eruption and development is presented.
Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/farmacologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Dentários/efeitos dos fármacos , Difosfonatos/farmacologia , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/metabolismo , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Difosfonatos/metabolismo , Difosfonatos/uso terapêutico , HumanosRESUMO
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To identify, characterize, and quantify associations of various factors with quality of life (QoL) in patients with asthma, according to the pharmacotherapy employed. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 49 patients (≥ 18 years of age) with severe uncontrolled or refractory asthma treated at a specialized outpatient clinic of the Brazilian Unified Health Care System, regularly using high doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) or other medications, and presenting comorbidities. At a single time point, QoL was assessed with the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). The overall AQLQ score and those of its domains were correlated with demographic variables (gender and age); Asthma Control Questionnaire score; pharmacotherapy (initial IC dose, inhaler devices, and polytherapy); and comorbidities. RESULTS: Better AQLQ scores were associated with asthma control-overall (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.004-0.341; p < 0.001), "symptoms" domain (OR = 0.086; 95% CI: 0.016-0.476; p = 0.001), and "emotional function" domain (OR = 0.086; 95% CI: 0.016-0.476; p = 0.001)-and with IC dose ≤ 800 µg-"activity limitation" domain (OR = 0.249; 95% CI: 0.070-0.885; p = 0.029). Worse AQLQ scores were associated with polytherapy-"activity limitation" domain (OR = 3.651; 95% CI: 1.061-12.561; p = 0.036)-and number of comorbidities ≤ 5-"environmental stimuli" domain (OR = 5.042; 95% CI: 1.316-19.317; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Our results, the importance of this issue, and the lack of studies taking pharmacotherapy into consideration warrant longitudinal studies to establish a causal relationship between the identified factors and QoL in asthma patients.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: Identificar, caracterizar e medir a associação de fatores relacionados à qualidade de vida (QV) de pacientes asmáticos sob a perspectiva da farmacoterapia. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal com 49 pacientes (≥ 18 anos) portadores de asma grave não controlada ou asma refratária, atendidos em um ambulatório especializado do Sistema Único de Saúde, em uso regular de altas doses de corticoides inalatórios (CIs) e/ou de diversos medicamentos e com comorbidades. Obtiveram-se as medidas de QV através da aplicação do questionário Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) num único momento. O escore global e dos domínios do AQLQ foram relacionados com variáveis demográficas (gênero e idade), escore do Asthma Control Questionnaire, terapia medicamentosa (dose inicial de CI, dispositivos inalatórios e politerapia) e comorbidades. RESULTADOS: Melhores escores do AQLQ associaram-se com asma controlada - escore global (OR = 0,38; IC95%: 0,004-0,341; p < 0,001) e domínios "sintomas" (OR = 0,086; IC95%: 0,016-0,476; p = 0,001) e "função emocional" (OR = 0,086; IC95%: 0,016-0,476; p = 0,001) - e com dose de CI ≤ 800 µg - domínio "limitação de atividades" (OR = 0,249; IC95%: 0,070-0,885; p = 0,029). Piores escores do AQLQ correlacionaram-se com politerapia - domínio "limitação de atividades" (OR = 3,651; IC95%: 1,061-12,561; p = 0,036) - e com número de comorbidades ≤ 5 - domínio "estímulo ambiental" (OR = 5,042; IC95%: 1,316-19,317; p = 0,015). CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados, a importância do tema, e a escassez de estudos sob a perspectiva da farmacoterapia apontam a necessidade da realização de estudos longitudinais para se estabelecer uma relação de causalidade entre os fatores identificados e a QV em pacientes com asma.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/psicologia , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso , Qualidade de Vida , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify, characterize, and quantify associations of various factors with quality of life (QoL) in patients with asthma, according to the pharmacotherapy employed. