Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 308
Filtrar
1.
PeerJ ; 11: e15100, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36992941

RESUMO

Background: Weight loss effectively reduces cardiometabolic health risks among people with overweight and obesity, but inter-individual variability in weight loss maintenance is large. Here we studied whether baseline gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue predicts diet-induced weight loss success. Methods: Within the 8-month multicenter dietary intervention study DiOGenes, we classified a low weight-losers (low-WL) group and a high-WL group based on median weight loss percentage (9.9%) from 281 individuals. Using RNA sequencing, we identified the significantly differentially expressed genes between high-WL and low-WL at baseline and their enriched pathways. We used this information together with support vector machines with linear kernel to build classifier models that predict the weight loss classes. Results: Prediction models based on a selection of genes that are associated with the discovered pathways 'lipid metabolism' (max AUC = 0.74, 95% CI [0.62-0.86]) and 'response to virus' (max AUC = 0.72, 95% CI [0.61-0.83]) predicted the weight-loss classes high-WL/low-WL significantly better than models based on randomly selected genes (P < 0.01). The performance of the models based on 'response to virus' genes is highly dependent on those genes that are also associated with lipid metabolism. Incorporation of baseline clinical factors into these models did not noticeably enhance the model performance in most of the runs. This study demonstrates that baseline adipose tissue gene expression data, together with supervised machine learning, facilitates the characterization of the determinants of successful weight loss.


Assuntos
Dieta Redutora , Obesidade , Humanos , Obesidade/genética , Gordura Subcutânea/metabolismo , Redução de Peso/genética , Expressão Gênica/genética , Lipídeos
2.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 45(4): 818-827, 2021 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33473175

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To investigate (1) the association of four VDR polymorphisms (TaqI/rs731236, ApaI/rs7975232, FokI/rs10735810, and Bsml/rs1544410) with markers of adiposity and tissue-specific insulin resistance at baseline, after weight loss and weight maintenance; (2) the effect of the VDR polymorphisms in the SAT transcriptome in overweight/obese Caucasians of the DiOGenes cohort. METHODS: We included 553 adult obese individuals (mean BMI 34.8 kg/m2), men (n = 197) and women (n = 356) at baseline, following an 8-week weight loss intervention and 26 weeks weight maintenance. Genotyping was performed using an Illumina 660W-Quad SNP chip on the Illumina iScan Genotyping System. Tissue-specific IR was determined using Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index (HIRI), Muscle Insulin Sensitivity Index (MISI), and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Index (Adipo-IR). Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was performed to determine the effect of SNPs on SAT gene expression. RESULTS: None of the VDR polymorphisms were associated with HIRI or MISI. Interestingly, carriers of the G allele of VDR FokI showed higher Adipo-IR (GG + GA 7.8 ± 0.4 vs. AA 5.6 ± 0.5, P = 0.010) and higher systemic FFA (GG + GA: 637.8 ± 13.4 vs. AA: 547.9 ± 24.7 µmol/L, P = 0.011), even after adjustment with age, sex, center, and FM. However, eQTL analysis showed minor to no effect of these genotypes on the transcriptional level in SAT. Also, VDR polymorphisms were not related to changes in body weight and IR as result of dietary intervention (P > 0.05 for all parameters). CONCLUSIONS: The VDR Fokl variant is associated with elevated circulating FFA and Adipo-IR at baseline. Nevertheless, minor to no effect of VDR SNPs on the transcriptional level in SAT, indicating that putative mechanisms of action remain to be determined. Finally, VDR SNPs did not affect dietary intervention outcome in the present cohort.


Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina/genética , Obesidade/genética , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Composição Corporal , Feminino , Genótipo , Haplótipos , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobrepeso/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Transcriptoma , População Branca
3.
Nutrients ; 12(2)2020 Jan 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32012996

RESUMO

Microbially-produced acetate has been reported to beneficially affect metabolic health through effects on satiety, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and substrate utilization. Here, we investigate the association between sex-specific concentrations of acetate and insulin sensitivity/resistance indices (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), circulating insulin and Matsuda Index) in the Diet, Obesity and Genes (DiOGenes) Dietary study at baseline and after a low-calorie diet (LCD, 800 kcal/d). In this analysis, 692 subjects (Body Mass Index >27 kg/m2) were included, who underwent an LCD for 8 weeks. Linear mixed models were performed, which were adjusted for mean acetate concentration, center (random factor), age, weight loss, and fat-free mass (FFM). At baseline, no associations between plasma acetate and insulin sensitivity/resistance indices were found. We found a slight positive association between changes in acetate and changes in HOMA-IR (std 0.130, p = 0.033) in women, but not in men (std -0.072, p = 0.310) independently of age, weight loss and FFM. We were not able to confirm previously reported associations between acetate and insulin sensitivity in this large European cohort. The mechanisms behind the sex-specific relationship between LCD-induced changes in acetate and insulin sensitivity require further study.


Assuntos
Acetatos/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Redução de Peso , Acetatos/metabolismo , Adulto , Restrição Calórica , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
4.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 70(5): 642-4, 2016 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26838593

RESUMO

There are no standardised serving/portion sizes defined for foods consumed in the European Union (EU). Typical serving sizes can deviate significantly from the 100 g/100 ml labelling specification required by the EU legislation. Where the nutritional value of a portion is specified, the portion size is determined by the manufacturers. Our objective was to investigate the potential for standardising portion sizes for specific foods, thereby ensuring complementarity across countries. We compared portion size for 156 food items measured using a food frequency questionnaire across the seven countries participating in the Food4me study. The probability of consuming a food and the frequency of consumption differed across countries for 93% and 58% of the foods, respectively. However, the individual country mean portion size differed from the average across countries in only 16% of comparisons. Thus, although dietary choices vary markedly across countries, there is much less variation in portion sizes. Our results highlight the potential for standardisation of portion sizes on nutrition labels in the EU.


Assuntos
Inquéritos sobre Dietas/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar , Rotulagem de Alimentos/normas , Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Política Nutricional , Tamanho da Porção/estatística & dados numéricos , Ingestão de Alimentos , Europa (Continente) , Rotulagem de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Valor Nutritivo , Tamanho da Porção/normas
5.
Obes Rev ; 16(8): 666-78, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26016642

RESUMO

Risk variants of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with increased obesity. However, the evidence for associations between FTO genotype and macronutrient intake has not been reviewed systematically. Our aim was to evaluate the potential associations between FTO genotype and intakes of total energy, fat, carbohydrate and protein. We undertook a systematic literature search in OVID MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane of associations between macronutrient intake and FTO genotype in adults. Beta coefficients and confidence intervals (CIs) were used for per allele comparisons. Random-effect models assessed the pooled effect sizes. We identified 56 eligible studies reporting on 213,173 adults. For each copy of the FTO risk allele, individuals reported 6.46 kcal day(-1) (95% CI: 10.76, 2.16) lower total energy intake (P = 0.003). Total fat (P = 0.028) and protein (P = 0.006), but not carbohydrate intakes, were higher in those carrying the FTO risk allele. After adjustment for body weight, total energy intakes remained significantly lower in individuals with the FTO risk genotype (P = 0.028). The FTO risk allele is associated with a lower reported total energy intake and with altered patterns of macronutrient intake. Although significant, these differences are small and further research is needed to determine whether the associations are independent of dietary misreporting.


Assuntos
Obesidade/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Proteínas/genética , Adulto , Dioxigenase FTO Dependente de alfa-Cetoglutarato , Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Ingestão de Energia , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Genótipo , Humanos , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Fatores de Risco
6.
J Hum Hypertens ; 29(1): 58-63, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24759040

