Trends of clinical outcomes in patients with a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in Canada between 2006 and 2012.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are the leading cause of death for people aged <40 years. In Canada, the structure of trauma care has evolved independently across provinces during the last decade. However, little is known about the evolution of clinical outcomes. We aimed to compare trends in hospital mortality, unplanned readmission, hospital length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) LOS for TBI between 2006 and 2012 across Canadian provinces. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicentre cohort study based on TBI admissions across Canadian level I and II trauma centres. Data were extracted from the National Trauma Registry linked to hospital discharge databases. All adults with an injury severity score ≥12 were included. Multilevel generalized linear models were used to evaluate trends in clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Between 2006 and 2012, we observed a decrease in mortality in Canada (odd ratio [OR] = 0.95; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.92-0.98) mostly driven by Ontario (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.93-0.98). We observed a significant decrease in hospital length of stay in Canada (hazard ratio [HR]: hazard of being discharged alive from hospital = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.02) mostly driven by a decrease in Quebec (HR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01-1.04). We observed a decrease in ICU Length of stay only in Alberta (HR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.01-1.09). No trend was observed for hospital readmissions. CONCLUSION: We observed significant decreases in mortality, hospital and ICU length of stay for TBI in Canada between 2006 and 2012 but only in certain provinces. This study may represent the first step towards a better understanding of the influence of trauma system configuration on the burden of injuries in Canada.

[Quantitative And Morphological Abnormalities Of Blood Cells Counts Among Customers Received VCT Unit Of The Central Laboratory Of The CHU Of Yopougon]. / Anomalies Quantitatives Et Morphologiques De L'Hemogramme Chez Les Clients Reçus A L'Unite De CDV Du Laboratoire Central Du CHU De Yopougon.

INTRODUCTION: The hematologic abnormalities constitute a reccuring problem in the general population. The HIV infection is a favourable situation for the potentiation of these various hematologic disorders. The aim of the study was to describe the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the three blood lines of our population of study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It was a prospective cross-sectional study of descriptive type having concerned the people received at the central laboratory of CHU de Yopougon for voluntary tracking from September 1st to September 30th, 2015. RESULTS: We colliged 154 people among whom, a female prevalence was noted with a sex ratio M/F of 0.64. The age bracket from 18 to 29 years was represented (50%) with a 32.94 years median age ± 10 with the 18 and 75 years extremes represented by 50% of single people. The HIV infection prevalence was 20.37%. Anaemia was the most frequent hematologic abnormality (44.44%) its hypochromic microcitic form microcytic (50%) especially. The HIV positive patients had primarily a normochromic normocytic non regenerative anaemia (27.27%). Among HIV positive patients, 23 (65.22%) had a leuconeutropenia combined with lymphopenia at 23 (65.22%) and 12 had bicytopenia which consisted of thrombocytopenia and anaemia. A morphological abnormality of the three blood lines (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) was found in 57.41% of our subjects. CONCLUSION: To be in apparent good health, does not exclude the hematologic abnormalities presence. But an HIV infection presence, even in the absence of specific treatment, increases the risk or the degree of severity of these different qualitative and quantitative abnormalities.

INTRODUCTION: Les anomalies hématologiques constituent un problème récurrent dans la population générale. L'infection par le VIH est une situation propice pour la potentialisation de ces différents désordres hématologiques. L'objectif de l'étude était de décrire les aspects quantitatifs et qualitatifs des trois lignées sanguines de notre population d'étude. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE: Etude transversale prospective de type descriptif ayant concerné les personnes reçues au laboratoire central du CHU de Yopougon pour le dépistage volontaire du 1er septembre au 30 septembre 2015. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons colligé 154 personnes parmi lesquelles, une prédominance féminine a été notée avec un sex ratio H/F de 0,64. La tranche d'âge de 18 à 29 ans était la plus représentée (50%) avec un âge moyen de 32,94 ans ± 10 avec les extrêmes de 18 et 75 ans représentée par 50% de célibataires. La prévalence de la séropositivité au VIH était de 20,37%. L'anémie était l'anomalie hématologique la plus fréquente (44,44%) surtout la forme hypochrome microcytaire (50%). Les personnes vivant avec le VIH avaient essentiellement une anémie normochrome normocytaire (27,27%) arégénérative. Une leucopénie avec lymphopénie avait été observée chez 23 (65,22%) tous infectés par le VIH et 12 cas de bicytopénie faite de thrombopénie et d'anémie avaient été observés. Des anomalies morphologiques portant sur les trois lignées sanguines (globules rouges, globules blancs et plaquettes) ont été retrouvées chez 57,41% de nos sujets. CONCLUSION: Etre en bonne santé apparente, n'exclut pas la présence d'anomalies hématologiques. Mais l'association d'une infection par le VIH, même en l'absence de traitement spécifique, augmente le risque ou le degré de sévérité de ces différentes anomalies qualitatives et quantitatives.

