Mushrooms: from nutrition to mycoremediation.

Mushrooms are well known as important food items. The uses of mushrooms in the cuisine are manifolds and are being utilized for thousands of years in both Oriental and Occidental cultures. Medicinal properties of mushrooms show an immense potential as drugs for the treatment of various diseases as they are rich in a great variety of phytochemicals. In this review, we attempted to encompass the recent knowledge and scientific advancement about mushrooms and their utilization as food or curative properties, along with their natural ability to accumulate (heavy) metals/radionuclides, which leads to an important aspect of bioremediation. However, accumulation of heavy metals and radionuclides from natural or anthropogenic sources also involves potential nutritional hazards upon consumption. These hazards have been pointed out in this review incorporating a selection of the most recently published literature.

Robertsonian translocation T (21; 21) in a female born to normal parents: a case report.

Downs syndrome (DS) occurs due to an extra copy of chromosome 21. About 3% of cases of Downs syndrome occur due to Robertsonian translocation, most commonly t (14; 21), other types of translocations are very rare cause of the syndrome. A 10-year-old patient with mental retardation was admitted following road traffic accident. Patient had flabby muscles, had delayed mile stones, stunted growth for the age, slanting of eyes, flat nasal bridge, and ineligible speech. On cytogenetic analysis the patient had karyotype showing one normal chromosome 21 and one Robertsonian translocation t (21; 21). Parents and siblings of the patient were phenotypically normal. Robertsonian translocation t (21; 21), can occur by transmission from carrier parent, due to ovarian mosaicism for Robertsonian translocation or may appear de novo. In the present case as the parents had normal karyotype and siblings were phenotypically normal, Robertsonian translocation probably have arisen de novo. The present case was a case of Downs syndrome with Robertsonian translocation t (21;21) probably arising de novo.