Model position sensing method for low fineness ratio models in a magnetic suspension and balance system.

A new model-position-sensing method for the levitation of models with a low fineness ratio (ratio of the longitudinal length to the diameter) in a magnetic suspension and balance system (MSBS) is proposed. MSBS is an ideal model-support device for wind-tunnel testing, which enables the study of flow fields around blunt bodies without flow disturbances introduced by mechanical support devices, with the aerodynamic forces determined from the magnetic forces using a pre-calibrated relationship. The new method allows wind tunnel experiments without mechanical supports with a low fineness ratio model. This method adopts two line sensors placed parallel to the central axis of the model image and measures the position with a resolution finer than 0.06 mm or deg even for thin model geometries. In addition, measurement errors were reduced by correcting a second-order term in the depth direction of the camera. A low fineness ratio circular cylinder model was levitated following sensor calibration. The model was supported in conditions with and without freestream flow. This position measurement method was also applied to a reentry capsule model. The model was levitated while keeping its position and attitude stabilized near the origin.

Preparation of RF-(VM-SiO2)n-RF/AM-Cellu Nanocomposites, and Use Thereof for the Modification of Glass and Filter Paper Surfaces: Creation of a Glass Thermoresponsive Switching Behavior and an Efficient Separation Paper Membrane.

Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomeric silica/alkyl-modified cellulose (AM-Cellu) nanocomposites [RF-(CH2-CHSiO2)n-RF/AM-Cellu; n = 2, 3; RF = CF(CF3)OC3F7] were prepared by the sol-gel reactions of the corresponding oligomer [RF-(CH2-CHSi(OMe)3)n-RF] in the presence of AM-Cellu. The nanocomposites thus obtained were applied to the surface modification of glass to exhibit a highly oleophobic/superhydrophilic characteristic on the modified surface at 20 °C. Interestingly, a temperature dependence of contact angle values of dodecane and water was observed on the modified surface at 20~70 °C, and the dodecane contact angle values were found to decrease with increasing the temperatures from 20 to 70 °C to provide from highly oleophobic to superoleophilic characteristics on the surface. On the other hand, the increase of the water contact angle values was observed with the increase in the temperatures under similar conditions to supply superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic characteristics on the modified surface. The corresponding nanocomposites were also applied to the surface modification of the filter paper under similar conditions to afford a superoleophilic/superhydrophobic characteristic on the surface. It was demonstrated that the modified filter paper is effective for the separation membrane for W/O emulsion to isolate the transparent colorless oil.

Preparation of Fluoroalkyl End-Capped Vinyltrimethoxysilane Oligomeric Silica Nanocomposites Containing Gluconamide Units Possessing Highly Oleophobic/Superhydrophobic, Highly Oleophobic/Superhydrophilic, and Superoleophilic/Superhydrophobic Characteristics on the Modified Surfaces.

Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer [RF-(CH2-CHSi(OMe)3)n-RF (RF-(VM)n-RF)] undergoes the sol-gel reaction in the presence of N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)gluconamide [Glu-Si(OEt)3] under alkaline conditions to afford the corresponding fluorinated oligomeric silica nanocomposites containing gluconamide units [RF-(VM-SiO3/2)n-RF/Glu-SiO3/2]. These obtained nanocomposites were applied to the surface modification of glass to provide the unique wettability characteristics such as highly oleophobic/superhydrophobic and highly oleophobic/superhydrophilic on the modified surfaces under a variety of conditions. Such a highly oleophobic/superhydrophobic characteristic was also observed on the modified PET (polyethylene terephthalate) fabric swatch, which was prepared under similar conditions, and this modified PET fabric swatch was applied to the separation membrane for the separation of the mixture of fluorocarbon oil and hydrocarbon oil. The RF-(VM-SiO3/2)n-RF/Glu-SiO3/2 nanocomposites, which were prepared under lower feed amounts of basic catalyst (ammonia), were found to cause gelation in water. Interestingly, it was demonstrated that these gelling nanocomposites are also applied to the surface modification of the PET fabric swatch to give a highly oleophobic/superhydrophobic characteristic on the surface. On the other hand, the modified glass surfaces treated with the corresponding nanocomposite possessing no gelling ability were found to supply the usual hydrophobic characteristic with a highly oleophobic property. More interestingly, the wettability change on the modified PET fabric swatch from highly oleophobic to superoleophilic was observed, and remained superhydrophobic after immersing the modified PET fabric swatch into water.