RESUMO

Randomized trials have shown significant blood pressure (BP) reductions after increased protein compared with carbohydrate intake, but the effect on BP maintenance after initial weight loss is unclear. We examined the effect of a high-protein diet on the maintenance of reduced BP after weight loss in 420 overweight adults from the Diet, Obesity and Genes study. After an 8-week weight-loss period (>8% BW), subjects (42±6 years) were randomized to either a high-protein diet (23-28 en% protein) or a lower-protein control diet (10-15 en% protein) for 26 weeks. BMI after weight loss was 30.3±4.3 kg m(-2), BP was 118/73 mm Hg and 28 subjects (6.5%) used antihypertensive agents. Systolic BP during 26 weeks of weight maintenance dietary intervention increased in both treatment groups, but it was 2.2 mm Hg less (95% CI: -4.6 to 0.2 mm Hg, P=0.08) in the high-protein group than in the lower-protein control group. In 191 (pre)hypertensive subjects (baseline systolic BP⩾120 mm Hg), a larger difference was observed (-4.2 mm Hg (-7.7, -0.7), P=0.02). The effect was attenuated after adjustment for initial BP (-3.4 mm Hg (-6.9, -0.03), P=0.048), and after additional adjustment for weight change (-2.7 mm Hg (-6.1, 0.4), P=0.11). Adjustment for 24-h urinary excretion of sodium and potassium did not change the results. Diastolic BP yielded similar results. These findings suggest that a BP reduction after weight loss is better maintained when the intake of protein is increased at the expense of carbohydrates. This effect is partly mediated by body weight.


Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Hipertensão/dietoterapia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Redução de Peso , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Dieta com Restrição de Carboidratos , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol ; 5: 39-51, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24580072

RESUMO

This review discusses dietary strategies that may improve the metabolic profile and body weight regulation in obesity. Recent evidence demonstrated that long-term health effects seem to be more beneficial for low-glycemic index (GI) diets compared to high-protein diets. Still, these results need to be confirmed by other prospective cohort studies and long-term clinical trials, and the discrepancy between these study designs needs to be explored in more detail. Furthermore, the current literature is mixed with regard to the efficacy of increased meal frequency (or snacking) regimens in causing metabolic alterations, particularly in relation to body weight control. In conclusion, a growing body of evidence suggests that dietary strategies with the aim to reduce postprandial insulin response and increase fat oxidation, and that tend to restore metabolic flexibility, have a place in the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.


Assuntos
Peso Corporal , Dieta , Metaboloma , Obesidade , Laticínios , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Índice Glicêmico , Humanos , Hiperglicemia , Hiperinsulinismo , Resistência à Insulina , Refeições , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Obesidade/terapia , Verduras
8.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 38(12): 1511-7, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24675714

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A high dietary protein (P) content and low glycemic index (LGI) have been suggested to be beneficial for weight management, but long-term studies are scarce. OBJECTIVE: The DIOGENES randomized clinical trial investigated the effect of P and GI on weight loss maintenance in overweight or obese adults in eight centers across Europe. This study reports the 1-year results in two of the centers that extended the intervention to 1 year. METHOD: After an 8-week low-calorie diet (LCD), 256 adults (body mass index >27 kg m(-)(2)) were randomized to five ad libitum diets for 12 months: high P/LGI (HP/LGI), HP/high GI (HP/HGI), low P/LGI (LP/LGI), LP/HGI and a control diet. During the first 6 months, foods were provided for free through a shop system and during the whole 12-month period, subjects received guidance by a dietician. Primary outcome variable was the change in body weight over the 12-month intervention period. RESULTS: During the LCD period, subjects lost 11.2 (10.8, 12.0) kg (mean (95% confidence interval (CI))). Average weight regain over the 12-month intervention period was 3.9 (95% CI 3.0-4.8) kg. Subjects on the HP diets regained less weight than subjects on the LP diets. The difference in weight regain after 1 year was 2.0 (0.4, 3.6) kg (P=0.017) (completers analysis, N=139) or 2.8 (1.4, 4.1) kg (P<0.001) (intention-to-treat analysis, N=256). No consistent effect of GI on weight regain was found. There were no clinically relevant differences in changes in cardiometabolic risk factors among diet groups. CONCLUSION: A higher protein content of an ad libitum diet improves weight loss maintenance in overweight and obese adults over 12 months.