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 49 patients (≥ 18 years of age) with severe uncontrolled or refractory asthma treated at a specialized outpatient clinic of the Brazilian Unified Health Care System, regularly using high doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) or other medications, and presenting comorbidities. At a single time point, QoL was assessed with the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). The overall AQLQ score and those of its domains were correlated with demographic variables (gender and age); Asthma Control Questionnaire score; pharmacotherapy (initial IC dose, inhaler devices, and polytherapy); and comorbidities. RESULTS: Better AQLQ scores were associated with asthma control--overall (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.004-0.341; p < 0.001), "symptoms" domain (OR = 0.086; 95% CI: 0.016-0.476; p = 0.001), and "emotional function" domain (OR = 0.086; 95% CI: 0.016-0.476; p = 0.001)-and with IC dose ≤ 800 µg--"activity limitation" domain (OR = 0.249; 95% CI: 0.070-0.885; p = 0.029). Worse AQLQ scores were associated with polytherapy--"activity limitation" domain (OR = 3.651; 95% CI: 1.061-12.561; p = 0.036)-and number of comorbidities ≤ 5--"environmental stimuli" domain (OR = 5.042; 95% CI: 1.316-19.317; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Our results, the importance of this issue, and the lack of studies taking pharmacotherapy into consideration warrant longitudinal studies to establish a causal relationship between the identified factors and QoL in asthma patients.
Assuntos
Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/psicologia , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso , Qualidade de Vida , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that may lead to limitations in regular activities, to hospitalizations and a decrease in quality of life. Adherence to drug treatment is crucial for control of the disease. The use of medicinal herbs can reduce adherence to prescriptions, as the medication may be replaced by infusions or herbal products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of use of traditional herbal medicine among severe asthmatics in Salvador. Information on use of homemade remedies was obtained through application of a questionnaire during patient visits to a referral center. We also collected data on economic and social aspects as well as disease control. One hundred and forty-four (91,1 percent) out of one hundred and fifty-eight patients evaluated used herbal medicines, but only 26.5 percent attributed improvement of asthma symptoms to this alternative treatment and only 8 had substituted a prescribed medication by herbal medicines. There was a trend towards lower adherence to prescription drug treatment in this group of patients. Despite the high frequency of use of medicinal herbs in our sample, there was no improvement in the asthma treatment in this population compared to non-users. Adherence to conventional drug treatment was satisfactory and there was neither reduction in asthma control nor increase in hospitalizations among the users of medicinal plants.
A asma é uma enfermidade inflamatória crônica das vias aéreas que pode resultar em limitações nas atividades diárias, internações e prejuízo da qualidade de vida. A adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso é fundamental para o controle da doença. O uso de plantas medicinais pode reduzir a adesão ao tratamento prescrito, à medida que os medicamentos são substituídos por chás ou ervas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência de uso de plantas medicinais entre asmáticos graves em Salvador. As informações sobre uso de remédios caseiros foram obtidas por meio de questionário durante a visita dos pacientes a um centro de referência. Foram coletados dados econômicos, sociais e de controle da doença. Cento e quarenta e quatro (91,1 por cento) dos cento e cinqüenta e oito pacientes avaliados utilizavam plantas medicinais, dos quais apenas 26,5 por cento atribuíam melhora dos sintomas da asma a este tratamento alternativo e somente 8 pacientes já haviam feito a substituição de medicamento por alguma planta medicinal. Houve tendência a menor adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso neste grupo de pacientes. Apesar da alta frequência do uso de plantas medicinais na nossa amostra, não houve melhora no tratamento da asma desta população em relação aos não-usuários. A adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso foi satisfatória, não havendo piora no controle da asma ou aumento em hospitalizações entre os usuários de plantas medicinais.