Preparation and Surface Property of Fluoroalkyl End-Capped Vinyltrimethoxysilane Oligomer/Talc Composite-Encapsulated Organic Compounds: Application for the Separation of Oil and Water.

Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer [R(F)-(CH2-CHSi(OMe)3)n-R(F); n = 2, 3; R(F) = CF(CF3)OC3F7 (R(F)-VM oligomer)] can undergo the sol-gel reaction in the presence of talc particles under alkaline conditions at room temperature to provide the corresponding fluorinated oligomeric silica/talc nanocomposites (RF-VM-SiO2/Talc). A variety of guest molecules such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMB), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF, 3-(hydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (THSP), and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid (R(F)-COOH) are effectively encapsulated into the R(F)-VM-SiO2/Talc composite cores to afford the corresponding fluorinated nanocomposites-encapsulated these guest molecules. The R(F)-VM-SiO2/Talc composites encapsulated low molecular weight aromatic compounds such as HMB and BPA can exhibit a superoleophilic-superhydrophobic characteristic on the surfaces; however, the R(F)-VM-SiO2/Talc composite-encapsulated THSP and R(F)-COOH exhibit a superoleophobic-superhydrophilic characteristic on the modified surfaces. In these nanocomposites, the R(F)-VM-SiO2/Talc/THSP composites are applicable to the surface modification of polyester fabric, and the modified polyester fabric possessing a superoleophobic-superhydrophilic characteristic on the surface can be used for the membrane for oil (dodecane)/water separation. In addition, the R(F)-VM-SiO2/Talc composites-encapsulated micrometer-size controlled cross-linked polystyrene particles can be also prepared under similar conditions, and the obtained composite white-colored particle powders are applied to the packing material for the column chromatography to separate water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion.

Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer/anatase titanium oxide nanocomposites possessing photocatalytic activity even after calcination at 1000°C.

Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer [R(F)-(VM)(n)-R(F)] underwent the sol-gel reaction under alkaline conditions in the presence of anatase titanium oxide nanoparticles (an-TiO(2)) in tetrahydrofuran to give the corresponding fluorinated oligomer/anatase titanium oxide nanocomposites [R(F)-(VM-SiO(2))(n)-R(F)/an-TiO(2)]. Crystalline structure of an-TiO(2) in the nanocomposites thus obtained was found to keep completely its structure without phase transformation to rutile even after calcination at 1000°C, although crystalline structure of the original an-TiO(2) nanoparticles underwent a complete phase transformation to the rutile under similar conditions. Interestingly, R(F)-(VM-SiO(2))(n)-R(F)/an-TiO(2) nanocomposites before and after calcination at 1000°C exhibited the similar photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methylene blue under UV light irradiation.

Coloring-decoloring behavior of amphiphilic fluoroalkyl end-capped N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide--acryloylmorpholine cooligomer/fluorescein nanocomposites in protic and aprotic solvents.

Amphiphilic fluoroalkyl end-capped N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide-acryloylmorpholine cooligomer/fluorescein nanocomposites afforded brilliant yellow-colored solutions in not only protic solvents such as methanol and ethanol but also protic-like solvents such as dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane, respectively. However, the corresponding non-fluorinated cooligomer/fluorescein composites and parent fluorescein gave the colorless solutions under similar conditions. On the other hand, unexpectedly, such brilliant yellow-colored solutions provided by these fluorinated nanocomposites completely disappeared in aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran. Thus, these fluorinated fluorescein nanocomposites can exhibit a coloring-decoloring behavior through solvatochromic response.