Assuntos
Dieta Redutora , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Índice Glicêmico , Obesidade/terapia , Aumento de Peso , Redução de Peso , População Branca , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Restrição Calórica , Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ingestão de Energia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Família , Feminino , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Cooperação do Paciente , Fatores de Tempo , Circunferência da Cintura
9.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 38(6): 784-93, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23999198

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Mechanisms for liraglutide-induced weight loss are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of liraglutide on gastric emptying, glycemic parameters, appetite and energy metabolism in obese non-diabetic individuals. DESIGN: Participants (N=49, 18-75 years, body mass index: 30-40 kg m(-2)) were randomized to two of three treatments: liraglutide 1.8 mg, 3.0 mg, or placebo in a double-blind, incomplete crossover trial. After 5 weeks, 24-h energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation were measured in a respiratory chamber. Gastric emptying (acetaminophen absorption method), glycemic parameters and appetite were assessed during a 5-h meal test. Ad libitum energy intake during a subsequent lunch was also assessed. RESULTS: Five-hour gastric emptying (AUC(0-300 min)) was found to be equivalent for liraglutide 1.8 versus 3.0 mg (primary end point), and for both liraglutide doses versus placebo, as 90% confidence intervals for the estimated treatment ratios were contained within the prespecified interval (0.80-1.25). However, 1-h gastric emptying was 23% lower than placebo with liraglutide 3.0 mg (P=0.007), and a nonsignificant 13% lower than placebo with liraglutide 1.8 mg (P=0.14). Both liraglutide doses similarly reduced fasting glucose (0.5-0.6 mmol l(-1) versus placebo, P<0.0001), glucose Cmax and 1-h AUC versus placebo; only liraglutide 3.0 mg reduced iAUC(0-300 min) (by ∼26% versus placebo, P=0.02). Glucagon iAUC(0-300 min) decreased by ∼30%, and iAUC(0-60 min) for insulin and C-peptide was ∼20% lower with both liraglutide doses versus placebo. Liraglutide doses similarly increased mean postprandial satiety and fullness ratings, reduced hunger and prospective food consumption and decreased ad libitum energy intake by ∼16%. Liraglutide-associated reductions in EE were partly explained by a decrease in body weight. A relative shift toward increased fat and reduced carbohydrate oxidation was observed with liraglutide. Clinicaltrials.gov ID:NCT00978393. FUNDING: Novo Nordisk. CONCLUSION: Gastric emptying AUC(0-300 min) was equivalent for liraglutide 1.8 and 3.0 mg, and for liraglutide versus placebo, whereas reductions in 1-h gastric emptying of 23% with liraglutide 3.0 mg and 13% with 1.8 mg versus placebo were observed. Liraglutide 3.0 mg improved postprandial glycemia to a greater extent than liraglutide 1.8 mg. Liraglutide-induced weight loss appears to be mediated by reduced appetite and energy intake rather than increased EE.


Assuntos
Apetite/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon/análogos & derivados , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Redução de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Ingestão de Energia/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Esvaziamento Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Liraglutida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Saciação , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
Osteoporos Int ; 24(5): 1567-77, 2013 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23229471

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: On September 29, 2011, acknowledged experts in the field of vitamin D, mainly European, were brought together in order to discuss the recent scientific advances in relation to vitamin D: the current requirements and associations with various health outcomes. In this article, the discussions resulting from the meeting are summarized. INTRODUCTION: Several groups at risk for developing vitamin D insufficiency have been identified. Accordingly, reviews indicate that a significant percentage of the population worldwide have serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 50 nmol/l. In addition to the role of vitamin D in bone health, recent studies suggest that it may play a pivotal role in other systems, e.g., the cardiovascular system, pancreas, muscle, immune system and brain. Most evidence, however, is obtained from observational studies and yet inconclusive. METHODS: To exchange and broaden knowledge on the requirements for vitamin D and its effect on various health outcomes, a workshop entitled "Vitamin D Expert Meeting: Do we get enough?", was organized. RESULTS: Despite low vitamin D levels worldwide, consensus on the definition of deficiency is not yet reached. In order to define cut-off points for vitamin D whilst taking into account extraskeletal health effects, randomized controlled trials in these fields are warranted. The experts do emphasize that there is evidence to suggest an important role for vitamin D in the maintenance of optimal bone health at all ages and that vitamin D supplementation, in most studies co-administered with calcium, reduces fracture risk in the senior population. CONCLUSION: To reach a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 50 nmol/l older adults aged ≥65 years are therefore recommended to meet a mean daily vitamin D intake of 20 µg (800 IU), which is best achieved with a supplement.


