Electron shell ionization of atoms with classical, relativistic scattering.

We investigate forward scattering of ionization from neon, argon, and xenon in ultrahigh intensities of 2 × 10(19) W/cm(2). Comparisons between the gases reveal the energy of the outgoing photoelectron determines its momentum, which can be scattered as far forward as 45° from the laser wave vector k(laser) for energies greater than 1 MeV. The shell structure in the atom manifests itself as modulations in the photoelectron yield and the width of the angular distributions. We arrive at an agreement with theory by using an independent electron model for the atom, a dipole approximation for the bound state interaction, and a relativistic, three-dimensional, classical radiation field including the laser magnetic field. The studies provide the atomic physics within plasmas, radiation, and particle acceleration in ultrastrong fields.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation.

DIC is a consumptive thrombohemorrhagic life-threatening disorder resulting in multiple coagulation, platelet, and fibrinolytic abnormalities. The causes are legion. Diagnosis is both clinical and laboratory based. Therapy remains controversial and should be based on clinical presentation, although some clinical syndromes may allow for specific treatment. Despite aggressive therapy and research, mortality remains high. Recognition of the patient at risk as well as treatment of the underlying disorder is the critical role for the emergency physician.