Creation of coating surfaces possessing superhydrophobic and superoleophobic characteristics with fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomeric nanocomposites having biphenylene segments.

Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomeric nanocomposites having biphenylene units [R(F)-(VM-SiO(2))(n)-R(F)/Ar-SiO(2)] were prepared by the sol-gel reaction of the corresponding oligomer [R(F)-(VM)(n)-R(F)] with 4,4'-bis(triethoxysilyl)-1,1'-biphenyl [Ar-Si(OEt)(3)] under alkaline conditions. R(F)-(VM-SiO(2))(n)-R(F)/Ar-SiO(2) nanocomposites were applied to the surface modification of PMMA to exhibit not only a good oleophobicity imparted by fluorine but also a fluorescent emission ability on the surface. Methanol sol solutions of R(F)-(VM-SiO(2))(n)-R(F)/Ar-SiO(2) nanocomposites were effective for the surface modification of glass through the dipping technique to exhibit good oleophobicity with superhydrophobicity on the modified glass surface. On the other hand, 1,2-dichloroethane sol solutions enabled R(F)-(VM-SiO(2))(n)-R(F)/Ar-SiO(2) nanocomposites to exhibit both superhydrophobic and superoleophobic characteristics on the modified surface through dipping the glass in these sol solutions.

Controlling photochromism between fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomer/polyaniline and N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine nanocomposites induced by UV-light-responsive titanium oxide nanoparticles.

Colloidal stable fluoroalkyl end-capped 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid oligomer [R(F)-(MES)(n)-R(F)]/polyaniline[PAn]/TiO(2) nanocomposites and R(F)-(MES)(n)-R(F)/An-dimer (An-dimer: N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine)/TiO(2) nanocomposites were prepared by the interactions of TiO(2) nanoparticles with R(F)-(MES)(n)-R(F)/PAn nanocomposites or R(F)-(MES)(n)-R(F)/An-dimer nanocomposites, which were prepared by the composite reaction of R(F)-(MES)(n)-R(F) oligomer with PAn or An-dimer. These two types of fluorinated TiO(2) nanocomposites can exhibit quite different photochromic behaviors: R(F)-(MES)(n)-R(F)/PAn/TiO(2) nanocomposites can exhibit a reversible wavelength change for polaron absorptions around 760-820 nm by alternation of UV irradiation and storage in the dark; in contrast, R(F)-(MES)(n)-R(F)/An-dimer/TiO(2) nanocomposites can exhibit a reversible color change from blue to colorless (a reversible absorbance change) by the similar treatment.

Preparation of perfluoro-1,3-propanedisulfonic acid/silica nanocomposites-encapsulated low molecular weight aromatic compounds possessing a nonflammable characteristic.

Perfluoro-1,3-propanedisulfonic acid/silica [PFPS/SiO(2)] nanocomposites were prepared by the sol-gel reactions of the corresponding disulfonic acid [PFPS] with tetraethoxysilane and silica nanoparticles under alkaline conditions. These fluorinated nanocomposites thus obtained can exhibit no weight loss behavior corresponding to the contents of PFPS in the composites after calcination at 800°C, although the parent PFPS can decompose completely around 270°C. In addition, we succeeded in encapsulation of a variety of low molecular weight aromatic compounds such as bisphenol-A, bisphenol-AF, bisphenol-F, 4,4'-biphenol and 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol into PFPS/SiO(2) nanocomposite cores. (1)H MAS NMR spectra, UV-vis spectra, fluorescence spectra and HPLC measurements of PFPS/SiO(2) nanocomposites-encapsulated bisphenol-A showed the presence of encapsulated bisphenol-A in the composites before and even after calcination at 800°C. Interestingly, it was verified that fluorescence spectra of PFPS/SiO(2) nanocomposites-encapsulated bisphenol-A after calcination at 800°C can exhibit an extremely red-shifted and enhanced fluorescence peak, compared to that before calcination or parent bisphenol-A.