Assuntos
Dieta/normas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Deficiência de Vitamina D/diagnóstico , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Europa (Continente) , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Saúde Global , Humanos , Valores de Referência , Luz Solar , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue
11.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 23(5): 417-23, 2013 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22269963

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) is a transcription factor involved in adipogenesis and energy homeostasis. Caloric restriction reduces CEBPA protein expression in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A previous report linked rs12691 SNP in CEBPA to altered concentration of fasting triglycerides. Our objective was to assess the effects of rs12691 in glucose metabolism in Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Glucose metabolism was assessed by static (glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin and resistin plasma concentrations) and dynamic (disposition index, insulin sensitivity index, HOMA-IR and acute insulin response to glucose) indices, performed at baseline and after 12 weeks of 4 dietary interventions (high saturated fatty acid (SFA), high monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), low-fat and low-fat-high-n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)) in 486 subjects with MetS. Carriers of the minor A allele of rs12691 had altered disposition index (p = 0.0003), lower acute insulin response (p = 0.005) and a lower insulin sensitivity index (p = 0.025) indicating a lower insulin sensitivity and a lower insulin secretion, at baseline and at the end of the diets. Furthermore, A allele carriers displayed lower HDL concentration. CONCLUSION: The presence of the A allele of rs12691 influences glucose metabolism of MetS patients.


Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Proteínas Estimuladoras de Ligação a CCAAT/genética , Suplementos Nutricionais , Síndrome Metabólica/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adiponectina/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Alelos , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , DNA/genética , DNA/isolamento & purificação , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Jejum , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina , Secreção de Insulina , Leptina/sangue , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/genética , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resistina/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangue
12.
Physiol Res ; 61(6): 597-607, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23098653

RESUMO

Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue changes with weight loss. Palmitoleic acid as a possible marker of endogenous lipogenesis or its functions as a lipokine are under debate. Objective was to assess the predictive role of adipose triglycerides fatty acids in weight maintenance in participants of the DIOGENES dietary intervention study. After an 8-week low calorie diet (LCD) subjects with > 8 % weight loss were randomized to 5 ad libitum weight maintenance diets for 6 months: low protein (P)/low glycemic index (GI) (LP/LGI), low P/high GI (LP/HGI), high P/low GI (HP/LGI), high P/high GI (HP/HGI), and a control diet. Fatty acid composition in adipose tissue triglycerides was determined by gas chromatography in 195 subjects before the LCD (baseline), after LCD and weight maintenance. Weight change after the maintenance phase was positively correlated with baseline adipose palmitoleic (16:1n-7), myristoleic (14:1n-5) and trans-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7t). Negative correlation was found with baseline oleic acid (18:1n-9). Lower baseline monounsaturated fatty acids (14:1n-5, 16:1n-7 and trans 16:1n-7) in adipose tissue triglycerides predict better weight maintenance. Lower oleic acid predicts lower weight decrease. These findings suggest a specific role of monounsaturated fatty acids in weight management and as weight change predictors.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/química , Ácidos Graxos/química , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adulto , Peso Corporal , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/química , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/metabolismo , Feminino , Índice Glicêmico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácido Oleico/química , Ácido Oleico/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/análise
13.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 36(12): 1545-51, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22270380

