RESUMO
Introducción. El estudio del sistema motor y de sus trastornos ha sido un tema importante para la neurofisiología, siendo uno de sus objetivos intentar comprender los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que subyacen a las disfunciones del mismo. Desarrollo: Se revisa lo más relevante acerca de: (1) Técnicas neurofisiológicas utilizadas en el diagnóstico de la EP y otros parkinsonismos; (2) Utilidad de la estimulación magnética transcraneal (EMT); (3) Estudios neurofisiológicos de los trastornos del sueño en la EP; (4) Aspectos neurofisiológicos de la estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP). Conclusiones: Las pruebas neurofisiológicas puede ayudar en el diagnóstico diferencial del parkinsonismo además de profundizar en la fisiopatología de los síntomas y signos parkinsonianos. Diferentes técnicas pueden emplearse en el estudio de los trastornos del sueño en la EP. La EMT resulta útil tanto desde el punto de vista diagnóstico como probablemente también terapéutico en la EP. Actualmente, los registros con microelectrodos constituyen la forma más precisa de poder identificar la diana seleccionada en la cirugía de la EP (AU)
Introduction. The study of motor system and its diseases has been an interesting topic for neurophysiology, being one of the objectives of this to know the physiopathology mechanisms. Development. We review the most relevant about: (1) Neurophysiological techniques used in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other parkinsonisms; (2) Utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS); (3) Neurophysiological techniques used in the diagnosis of sleep disorders in PD patients; (4) Neurophysiological aspects of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Conclusions. Different neurophysiological techniques can be used for differential diagnosis of PD and others parkinsonisms besides to investigate in the physiopathology mechanisms. We can use different techniques for study sleep disorders in PD patients. TMS results to be utility for diagnosis and probably such as therapy in PD patients. Actually, microelectrode recording could be the best method for target identification in DBS surgery (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/psicologia , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana/métodos , Gânglios da Base/patologia , Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Hipocinesia/psicologia , Dedo em Gatilho/metabolismo , Doenças Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/metabolismo , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana/instrumentação , Gânglios da Base/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/anormalidades , Hipocinesia/terapia , Dedo em Gatilho/terapia , Doenças Respiratórias/complicaçõesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In addition to the motor disturbances experienced by the patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD), several non-motor symptoms also affect the PD patients: neurobehavior symptoms (dementia, depression, anxiety, psychosis), autonomic (postural hypotension, urinary symptoms, gastro intestinal symptoms, diaphoresis), sleep disorders (insomnia, somnolence, REM sleep behavior disorder, apnea), sensitive-motor (fatigue, diplopia, restless legs syndrome), and sensory symptoms. DEVELOPMENT: We review the most relevant about sensory symptoms in PD: visual dysfunction, olfactory dysfunction, taste, hearing loss, and pain and other sensitive associate symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Pain is frequently observed in patients with PD, being its prevalence high and probably infra diagnosed. Its identification and classification is very important for a correct treatment. Hyposmia is a common symptom in PD and could be a predictor of future PD. Visual dysfunction and hearing dysfunction among others must be considered in patients with PD.
