Consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity are associated with sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors: A nationwide study with Brazilian Schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: Consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity are risk factors for chronic diseases. AIM: To evaluate the association between food consumption and sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors of Brazilian schoolchildren between 6 and 11 years old. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A prevalence sample was calculated considering the number of children enrolled in elementary school. This sample was distributed proportionally to Brazil's macro-regions and the type of school (public or private). The questionnaire was developed in Google Forms and disseminated through the snowball technique. The questionnaire was filled in by the children's parents, with information about the child's identification and health. Afterward, the child completed a questionnaire by her/himself. We used the previously validated Illustrated Questionnaire on Food Consumption for Brazilian Schoolchildren and the Illustrated Questionnaire on Eating and Sedentary Behaviors. Food consumption was analyzed using the NOVA score and the dietary diversity score. Poisson's regression with robust variance was performed (p<0.05). RESULTS: The study included 2,021 dyads. Of these, 27.6% of children reported eating five or more ultra-processed foods and 39.0% four or fewer natural or staple foods the previous day. Using screens, proxy of sedentary behavior (Prevalence Ratio-PR = 1.8, Confidence Interval-CI95%1.2-2.8) and eating at irregular hours (PR = 1.6, CI95%1.2-2.2) were risk factors for high consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity in schoolchildren. In addition, eating the three main meals on the previous day (PR = 0.6, CI95%0.4-0.8) was identified as protective factors against the consumption of ultra-processed foods and in favor of dietary diversity among schoolchildren. CONCLUSION: Sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors were associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity in Brazilian schoolchildren.

The Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms On Body Weight Trajectory After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To conduct a systematic review to summarize the results of studies on this subject and to identify whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are good prognostic markers for body weight trajectory after bariatric surgery. RECENT FINDINGS: A considerable number of events can influence the body weight trajectory after bariatric surgery, and in the post-genomic era, genetic factors have been explored. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021240903). SNPs positively associated with poor weight loss after bariatric surgery were rs17702901, rs9939609, rs1360780, rs1126535, rs1137101, rs17782313, rs490683, and rs659366. Alternatively, SNPs rs2229616, rs5282087, rs490683, rs9819506, rs4771122, rs9939609, rs4846567, rs9930506, rs3813929, rs738409, rs696217, rs660339, rs659366, rs6265, rs1801260, and rs2419621 predicted a higher weight loss after bariatric surgery. Six studies performed with a genetic risk score (GRS) model presented significant associations between GRS and outcomes following bariatric surgery. This systematic review shows that, different SNPs and genetic models could be good predictors for body weight trajectory after bariatric surgery. Based on the results of the selected studies for this Systematic Review is possible to select SNPs and metabolic pathways of interest for the GRS construction to predict the outcome of bariatric surgery to be applied in future studies.