Laparoscopic excision of rare case of recurrent presacral teratoma.

Tumours of the presacral space are rare to present. Most of them are benign masses, very rarely malignant. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment as it establishes the diagnosis and prevents the adverse consequences associated with malignant degeneration and secondary bacterial infection. Their surgical excision is often difficult because of their anatomic location. Very few cases have been reported so far concerning a laparoscopic management of presacral tumour. We hereby present a young girl with recurrent presacral teratoma. She underwent laparoscopic successful excision of tumour with uneventful post-operative recovery. Here, we are highlighting the importance of laparoscopic approach for this scenario in terms additional advantages of minimally invasive approach such as better visualisation of the deep structures in the narrow presacral space, precise dissection in a limited space between the tumour and neighbouring structures with avoiding injury to neurovascular structure.

Laparoscopic management of 'Y-shaped' gallbladder duplication with review of literature.

Gallbladder duplication is a rare congenital malformation that occurs in about 1:4000 cases. Congenital anomalies of the gallbladder and anatomical variations of their position are associated with an increased risk of complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We report a case of gallbladder duplication with symptomatic cholelithiasis, who presented with recurrent episodes of biliary colic and subsequently underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography. We also discussed in brief about the available literature support in relation to incidence of this disorder, imaging modalities used, intraoperative strategies and recommended measures for safe outcomes.

Effect of substrate temperature on implantation doping of Co in CdS nanocrystalline thin films.

We demonstrate doping of nanocrystalline CdS thin films with Co ions by ion implantation at an elevated temperature of 573 K. The modifications caused in structural and optical properties of these films are investigated. Co-doping does not lead to amorphization or formation of any secondary phase precipitate for dopant concentrations in the range of 0.34-10.8 at.% used in the present study. However, we observe a systematic reduction in the d-spacing with increasing cobalt concentration. Optical band gap of CdS does not show any obvious change upon Co-doping. In addition, implantation gives rise to grain growth and increase in the surface roughness. The results are discussed in the light of ion-matter interaction in the keV regime.

Nanocrystalline CdSe thin films of different morphologies in thermal evaporation process.

Cadmium selenide nanocrystalline thin films of quasi-spherical morphology are prepared by evaporating CdSe nanopowders on glass substrates. Slightly oval shaped CdSe particles of about 165 nm average size (in 2-D) could be assembled over glass substrates by controlling the film thickness. Morphologies like assembly of particles, interconnected particles with mosaic-like structures and thin films of smooth surfaces could be prepared simply by controlling film thickness. A mechanism for such morphological variations is proposed. Observed variation of band gap energy in the films is explained in terms of quantum confinement effect and substrate-film interface strain.

Size effect on the physical properties of CdS thin films prepared by integrated physical-chemical approach.

Using an integrated physical-chemical approach, nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films were prepared by evaporating chemically synthesized CdS nanorods. Both the CdS nanorods and nanocrystalline thin films exhibited hexagonal wurtzite structure. Chemically synthesized CdS nanorods of about 7 nm average diameter were flexible, frequently folded to have elliptical cage linked chain structures and aggregate to form nanorod bundles. The bandgap energy of the nanocrystalline CdS films suffered a blue shift of about 0.07 eV due to intermediate quantum confinement of charge carriers. The reaction atmosphere was found to have strong effects on the particle size control of the nanostructures. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the films revealed a broad emission at about 429 nm related to recombination of excitons and shallowly trapped electron-hole pairs, along with the near-band-edge emission. Influence of particle size and defects on the structural and optical properties of CdS nanorods and nanocrystalline thin films are discussed.