Facile preparation of gold nanoparticles through autoreduction of gold ions in the presence of fluoroalkyl end-capped cooligomeric aggregates: LCST-triggered sol-gel switching behavior of novel thermoresponsive fluoroalkyl end-capped cooligomeric nanocomposite-encapsulated gold nanoparticles.

Thermosensitive fluoroalkyl end-capped N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide-acryloylmorpholine cooligomer, which was prepared by the cooligomerization of fluoroalkanoyl peroxide with the corresponding monomers, was applied to the autoreduction of gold ions to afford the fluorinated cooligomeric nanocomposite-encapsulated gold nanoparticles under very mild conditions; although the corresponding non-fluorinated cooligomer was not able to afford the gold nanoparticles at all under similar conditions. These fluorinated cooligomeric nanocomposites exhibited a plasmon absorption band around 520 nm related to the formation of gold nanoparticles in their aqueous solutions. Interestingly, these fluorinated nanocomposite-encapsulated gold nanoparticles can exhibit the thermoswitchable sol-gel transition through the lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-triggered aggregation of the corresponding nanocomposites, and this sol-gel switching behavior is reversible during a heating and cooling cycle.

Cross-linked fluoroalkyl end-capped co-oligomeric nanoparticle-encapsulated fullerenea new approach to the surface modification of traditional organic polymers with fullerene-containing nanoparticles.

Cross-linked fluoroalkyl end-capped co-oligomeric nanoparticle-encapsulated fullerenes, prepared by deprotecting a fluoroalkyl end-capped isocyanatoethyl methacrylate 2-butanone oxime adduct-1-hydroxy-5-adamantylacrylate co-oligomer in the presence of fullerene, were of well-defined size in the nanometer range (28-82 nm) and exhibited good dispersibility in a variety of solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 1,2-dichloroethane. Transmission electron microscopy images also showed that these nanocomposites were particles with a mean diameter of 45 nm and that the fullerenes were tightly encapsulated into fluorinated nanoparticle cores. In methanol, these fluorinated nanoparticles emitted fluorescence related to the presence of fullerene and were applied in the surface modification of traditional organic polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to effect good oleophobicity imparted by fluorine on the modified film surfaces. Interestingly, a higher fluorescent intensity of fullerene was observed on the modified PMMA surfaces, although the reverse side of these film surfaces yielded an extremely weak fluorescent intensity. More interestingly, a fluorescence microscopy image of the cross-section of the modified PMMA film showed that encapsulated fullerene was arranged regularly above the modified PMMA film surface.

Inhibition of biofilm formation using newly developed coating materials with self-cleaning properties.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibition of biofilm formation on newly developed coating materials with self-cleaning properties. A series of experimental coating materials containing fluoroalkylated acrylic acid oligomer (FAAO) were applied to resin composite substrates. The surfaces of the coating materials were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurement. Biofilm formation on the surface was assessed using Streptococcus mutans biofilms inside an oral simulator in vitro. The results indicated that an increase in the concentration of FAAO in the coating materials enhanced surface hydrophilicity and oil-repellency. Biofilm assays demonstrated that the amount of biofilm retained on the coating materials gradually decreased when the concentration of FAAO increased in the materials. It was concluded that the coating materials incorporated with FAAO possessed self-cleaning properties and displayed signs of inhibiting biofilm formation on their surfaces.

Architecture of linear arrays of fluorinated co-oligomeric nanocomposite-encapsulated gold nanoparticles: a new approach to the development of gold nanoparticles possessing an extremely red-shifted absorption characteristic.