[Evaluation of the protocol CMA reinforced in the treatment of endemic Burkitt lymphoma at CHU of Yopougon in Abidjan]. / Evaluation du protocole CMA renforcé dans le traitement du lymphome de Burkitt endémique au CHU de Yopougon à Abidjan.

We report the results of the protocol CMA (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, Aracytine) reinforced of 26 patients affected by Burkitt lymphoma in facial-maxillary localisation, in a retrospective study from January 2000 till December 2007 and prospective from January till September 2008. Their average age was 7.89 years, with a sex ratio of 2.71. The global response to the treatment was 92.3% with 57.7% of complete remission and 34.6% of incomplete remission. The morbidity related to treatment was essentially a haematological complication (84.6%) and hydroelectrolytic complication (84.6%). Evolution was made towards death in 30.8 and 15.4% were lost of view. The median monitoring was 18.2 months. Treatment response was linked to the therapeutic compliance (P < 0.001), and the delay of consultation (P = 0.01).

La maladie de Hodgkin classique au CHU de Yopougon

L'un des facteurs pronostiques de la maladie de Hodgkin classique est l'aspect histologique decrit dans la classification de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Sante (OMS). Selon celle-ci; il y aurait une predominance du type 2 en Occident et du type 3 en Afrique. Sur la base de ces donnees; nous avons entrepris une etude retrospective; descriptive et comparative de 1991 a 2004; qui a porte sur 66 cas de maladie de Hodgkin classique de type 2 et 3. Nous avons observe 44 hommes (66;7) et 22 femmes (33;4) soit un sex ratio de 2 et un age moyen de 22;5 ans. La localisation ganglionnaire a ete le motif le plus frequent de consultation (85) et surtout au stade III d'Ann Arbor (45;5). Histologiquement le type 3 a predomine avec 59. La chimiotherapie selon les protocoles MOPP et/ou ABVD a donne les resultats suivants : 66; 7de remission complete; une probabilite de survie de 80a un an dans le type 2 et 43dans le type

[Influence of fetal haemoglobin rate (FHb) on the oxidizing stress in homozygote sickle cell patient living in Abidjan, Côte-d'Ivoire]. / Influence du taux d'hémoglobine foetale (HbF) sur le stress oxydant chez le drépanocytaire homozygote vivant a Abidjan, Cote-d'Ivoire.

Sickle cell anemia being involved in oxidizing stress, our objective was to study the influence of the fetal haemoglobin rate (FHb) on the lipoperoxidation markers in homozygote sickle cell patient in tropical African surroundings. The study population was composed of 73 subjects among whom 57 homozygote sickle cell subjects and 16 healthy control cases. These subjects were distributed in 4 groups according to FHb rate: group 1 (FHb rate under 10%), group 2 (FHb rate ranging from 10 and 20%), group 3 (FHb rate above 20%), group 4 (control cases with no sickle cell disease). On the biological level, the markers of plasma lipoperoxidation represented by substances reacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) significantly increased in sickle cell patients comparatively to control cases (p = 10(-6)). A strong positive correlation (r = +0,70, p<0,01) was found between HbS and the TBARS rate. Comparison of biological parameters of homozygote sickle cell patients according to HbF rate shows that TBARS rate is all the more low as the HbF rate is high (p = 0,02). Moreover the number of irreversible and reversible sickle cells is higher in the group 1 which has the highest rate of TBARS. This observation is confirmed by a coefficient of positive correlation between TBARS and reversible sickle cells (r = +0,40, p < 0,01). This study strengthens the role played by HbF on the modulation of physiopathology of homozygote sickle cell anemia by the control, among others, of free radicals.