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was identified as a predictor of weight loss maintenance in overweight/obese women of the Diogenes project. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ACE acted also as a predictor in men of the Diogenes study and to compare it with that in women. DESIGN: Subjects, who lost ≥ 8% of body weight induced by low-caloric diet in an 8-week weight loss period, were assigned to weight loss maintenance with dietary intervention for 6 months. SUBJECTS: 125 overweight/obese healthy men from eight European countries who completed whole intervention. MEASUREMENTS: Concentrations and activity of serum ACE at baseline and after the 8-week weight loss, in addition to anthropometric and physiological parameters. RESULTS: Serum ACE concentration decreased by 11.3 ± 10.6% during the weight loss period in men. A greater reduction is associated with less body weight regain during the maintenance period (r=0.227, P=0.012). ACE change was able to predict a weight regain ≤ 20% after 6 months, with an odds ratio of 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-2.33, P=0.016) for every 10% reduction, which was independent of body mass index and weight loss. The prediction power was weaker in men than in women, but without a significant sex difference (P=0.137). In pooled subjects (N=218), the odds ratio was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.46-2.64, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A greater reduction of ACE during weight loss is favorable for weight maintenance in both men and women. This can offer useful information for personalized advice to improve weight loss maintenance. It also confirms the role of ACE in the metabolic pathways of weight regulation.


Assuntos
Obesidade/sangue , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/sangue , Redução de Peso , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Dieta Redutora , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Distribuição por Sexo , Aumento de Peso
14.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab ; 21(5): 398-409, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21832304

RESUMO

Nocturnal endocrine responses to exercise performed in the evening and the potential role of nutrition are poorly understood. To gain novel insight, 10 healthy men ingested carbohydrate with (C+P) and without (C) protein in a randomized order and double-blind manner during 2 hr of interval cycling followed by resistance-type exercise and into early postexercise recovery. Blood samples were obtained hourly throughout 9 hr of postexercise overnight recovery for analysis of key hormones. Muscle samples were taken from the vastus lateralis before and after exercise and then again the next morning (7 a.m.) to calculate mixed-muscle protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR). Overnight plasma hormone concentrations were converted into overall responses (expressed as area under the concentration curve) and did not differ between treatments for either growth hormone (1,464 ± 257 vs. 1,432 ± 164 pg/ml · 540 min) or total testosterone (18.3 ± 1.2 vs. 17.9 ± 1.2 nmol/L · 540 min, C and C+P, respectively). In contrast, the overnight cortisol response was higher with C+P (102 ± 11 nmol/L · 540 min) than with C (81 ± 8 nmol/L · 540 min; p = .02). Mixed-muscle FSR did not differ between C and C+P during overnight recovery (0.062% ± 0.006% and 0.062% ± 0.009%/hr, respectively) and correlated significantly with the plasma total testosterone response (r = .7, p < .01). No correlations with FSR were apparent for the response of growth hormone (r = -.2, p = .4), cortisol (r = .1, p = .6), or the ratio of testosterone to cortisol (r = .2, p = .5). In conclusion, protein ingestion during and shortly after exercise does not modulate the endocrine response or muscle protein synthesis during overnight recovery.


Assuntos
Carboidratos da Dieta/farmacologia , Proteínas Alimentares/farmacologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Proteínas Musculares/biossíntese , Descanso/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Ciclismo/fisiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Músculo Quadríceps/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Quadríceps/metabolismo , Treinamento Resistido , Testosterona/sangue , Adulto Jovem
15.
Acta Physiol (Oxf) ; 203(4): 419-27, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21707931