Fluoroalkyl end-capped co-oligomeric nanoparticles, which were prepared by the reaction of fluoroalkanoyl peroxide with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and 1-hydroxy-5-adamantylacrylate (Ad-HAc), were applied to the preparation of novel fluorinated co-oligomeric nanocomposite-encapsulated gold nanoparticles. These fluorinated gold nanocomposites were easily prepared by the reductions of gold ions with poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) in the presence of the corresponding fluorinated nanoparticles and tri -n-octylamine (TOA) in 1,2-dichloroethane (DE) at room temperature. These fluorinated gold nanoparticles were isolated as wine-red powders and were found to exhibit good dispersibility in a variety of traditional organic solvents such as DE, methanol, and t-butyl alcohol to afford transparent wine-red solutions. The morphology and stability of these fluorinated co-oligomeic nanocomposite-encapsulated gold nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering measurements (DLS), and UV-vis spectroscopy. DLS measurements and UV-vis spectroscopy showed that these particles are nanometer-size-controlled very fine nanoparticles (185-218 nm) that exhibit a plasmon absorption band at around 530 nm. TEM images also showed that gold nanoparticles are tightly encapsulated into fluorinated co-oligomeric nanoparticle cores. Interestingly, these fluorinated co-oligomeric nanocomposites-encapsulated gold nanoparticles were found to afford linear arrays of these fluorinated nanoparticles with increases in the feed amounts of TOA. More interestingly, these fluorinated gold nanoparticles were able to afford the extremely red-shifted plasmon absorption band at around 960 nm.

Preparation and applications of a variety of fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomer/hydroxyapatite composites.

A variety of fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomers were applied to the preparation of fluorinated oligomer/hydroxyapatite (HAp) composites (particle size: 38-356 nm), which exhibit a good dispersibility in water and traditional organic solvents. These fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomer/HAp composites were easily prepared by the reactions of disodium hydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the presence of self-assembled molecular aggregates formed by fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomers in aqueous solutions. In these fluorinated HAp composites thus obtained, fluoroalkyl end-capped acrylic acid oligomers and 2-methacryloyloxyethanesulfonic acid oligomer/HAp nanocomposites afforded transparent colorless solutions toward water; however, fluoroalkyl end-capped N,N-dimethylacrylamide oligomer and acryloylmorpholine oligomer were found to afford transparent colorless solutions with trace amounts of white-colored HAp precipitants under similar conditions. HAp could be encapsulated more effectively into fluorinated 2-methacryloyloxyethanesulfonic acid oligomeric aggregate cores to afford colloidal stable fluorinated oligomer/HAp composites, compared to that of fluorinated acrylic acid oligomers. These fluorinated oligomer/HAp composites were applied to the surface modification of glass and PVA to exhibit a good oleophobicity imparted by fluorine. HAp formation was newly observed on the modified polyethylene terephthalate film surface treated with fluorinated 2-methacryloyloxyethanesulfonic acid oligomers and acrylic acid oligomer/HAp composites by soaking these films into the simulated body fluid.

Thermoresponsive characteristics of fluoroalkyl end-capped co-oligomers in aqueous solutions and on the poly(methyl methacrylate) film surface.

Fluoroalkyl end-capped N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide--acryloylmorpholine co-oligomers were prepared by the co-oligomerizations of fluoroalkanoyl peroxides with the corresponding monomers. These fluorinated co-oligomers exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) characteristic in aqueous solutions. Of particular interest, a steep time dependence of contact angle values for dodecane was observed from 40 to 60 degrees C to decrease their values, effectively, on the modified PMMA [poly(methyl methacrylate)] film surface treated with fluorinated co-oligomer possessing the LCST: 36 degrees C (in water), although such a steep time dependence was not observed from 20 to 30 degrees C.

Preparation and applications of novel fluoroalkyl end-capped acrylic acid oligomers/silica nanocomposites-encapsulated fullerenes.