[Immunophenotyping of acute leukemias: diagnostic and pronostic utility in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire]. / Apport de l'immunophénotypage dans le diagnostic et le pronostic des leucémies aiguës à abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Flow cytometry is nowadays the first-line method for immunophenotypic identification of blast cells but is not so usual in limited-resources countries. We have investigated on the usefulness of this tool in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Bone marrow sample from 13 patients with acute leukemia identified by cytology and cytochemical analysis was immunophenotyped by using monoclonal antibodies directed to: T lymphoid cells (CD3, CD5, CD7); B lymphoid cells (CD10, CD19, CD20, CD22, HLA-DR) and myeloid cells (CD13, CD33). Immunophenotyping allowed us to confirm the diagnosis of 6 de novo acute leukemias (2 acute myeloid leukaemias, 4 acute lymphoid leukemias) and 7 acute leukaemias resulting from chronic myeloid leukaemias. Immunophenotyping also characterizes the atypical/aberrant lineage essential for the prognosis: 2 biphenotypic acute leukemias (myeloid/lymphoid T) were identified. Our results suggest that flow cytometry may be a useful additional tool to identify the specific leukemic cell, to make a better classification as well as a prognosis evaluation of patients with acute leukemias.

[Sub-cutaneous location of Burkitt's lymphoma. Apropos of 1 case at Yopougon Central University Hospital, Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)]. / Localisation sous-cutanée du lymphome de Burkitt. A propos d'un cas au CHU de Yopougon, à Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire).

Burkitt Lymphoma is the most frequent lymphoma of childhood in West Africa. The main localisations are facial and abdominal. In this study, the authors describe the case of a sub-cutaneous localisation of a Burkitt to a seven years old boy. He was admitted at the hospital because of an abdominal tumefaction. Nowadays such a case has seldom been published. After using cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and aracytine, all the tumefactions disappeared. This case was interesting because of the exceptional localisation of the lymphoma, which may induce a wrong diagnosis.

Haematological characteristics and HIV status of pregnant women in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 1995-96.

To describe the haematological profile of pregnant women and to compare these characteristics according to HIV serostatus in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, a cross-sectional study was made in the context of a research intervention programme to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV (ANRS 049 trial). HIV testing was systematically proposed to pregnant women attending the mother and child health clinic of a community health centre. Blood samples were tested for HIV antibodies using Genelavia and Peptilav. The haematological parameters were measured with a Coulter counter. From May 1995 to March 1996, 1646 pregnant women accepted HIV testing and had a full blood count available. The prevalence of HIV infection was 12.0% (n = 197). The prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin [Hb] < 11 g/dL) was 70.1%, n = 1155 (95% confidence interval 68-72%) and significantly higher in HIV+ (81.7%, n = 161) than in HIV- women (68.9%, n = 994) (P < 0.001). Severe anaemia (Hb < 7 g/dL) was present in 1.9% of the women (n = 31), 4.6% (n = 9) in HIV+ and 1.5% (n = 22) in HIV- women (P < 0.001). HIV infection, primigravidae and secundigravidae were factors independently associated with anaemia. Anaemia was highly prevalent in this population while severe anaemia was rare. HIV infection was a contributor to anaemia in pregnancy. As zidovudine, with its known haematological toxicity, has recently been introduced to prevent MTCT of HIV in developing countries, screening HIV+ women for severe anaemia is necessary.

Characterization of peripheral blood steady-state progenitor cells preserved in liquid culture conditions with or without GM-CSF and IL2.

The cellular characteristics of steady-state peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) apheresis, including total number of lymphomononuclear cells, CD34 and CFUs, was evaluated in a group of 26 chemo-radiotherapy patients as well as in a group of 23 surgically resected cancer patients. Three-to seven-day incubation in standard liquid culture conditions with growth factors (IL2, GM-CSF or both) correlated with a statistically significant increase in CD34+ and CD56+ cell populations compared with incubation without growth factors, especially when both GM-CSF and IL2 were used. In addition, an increase in CD33+, CD13+ and HLA-DR+ cell populations was observed after 3-7 days incubation with GM-CSF. The basal culture control exhibited a decrease in CD33+ and CD13+ cell populations while CD34+ and CD56+ cell populations were maintained. These results were similar in the treated and untreated groups of patients. The infusion of GM-CSF and IL2 preincubated PBPC after intensive chemotherapy was associated with a rapid hematological recovery with a median time duration for WBC < 500/uL, WBC < 1.000/uL and platelets < 20.000/uL of 7.9 days, 14.9 days and 10.7 days respectively. We conclude that a short GM-CSF and IL2 preincubation of steady-state PBPC is associated with an increase in cell populations exhibiting the immune and progenitor cell phenotypes and correlates with an early hematological recovery after intensive chemotherapy.