Occurrence of Selenisa sueroides (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybeans in Brazil / Ocorrência de Selenisa sueroides (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em soja no Brasil

In this study, we report the occurrence of Selenisa sueroides (Guenée, 1852) in soybean crops in Brazil. S. sueroides worms were observed defoliating soybean crops in the municipality of Itaporã, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The occurrence of this species has also been reported in the cities of Laguna Carapã, Itaquiraí, Dourados, Aral Moreira, and Chapadão do Sul, all in the same state, and the municipality of Campo Novo do Parecis, in Mato Grosso state.(AU)

Neste trabalho é relatada a ocorrência de Selenisa sueroides (Guenée, 1852) na cultura da soja no Brasil. S. sueroides foi observada desfolhando a cultura da soja no município de Itaporã, Mato Grosso do Sul. A ocorrência da espécie vem sendo notada também nas cidades de Laguna Carapã, Itaquiraí, Dourados, Aral Moreira e Chapadão do Sul, no mesmo estado, além do município de Campo Novo do Parecis, no Mato Grosso.(AU)

[Contrast-induced nephropathy]. / Nefropatia de contraste.

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an iatrogenic disorder, resulting from procedures requiring the intravascular administration of iodinated contrast media. It has an association with increased morbidity and mortality, increased costs and it remains the third most common cause of hospital-acquired kidney failure. CIN is usually defined as an increase in serum creatinine by either at least 0.5 mg/dl or by 25% from baseline within the first 48 hours after contrast administration, in the absence of other causes of renal function impairment. In its pathogenesis have been implicated 2 main mechanisms: renal vasoconstriction resulting in medullary hypoxia and direct cytotoxic effects of the contrast agents. There are several risk factors for radiocontrast nephrotoxicity but patients with underlying renal insufficiency or diabetic nephropathy with renal insufficiency have the greatest risk. Other classic risk factors include: advanced age, peri-procedural intravascular depletion, congestive heart failure. Finally, toxicity also depends on the volume, type of contrast administered and concomitant use of other nephrotoxic drugs. Since there is no specific treatment for CIN and it is limited to supportive measures, prevention is the best way to deal with this condition. In this setting it is important to use lower doses of a low or iso-osmolal agent and avoid volume depletion. Nowadays it is recommended to do volume expansion prior to and continued for several hours after the procedure. Randomized controlled trials suggest that isotonic intravenous fluids, particularly isotonic bicarbonate, confer better protection. Several pharmacologic approaches have been tested to decrease the risk of CIN in patients with preexisting renal disease, based in the mechanisms by which contrast medium is believed to cause nephrotoxicity. However, with the exception of some antioxidant agents, few of those adjunctive therapies have shown any consistent benefit. N-Acetylcysteine is the most widely studied of all prophylactic strategies and despite conflicting data it is advised to do an elevated dosage orally twice daily, the day before and the day of the procedure, based upon its potential for benefit, low toxicity and cost. This article pretends to review CIN pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical course, treatment and prevention. The authors propose themselves a prevention protocol for risk patients based on the latest clinical evidence.

Torçäo primária do grande epíploo / Primary torsion of the big epiploo

Os autores apresentam um caso de torçäo primária do grande epíploo, cujo quadro clínico sugeriu apendicite aguda. Eles apresentam uma breve revisäo da literatura de língua inglesa sobre a patologia