Fluoroalkyl end-capped acrylic acid oligomers/fullerenes nanocomposites reacted smoothly with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and silica nanoparticles under alkaline conditions to give fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomers/silica composites-encapsulated fullerenes. Interestingly, these isolated fluorinated composites were found to afford nanometer size-controlled colloidal particles with a good dispersibility in a variety of organic solvents including water. More interestingly, these fluorinated silica nanocomposites-encapsulated fullerenes were applied to a new type of surface modification agent, and these nanocomposites were able to disperse well above the poly(methyl methacrylate) films to exhibit not only surface active property imparted by fluorine but also a unique characteristic related to fullerenes in the nanocomposites on the surface, effectively.

Synthesis of novel cross-linked fluorinated cooligomeric nanoparticles: synthetic approach to colloidal stable fluorinated magnetic nanocomposites.

Fluoroalkanoyl peroxides reacted with dimethacrylate monomer containing poly(oxyethylene) units and acrylic acid to afford cross-linked fluoroalkyl end-capped cooligomeric nanoparticles in excellent to moderate isolated yields under very mild conditions. These cross-linked fluorinated nanoparticles thus obtained were nanometer size-controlled, and these nanoparticles were found to exhibit a good dispersibility and stability in a variety of common organic solvents including water. Interestingly, these cross-linked fluorinated cooligomeric nanoparticles were applied to the preparation of colloidal stable cross-linked fluorinated cooligomeric magnetite nanoparticles.

Preparation of novel fluoroalkyl-end-capped 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid cooligomeric nanoparticles containing adamantane units possessing a lower critical solution temperature characteristic in organic media.

Fluoroalkyl-end-capped 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid cooligomers containing adamantyl segments were prepared by reaction of fluoroalkanoyl peroxide with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and 3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl acrylate (Ad-HAc). These obtained fluorinated AMPS-Ad-HAc cooligomers were found to form nanometer-size-controlled fine particles not only in water but also in a large variety of traditionally organic solvents. In addition, these fluorinated cooligomeric nanoparticles showed a good dispersibility in these solvents. Interestingly, the size of these fluorinated nanoparticles is extremely sensitive to solvent changes, and an increase of the particle size was observed in the solvents, in which the dielectric constant is higher or lower. More interestingly, these fluorinated AMPS-Ad-HAc cooligomeric nanoparticles exhibited a lower critical solution temperature around 52 degrees C in an organic medium (tert-butyl alcohol).

Synthesis and applications of novel fluorinated dendrimer-type copolymers by the use of fluoroalkanoyl peroxide as a key intermediate.

Fluoroalkanoyl peroxide reacted with 1,3,5,7-tetravinyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TTRV-Si) to afford fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomers containing some unreacted vinyl segments under very mild conditions. Fluoroalkyl end-capped cyclosiloxane oligomers containing some vinyl segments thus obtained reacted with N,N-dimethylacrylamide and fluoroalkanoyl peroxide to afford new fluorinated dendrimer-type block copolymers in good isolated yield. Similar reactions were also occurred by the use of 1,3,5-trivinyl-1,3,5-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane instead of TTRV-Si, and the corresponding fluorinated dendrimer-type block copolymer was obtained in good isolated yield. These fluorinated dendrimer-type block copolymers had an excellent solubility not only in water but also in traditional organic solvents including aliphatic fluorinated solvents. Interestingly, these fluorinated block copolymers were found to form the self-assembled dendrimer-type polymeric aggregates in aqueous solutions. More interestingly, these fluorinated block copolymers had an extremely higher dispersion ability of not only single-walled carbon nanotube and fullerenes but also magnetic nanoparticles into water, compared to that of the corresponding two fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomers.

Solubilization of fullerene into water with fluoroalkyl end-capped amphiphilic oligomers-novel fluorescence properties.

Solubilization of fullerene into water was studied by the use of fluoroalkyl end-capped acryloylmorpholine oligomers, N,N-dimethylacrylamide oligomers, and acrylic acid oligomers. In these fluorinated oligomers, fluoroalkyl end-capped acryloylmorpholine oligomers were more effective in solubilizing fullerene into water. Interestingly, the aqueous solutions of fullerene were applicable to fluorescence analyses.