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Asma/terapia , Plantas Medicinais , Serviços de Informação/estatística & dados numéricos , Usos Terapêuticos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Adesão à Medicação , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hospital admissions due to ADR in Salvador, Bahia and their outcomes. METHODS: All patients admitted in four Sentinel Hospital (ANVISA) in Salvador-Ba were evaluated and followed to determine the prevalence of admissions due to ADR and their outcomes from April to December 2007. Cases were validated by 03 algorithms. The drugs were classified by Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical Classification, organs and systems affected by the WHO criteria and severity seconds Pearson et al. Type of ADR was analyzed by Rawlins and Thompson. RESULTS: The prevalence of ADR admission was 0.5% and adjusted for exposed was 2.1%, with 316 cases. Average of hospitalization due to ADR was 12.3 days. Younger and older accounted for 28.8% and 31.1% of patients. Females and blacks were 60% of cases. Main pharmacologic groups were antineoplastics, antibiotics and diuretics, affecting skin, gastrointestinal and hematologic systems. Around 70% of the ADR was validated as defined. ADR of type A was 80% and 90% recovered, and one death (0.5%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ADR admission was similar to those described in the literature and only one patient died. As this is the first national study will form the basis for future investigations.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Notificação de Reações Adversas a Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Farmacoepidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de admissão por RAM em hospitais de Salvador-BA e seus desfechos. MÉTODOS: Todos os pacientes admitidos nos quatro hospitais sentinela da Anvisa em Salvador-BA foram avaliados e seguidos para determinar a prevalência de admissão por RAM e seus desfechos de abril a dezembro de 2007. Os casos foram validados por três algorítmos. Os medicamentos foram classificados pelo Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical Classification, órgãos e sistemas afetados pelos critérios da OMS e a gravidade segundo Pearson et al. O tipo seguiu critérios de Rawlins e Thompson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de admissão por RAM foi 0,56 por cento e corrigida (expostos) de 2,1 por cento, com 316 casos. Tempo médio de hospitalização por RAM foi de 12,3 dias. Jovens e idosos representaram 28,8 por cento e 31,1 por cento dos pacientes. Gênero feminino e raça negra corresponderam a 60 por cento dos casos. Os principais grupos farmacológicos envolvidos foram antineoplásicos, antibióticos e diuréticos, afetando pele, sistema gastrointestinal e hematológico. Reações certas ou provadas corresponderam 70 por cento, 80 por cento dos casos foram do tipo A, com 90 por cento recuperáveis e um óbito. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de admissão por RAM foi semelhante às descritas na literatura e somente um paciente foi a óbito. Por tratar-se do primeiro estudo nacional, servirá de base para futuras investigações.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hospital admissions due to ADR in Salvador, Bahia and their outcomes. METHODS: All patients admitted in four Sentinel Hospital (ANVISA) in Salvador-Ba were evaluated and followed to determine the prevalence of admissions due to ADR and their outcomes from April to December 2007. Cases were validated by 03 algorithms. The drugs were classified by Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical Classification, organs and systems affected by the WHO criteria and severity seconds Pearson et al. Type of ADR was analyzed by Rawlins and Thompson. RESULTS: The prevalence of ADR admission was 0.5 percent and adjusted for exposed was 2.1 percent, with 316 cases. Average of hospitalization due to ADR was 12.3 days. Younger and older accounted for 28.8 percent and 31.1 percent of patients. Females and blacks were 60 percent of cases. Main pharmacologic groups were antineoplastics, antibiotics and diuretics, affecting skin, gastrointestinal and hematologic systems. Around 70 percent of the ADR was validated as defined. ADR of type A was 80 percent and 90 percent recovered, and one death (0.5 percent). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ADR admission was similar to those described in the literature and only one patient died. As this is the first national study will form the basis for future investigations.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Sistemas de Notificação de Reações Adversas a Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Preparações Farmacêuticas/efeitos adversos , Brasil , Farmacoepidemiologia , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Determinar a taxa de adesão ao tratamento padrão com corticóide inalatório em pacientes com asma grave, identificar seus fatores preditores e avaliar a relação entre adesão ao tratamento e os parâmetros de resposta clínica e funcional. MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva de pacientes atendidos no Programa de Controle da Asma e da Rinite Alérgica na Bahia, Brasil. O estudo incluiu 160 pacientes com asma grave, acompanhados por um período de 180 dias para medida da adesão (variável dependente) ao corticóide inalatório prescrito. As variáveis independentes foram