RESUMO

AIM: Higher winter mortality in elderly has been associated with augmented systolic blood pressure (SBP) response and with impaired defense of core temperature. Here we investigated whether the augmented SBP upon mild cold exposure remains after a rewarming period, and whether SBP changes are linked to thermoregulation. Therefore, we tested the following hypotheses: cold-induced increase in SBP (1) remains augmented after rewarming in elderly compared to young adults (2) is related to non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) upon mild cold (3) is related to vasoconstriction upon mild cold. METHODS: Blood pressure, energy expenditure (EE), skin and core temperature, skin perfusion (abdomen, forearm, both sides of hand) and % body fat were measured in 12 young adults (Y) and 12 elderly (E). Supine subjects were exposed to a thermoneutral baseline 0.5 h (T(air) = 30.1°C), 1 h mild cold (T(air) = 20.7°C), 1 h rewarming (T(air) = 34.8°C) and 1 h baseline (T(air) = 30.5°C). RESULTS: Upon mild cold only the young adults showed significant NST (Y: +2.5 ± 0.6 W m(-2), P < 0.05). No significant age effects in vasoconstriction were observed. After rewarming per cent change in SBP (%ΔSBP) remained significantly increased in both age groups and was augmented in elderly (Y: +5.0% ± 1.2% vs. E: +14.7% ± 3.1%, P < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that %ΔSBP significantly related to ΔEE upon mild cold (P < 0.01, r(2) = 0.35) and in elderly also to %body fat (P < 0.02, r(2) = 0.57). CONCLUSION: Individual changes in SBP after rewarming correlate negatively to NST. Elderly did not show NST, which explains the greater SBP increase in this group. In elderly a relatively large %body fat protected against the adverse effects of mild cold.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea , Temperatura Baixa/efeitos adversos , Reaquecimento , Termogênese , Adulto , Idoso , Metabolismo Energético , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Temperatura Cutânea , Vasoconstrição , Adulto Jovem
16.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 65(10): 1141-7, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21587283

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of a 4.1-year (range 3-6 years) lifestyle intervention according to general public health recommendations on glucose tolerance and dropout in a Dutch population with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). SUBJECTS/METHODS: In the Study on Lifestyle intervention and Impaired glucose tolerance Maastricht, 147 Caucasian IGT subjects were randomized to an intervention group (INT: n=74; 38 male, 36 female) and control group (CON: n=73; 37 male, 36 female). Annually, subjects underwent measurements of body weight, anthropometry, glucose tolerance (oral glucose tolerance test), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance), maximal aerobic capacity (VO(2) max), blood lipids and blood pressure. INT received individual advice regarding a healthy diet and physical activity. RESULTS: INT decreased their saturated fat intake, increased their carbohydrate intake (P<0.05) and VO(2) max (P=0.04) compared with CON. Body weight did not change significantly (P=0.20) between the groups. After an initial decrease, 2-h glucose levels overall increased in INT (+0.11 mmol/l), but significantly less than CON (+1.18 mmol/l; P=0.04). Diabetes incidence was lower in INT versus CON (30 versus 56%, P=0.04). Change in body weight was associated with change in 2-h glucose levels (ß=0.399 mmol/l per kg, P=0.02). Dropouts had a lower aerobic fitness and socioeconomic status, and a higher body mass index (BMI) and 2-h glucose compared with non-dropouts. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged feasible changes in diet and physical activity prevent deterioration of glucose tolerance and reduce diabetes risk. Low socioeconomic status, low aerobic fitness and high BMI and 2-h glucose are indicative of dropout to the program.


Assuntos
Peso Corporal , Dieta , Estilo de Vida , Pacientes Desistentes do Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Glicemia/análise , Glicemia/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Alimentos Orgânicos , Intolerância à Glucose/dietoterapia , Intolerância à Glucose/metabolismo , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora , Países Baixos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos
17.
Public Health ; 125(3): 121-8, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21276993

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the existing evidence about whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet may have a role as an effect modifier of active and passive smoking on human health. STUDY DESIGN: Review. METHODS: An overview of emerging evidence and published studies that cover the interaction between the Mediterranean diet and smoking. RESULTS: Both epidemiological and laboratory studies have shown that the Mediterranean diet has a protective effect against biochemical and molecular processes that lead to cancer, cardiovascular disease and respiratory illness. Based on the high daily intake of vitamins and antioxidants, the Mediterranean diet is comprised of a number of compounds that could alter certain outcomes related to smoking. Studies have indicated that certain diseases attributable to smoking, such as lung cancer, asthma and cardiovascular disease, are inversely associated with certain antioxidants and lipids. CONCLUSIONS: The literature indicates that the existence of a partial interaction between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the health effects of smoking is possible. Further research is needed to lead to a conclusive statement on this hypothesis.


