[Bone mineral density in some lung diseases]. / Sostoianie mineral'noi plotnosti kostnoi tkani pri nekotorykh zabolevaniiakh legkikh.

Bone mineral density (BMD) was studied in 93 patients, including 24 patients with nonspecific lung diseases (NLD), 20 with sarcoidosis, 23 with cancer, and 26 with tuberculosis. Among the patients from different groups, the most profound BMD changes were recorded in those with lung cancer. As compared with other groups, the patients of this group were elder and accordingly had many concomitant diseases, which was likely to affect the status of BMD. BMD changes were more marked in patients with tuberculosis than in those of the same age who had NLD and sarcoidosis. All the patients were found to risk factors of osteoporosis, such as alcohol abuse and smoking. The patients with sarcoidosis displayed less pronounced BMD changes, although they did not differ in age from patients with tuberculosis and NLD. Furthermore, women at the highest risk of osteoporosis were prevalent.

[Several possibilities of organizing multimodal treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Nekotorye vozmozhnosti optimizatsii kompleksnogo lecheniia bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

The paper analyzes the outcomes of treatment and some laboratory findings, and external respiratory function in 46 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis who were treated with drugs and chest cm-range microwave radiation in an experimental group of patients receiving isoniazid lymphotropically versus a control group taking only chemotherapy. The experimental group patients showed accelerated cessation of bacterial isolation, infiltration resolution, and less residual lung changes. They also exhibited better values of external respiratory function. The serum levels of medium-weight molecules and circulating immune complexes became normal more rapidly. The immunological indices improved slowly.

[Use of centimetric range microwave therapy in multimodality treatment of patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Primenenie mikrovolnovoi terapii santimetrovogo diapazona v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh destruktivnym tuberkulezom legkikh.

Centimeter microwave therapy (CMWT) was employed in the multimodality treatment of 50 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. Its results were compared with a matched control group comprising 43 patients. CMWT increased the rate of decay cavity closure, improved bronchial patency and prevented its deterioration. This was followed by improved lipid peroxidation, antioxidative activity, and an immunological responsiveness of the body.

[Immune indices in tuberculosis, lung cancer and chronic pneumonias]. / Immunologicheskie pokazateli pri tuberkulëze, rake lëgkikh i zatiazhnykh pnevmoniiakh.

Some immunological tests were made and lipid peroxidation studied in 147 tuberculous, 76 lung cancer and 48 lingering pneumonia patients. Blast-transformation reaction proved inhibited, absolute and proportional number of large leukocytes was low, while circulating immune complexes grew in number, tuberculin specific tests appeared insignificant in all the above diseases. Both initial and end lipid peroxidation products (dienic conjugates and malonic dialdehyde, respectively) accumulate noticeably both in tuberculosis and pneumonia, whereas in cancer only dienic conjugates increased in number. In all the groups antioxidant activity of the serum and lymphocytes lowered and correlated with CIC levels.

[Chemotherapy of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis with antioxidants and antihypoxic agents]. / Khimioterapiia destruktivnogo tuberkulëza lëgkikh s primeneniem antioksidantov i antigipoksantov.

The trial included 155 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis: 60 on conventional antibacterial therapy (isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin), 95 on intensive chemotherapy (isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, pirazinamid or ethambutol, vitamins for initial 2-3 months). 69 patients from the latter group received adjuvant antioxidants (tocopherol acetate or galascorbin) in combination with one of the antihypoxants (piracetam, calcii pangamas, piriditol). The intensive chemotherapy promoted a decrease in duration of bacterial discharge, destruction discontimation, cavernous healing, reduced incidence rates of side effects. Metabolic processes characterizing lipid peroxidation and redox improved.

[Analysis of the knowledge of phthisiology among pediatricians]. / Analiz znanii po ftiziatrii pediatrov.

Analysis of an anonymous questionnaire given to 100 pediatricians at the postgraduate training department is given. Questions involved routes of infection, early detection, clinical aspects and prevention of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. The most typical aspects of inadequate knowledge of phthisiatrics by pediatricians were defined, which may negatively affect the antituberculosis aid given to children and adolescents. The findings were used for the adjustment of a program and the content of phthisiatrics training at the postgraduate training department.

[Clinical and laboratory studies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated with pyrazinamide]. / Klinicheskie i laboratornye issledovaniia u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh, lechennykh pirazinamidom.

Different combinations of tuberculostatic drugs containing pyrazinamide were prescribed to 144 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. In 3 months of treatment, bacterial excretion was observed in 89.7% of newly diagnosed patients and in 59% of cases with chronic forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. Side effects due to pyrazinamide were registered in 16.8% of the patients. In 2-3 months of therapy there were no differences traced in the condition of the liver, lipoid peroxidation or antioxidative activity as well as in a number of immunologic indices both in subjects receiving different combinations of antituberculous drugs, containing pyrazinamide, and in the control group of patients untreated with the drug.

[Use of non-traditional methods of examination in the differential diagnosis of cancer and tuberculosis of the lungs]. / Ispo'lzovanie netraditsionnykh metodov issledovaniia v diffe- rentsia'lnoi diagnostike raka i tuberkuleza legkikh.

The immunoradiometric assay of the blood serum was performed in 61 patient with cancer and in 57 patients with tuberculosis of the lungs to determine the content of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), hydrocortisone, triiodothyronine++ (T3), thyroxin (T4), ferritin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In 200 patients (104 suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, 9--pulmonary cancer), entropy of the protein fractions of the blood serum was determined. It was established that in differential diagnosis of pulmonary cancer and tuberculosis, the determination of CEA, hydrocortisone and entropy of the protein fractions of the blood serum in the complex with the other methods were of significant importance, the determination of ACTH and ferritin content were less important.

[Ways of increasing the quality of the advanced training of therapists in phthisiology]. / Puti povysheniia kachestva podgotovki terapevtov po ftiziatrii na kursakh usovershenstvovaniia vrachei.

One hundred and thirty three therapists registered as students of the courses for advanced medical training were questionnaired anonymously on lung pathology and particularly on phthisiology. The analysis of the questionnaires revealed that their knowledge of the problems of prophylaxis, early detection and differential diagnosis of tuberculosis was not sufficient. The shortcomings were taken into consideration in the lectures and practical lessons on phthisiology. The emphasis was given to the problems which proved to be the most difficult for the therapeutists.