determinadas na avaliação inicial e durante seis meses através de entrevistas e aplicação de questionário estruturado. Os pacientes registraram em um diário as doses não utilizadas. RESULTADOS: Do total de 160 pacientes, 158 completaram o estudo. A taxa de adesão ao tratamento foi de 83,8 por cento. Dos 158 pacientes, 112 (70,9 por cento) foram considerados aderentes ao tratamento (ponto de corte: 80 por cento de todas as doses administradas). Houve associação significante entre o controle da asma e adesão ao tratamento. Os fatores relacionados a uma baixa adesão foram efeitos adversos, local de residência distante do centro de referência, dificuldade de pagar pelo transporte e regime posológico. Outros fatores, como sintomas depressivos, religião e classe econômica, não tiveram relação com a adesão. CONCLUSÕES: A adesão ao tratamento foi considerada elevada, havendo relação com a resposta clínica ao tratamento em uma amostra de pacientes com asma grave atendidos em um programa público com fornecimento gratuito de medicamentos e atendimento multidisciplinar em unidade de referência.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of adherence to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with severe asthma, to identify predictive factors for adherence and to evaluate the relationship between adherence to treatment and parameters of clinical and functional response. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of patients enrolled in the Program for the Control of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The study comprised 160 patients with severe asthma, monitored for 180 days in order to evaluate adherence (dependent variable) to the prescribed inhaled corticosteroid. Independent variables were assessed at baseline and for a six-month follow-up period by means of interviews and the completion of a standardized questionnaire.Patients recorded the missed doses in a diary. RESULTS: Of the 160 patients. 158 completed the study. Adherence rate was 83.8 percent. Of the 158 patients, 112 (70.9 percent) were considered adherent (cut-off point: 80 percent of prescribed doses administered). There was a significant association between asthma control and adherence to treatment.Predictors of poor adherence were adverse effects, living far from the referral center, limited resources to pay for transportation and dose schedule. Other factors, such as depressive symptoms, religion and economic status, were not associated with poor adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to asthma treatment was high and was associated with the clinical response to treatment, in a sample of patients with severe asthma enrolled in a public program that provides free medication and the assistance of a multiprofessional specialized team in a referral center
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Aguda , Administração por Inalação , Corticosteroides/efeitos adversos , Antiasmáticos/efeitos adversos , Asma/fisiopatologia , Brasil , Esquema de Medicação , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Adesão à Medicação/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , EspirometriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of adherence to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with severe asthma, to identify predictive factors for adherence and to evaluate the relationship between adherence to treatment and parameters of clinical and functional response. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of patients enrolled in the Program for the Control of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The study comprised 160 patients with severe asthma, monitored for 180 days in order to evaluate adherence (dependent variable) to the prescribed inhaled corticosteroid. Independent variables were assessed at baseline and for a six-month follow-up period by means of interviews and the completion of a standardized questionnaire.Patients recorded the missed doses in a diary. RESULTS: Of the 160 patients. 158 completed the study. Adherence rate was 83.8%. Of the 158 patients, 112 (70.9%) were considered adherent (cut-off point: 80% of prescribed doses administered). There was a significant association between asthma control and adherence to treatment.Predictors of poor adherence were adverse effects, living far from the referral center, limited resources to pay for transportation and dose schedule. Other factors, such as depressive symptoms, religion and economic status, were not associated with poor adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to asthma treatment was high and was associated with the clinical response to treatment, in a sample of patients with severe asthma enrolled in a public program that provides free medication and the assistance of a multiprofessional specialized team in a referral center.