Assuntos
Asma/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Dieta Mediterrânea , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Antioxidantes , Asma/etiologia , Asma/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Saúde Global , Grécia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevenção & controle , Estado Nutricional , Medicina Preventiva , Saúde Pública , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/etiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco
18.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 35(6): 800-9, 2011 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20938439

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Excessive energy intake and obesity lead to the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) may be particularly detrimental on insulin sensitivity (SI) and on other components of the MetS. OBJECTIVE: This study determined the relative efficacy of reducing dietary SFA, by isoenergetic alteration of the quality and quantity of dietary fat, on risk factors associated with MetS. DESIGN: A free-living, single-blinded dietary intervention study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: MetS subjects (n = 417) from eight European countries completed the randomized dietary intervention study with four isoenergetic diets distinct in fat quantity and quality: high-SFA; high-monounsaturated fatty acids and two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) diets, supplemented with long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) (1.2 g per day) or placebo for 12 weeks. SI estimated from an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was the primary outcome measure. Lipid and inflammatory markers associated with MetS were also determined. RESULTS: In weight-stable subjects, reducing dietary SFA intake had no effect on SI, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, inflammation or blood pressure in the entire cohort. The LFHCC n-3 PUFA diet reduced plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (P < 0.01), particularly in men. CONCLUSION: There was no effect of reducing SFA on SI in weight-stable obese MetS subjects. LC n-3 PUFA supplementation, in association with a low-fat diet, improved TAG-related MetS risk profiles.


Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/prevenção & controle , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras/métodos , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Ingestão de Energia/fisiologia , Europa (Continente) , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Glicerol/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco
19.
Obes Rev ; 12(6): 470-7, 2011 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20880099

RESUMO

This review discusses the role of enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract as chemoreceptors that sense intraluminal contents and induce changes in food intake through the release of signalling substances, such as satiety hormones. Recent evidence supports the concept that chemosensing in the gut involves G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are known to mediate gustatory signals in the oral cavity. GPCRs can be grouped into several families, depending on the stimuli to which they respond, e.g. proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, or tastants. Sensing of these stimuli by GPCRs results in hormone secretions of enteroendocrine cells, which participate in the control of food intake. A better understanding of the stimuli that induce the strongest binding with these receptors, and thus induce a strong release of hormones, can be a very useful strategy for the development of novel foods in the treatment of obesity.


Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos , Trato Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Saciação , Animais , Células Quimiorreceptoras/fisiologia , Células Enteroendócrinas/fisiologia , Alimentos , Hormônios Gastrointestinais/metabolismo , Humanos , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais , Paladar
20.
Clin Obes ; 1(2-3): 62-8, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25585570

RESUMO

There is a need to develop tools to predict individual weight loss maintenance and attrition prognosis. We aimed to identify predictors of weight loss maintenance outcome and attrition in subjects from eight European countries in the DiOGenes project. A total of 932 overweight/obese subjects (body mass index: 27-42 kg m(-2) ) were enrolled in an 8-week low-calorie diet (LCD). The 776 subjects (83%) who achieved at least 8% reduction in their initial body weight were randomized into five dietary arms varying in protein content and glycemic index for a 6-month weight maintenance period. Baseline characteristics, weight loss at weeks 1, 3 and 8 of LCD were assessed as predictors of weight loss maintenance and attrition using multivariate regression and correlation models. The multivariate model showed that the 6-month weight loss maintenance was predicted by: 7.889 - 0.343 × weight loss at week 3 + 1.505 × weight loss at week 8 + 2.422 × gender (0 = male and 1 = female gender) (R(2) = 51%, P = 0.0001). A greater weight loss at week 8 was associated with a lower attrition during the subsequent 6-month dietary intervention period (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.97, P = 0.001). Furthermore, the men showed an increased likelihood for attrition during the dietary intervention period (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.07-2.20, P = 0.02). A greater weight loss during 8 weeks of LCD and female gender predict better 6-month weight maintenance of weight loss, whereas the baseline characteristics did not predict outcome. Attrition could be strongly predicted by gender and weight loss during LCD.

SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA