RESUMO
The overuse of antimicrobials in livestock has contributed to the emergence and selection of clinically relevant multidrug-resistant bacteria. In Brazil, there is no conclusive information on the occurrence of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESßL) in cattle breeding, which is an important sector of agribusiness in this country. Herein, we investigated the presence of ESßL-positive E. coli strains in dairy cattle from a commercial farm with routine practice of therapeutic cephalosporins. Ninety-five rectal swab samples were collected from healthy dairy calves and cows under treatment with ceftiofur. Samples were screened for the presence of ESßL producers, and positive isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF, with subsequent screening for genes encoding ESßL variants by PCR and sequencing. The presence of ESßL (CTX-M-15)-producing E. coli was confirmed in calves, and lactating and dry cows. Most ESßL strains with genetic homologies ≥ 90% were grouped into two major PFGE clusters, confirming the suscessful expansion of clonally related lineages in animals from different lactating cycles, on the same property. Four representatives CTX-M-15-positive E. coli strains had their genomes sequenced, belonging to the clonal complex (CC) 23 and sequence type (ST) 90. A phylogeographical landscape of ST90 was performed revealing a global One Health linkage. Our results highlight the intestinal microbiota of dairy cattle as a hotspot for the spread of critical priority ESßL-producing E. coli and demonstrate that ST90 is an international clone genomically adapted to human and animal hosts, which deserve additional investigation to determine its zoonotic potential and impact in food chain.
Assuntos
Enterococcus faecium , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Animais , Enterococcus faecium/genética , Animais de Estimação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Células Clonais , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/veterinária , Proteínas de Bactérias , Carbono-Oxigênio Ligases , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
The global dissemination of extended-spectrum-ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli has been considered a critical issue within a One Health framework. The aim of this study was to perform a genomic investigation of an ESBL-producing E. coli strain belonging to the globally spread sequence type/clonal complex ST90/CC23, isolated from gastrointestinal tract of a dog, in Brazil. Besides CTX-M-15 ESBL, this E. coli isolate carried mutations conferring resistance to human and veterinary fluoroquinolones (GyrA [Ser83Leu, Asp87Asn], ParC [Ser80Ile] and ParE [Ser458Ala]), and resistance determinants to disinfectants and pesticides. Noteworthy, phylogenomic analysis revealed that this multidrug E. coli strain clustered with ST90 lineages isolated from human, dog, and livestock in Brazil. The phylogenetic tree also revealed that this E. coli strain shares a common ancestor with isolates from the United States, Russia, Germany, and China, highlighting the potential global spreading of this clone. In summary, we report genomic data of CTX-M-15-positive E.coli ST90 colonizing a pet. Colonization of companion animals by critical resistant pathogens highlights the need for close monitoring to better understand the epidemiology and genetic factors contributing for successful adaptation of global clones at the human-animal interface.
Assuntos
Infecções por Escherichia coli , Saúde Única , Animais , Cães , Humanos , Escherichia coli , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Animais de Estimação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , beta-Lactamases/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as one of the major pathogens of humans and companion animals. Moreover, polymyxin resistance in K. pneumoniae is increasingly reported worldwide, mainly among extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)- and/or carbapenemase-producing isolates. The aim of this study was to report the draft genome sequence of a polymyxin-resistant, ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolate (14CSI) from a hospitalised domestic cat in Brazil. METHODS: Whole-genome sequencing of strain 14CSI was performed on an Illumina NextSeq platform and the genome was de novo assembled using Velvet v.1.2.10. Data analysis was performed using bioinformatics tools available from the Center for Genomic Epidemiology and the Institut Pasteur database. RESULTS: The genome size of strain 14CSI was calculated at 5 260 459 bp, with a GC content of 57.3% and comprising 5294 total genes, 28 tRNAs, 7 rRNAs, 8 ncRNAs and 237 pseudogenes. Klebsiella pneumoniae strain 14CSI belongs to sequence type 491 (ST491), presents a mutation (A14S) in the mgrB gene and co-harbours blaCTX-M-8 and qnrE1 genes. Genes conferring resistance to heavy metals were further identified. CONCLUSION: This draft genome could be used as a reference sequence for comparative analysis of polymyxin-resistant and/or CTX-M-8-producing K. pneumoniae strains circulating at the human-animal interface.
Assuntos
Klebsiella pneumoniae , Polimixinas , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brasil , Gatos , Genoma Bacteriano , Genômica , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Tetra-HidronaftalenosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 307 (ST307) has emerged as a new high-risk clone worldwide. The aim of this study was to report the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant CTX-M-15-positive K. pneumoniae strain causing urinary tract infection in a companion animal in Brazil. METHODS: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on an Illumina NextSeq platform and the genome was de novo assembled using SPAdes. Data analysis was performed using online tools from the Center for Genomic Epidemiology. RESULTS: The genome size of K. pneumoniae strain PRETA was calculated at 5 450 575 bp, containing a total of 5355 protein-coding sequences. The strain was assigned to the high-risk ST307 and carried the clinically relevant blaCTX-M-15 gene, besides other genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones, trimethoprim and fosfomycin. CONCLUSION: These data offer novel information for comparative genomic analyses in order to track the transmission dynamics and epidemiology of the newly emerging high-risk clone ST307.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , beta-Lactamases/genética , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , Cães , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Tamanho do Genoma , Genoma Bacteriano , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Farm animals have been recognised as important carriers and reservoirs of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to report the draft genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant (MDR) CTX-M-15-producing E. coli strains (47VL and 13B) isolated from different bovine hosts (a calf and a dairy cow), housed separately in a commercial dairy farm in Brazil. METHODS: Total genomic DNA of the E. coli isolates was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq paired-end 300-bp sequencing platform. Sequence reads were de novo assembled using the A5-miseq pipeline and polishing assembly in Geneious v.R9. The NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline v.3.2 was used for genome annotation, whereas whole-genome sequences were analysed using bioinformatic tools from the Center of Genomic Epidemiology and EnteroBase. RESULTS: E. coli 47VL generated a total of 3238770 and E. coli 13B a total of 1422808 paired-end reads of ca. 190× and ca. 80×, respectively. The resistome revealed that both isolates carried resistance genes to aminoglycosides, ß-lactams, macrolides, sulphonamides, trimethoprim and tetracycline. Comparative analyses revealed clonal relatedness. In fact, both isolates belonged to sequence type ST90 (clonal complex CC23) and phylogroup AxB1. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, these are the first draft genome sequences of CTX-M-15-producing E. coli ST90 isolated from bovines in South America. These data can be used to elucidate genetic features that contribute to colonisation and adaptation of CTX-M-15-producing E. coli in dairy cattle.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Genoma Bacteriano , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Animais , Bovinos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Escherichia coli/classificação , Escherichia coli/genética , Feminino , Fluoroquinolonas , Anotação de Sequência MolecularRESUMO
A colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strain was recovered from a patient with a diabetic foot infection in Brazil. Whole-genome analysis revealed that the E. coli isolate belonged to the widespread sequence type (ST) 101 and harbored the mcr-1 gene on an IncX4 plasmid that was highly similar to mcr-1-bearing IncX4 plasmids that were recently identified in Enterobacteriaceae from food, animal, and human samples recovered on different continents. These results suggest that self-transmissible IncX4-type plasmids may represent promiscuous plasmids contributing to the intercontinental spread of the mcr-1 gene.
Assuntos
Colistina/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Idoso , Brasil , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Plasmídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasmídeos/genéticaRESUMO
During a Brazilian multicentric antimicrobial resistance surveillance study, colistin resistance was investigated in 4,620 Enterobacteriaceae isolated from human, animal, food and environmental samples collected from 2000 to 2016. We present evidence that mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli has been emerging in South America since at least 2012, supporting a previous report on the possible acquisition of mcr-1-harbouring E. coli by European travellers visiting Latin American countries.
Assuntos
Animais Domésticos/microbiologia , Colistina/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Ração Animal/microbiologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Assintomáticas/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Escherichia coli/classificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Microbiologia de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Global/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , América do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a prevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus da arterite viral equina (EVAV) em equinos sadios criados nas mesorregiões Noroeste, Centro Ocidental e Norte Central do estado do Paraná. Após o cálculo do tamanho amostral, foram analisadas, utilizando a técnica de soroneutralização, amostras de soro sanguíneo de 653 equinos. Nenhum animal sororreagente foi encontrado nas mesorregiões Noroeste (0/236) e Centro Ocidental (0/99). Na mesorregião Norte Central a prevalência foi de 0,62% (2/318), totalizando 0,30%. Pode-se concluir que a arterite viral equina (AVE) ainda não representa um problema de importância epidemiológica nos equinos criados nas mesorregiões paranaenses estudadas.(AU)
The prevalence of antibodies against equine viral arteritis virus (EVAV) in healthy horses raised in Northwest, Western Central and North Central regions of the State of Paraná, Brazil was investigated. According to calculated sample size, serum samples of 653 horses were analyzed through standard virus neutralization test. No horse had antibodies to EVAV in Northwest (0/236) and in Western Central (0/99) regions. In North Central region frequency was 0.62% (2/318), with an overall prevalence of 0.30%. It can be concluded that EVA does not represent a problem of epidemiological importance in the studied regions of Paraná.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Infecções por Arterivirus/veterinária , Infecções por Arterivirus/epidemiologia , Equartevirus , Cavalos/virologia , Estudos EpidemiológicosRESUMO
The aim of this work was to perform a comparative analysis of four lateral lagoons and of the main channel of the Rosana Reservoir (Paranapanema river), southeast Brazil. The fieldwork was conducted during dry and rainy periods of 2004 and 2005. The analyzed variables were chlorophyll a, turbidity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved nutrients (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate), Secchi disk transparency, suspended solids, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity. Intense summer rainfall provided a high input of allochthonous material into the system, resulting in conspicuous changes - high turbidity and nutrient concentrations and low transparency, especially in the reservoir channel. The cluster analysis showed a clear segregation between the reservoir sampling site and the lagoons. The results evidenced the strong influence of regional factors on the limnological structure and functioning of these environments. The alternation between dry and rainy periods changes significantly the characteristics of the main channel and lagoons, mainly due to the contribution of tributaries. Spatially, the system exhibited a remarkable limnological variability. This shows the need to consider these distinct habitats in regional conservation strategy, presently focused on terrestrial habitats.
O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma análise comparativa de quatro lagoas laterais e do canal principal do reservatório de Rosana (rio Paranapanema, Brasil). O trabalho de campo foi realizado no período de setembro e novembro de 2004 e janeiro, março, maio e agosto de 2005. As variáveis analisadas foram clorofila a, turbidez, fósforo e nitrogênio total, nutrientes dissolvidos (amônio, nitrato, nitrito, fosfato e silicato), transparência do disco de Secchi, sólidos em suspensão, temperatura, pH, oxigênio dissolvido e condutividade elétrica. As chuvas de verão forneceram grande quantidade de material alóctone ao sistema, o que resultou em mudanças conspícuas - elevada turbidez e altas concentrações de nutrientes, e diminuição da transparência, especialmente no canal do reservatório. A análise de agrupamento mostrou clara a distinção entre o ponto do reservatório e as lagoas laterais. Os resultados evidenciaram a forte influência dos fatores regionais para a estrutura e funcionamento limnológico desses ambientes. A alternância entre períodos de seca e chuva muda significativamente as características do canal do reservatório e das lagoas, principalmente pela contribuição dos rios tributários. Espacialmente, o sistema apresentou uma notável variabilidade limnológica. Isso demonstra a necessidade de se considerar estes habitats em estratégia de conservação regional, focada atualmente nos ecossistemas terrestres.