RESUMO
Prediction (regression) equations are widely used, but their reliability as predictive tools is questionable as they provide contradicting results. The key point is that values calculated by regression equations are not precisely defined numbers but lie within a range of possible values in the standard deviation interval, none of which can be considered as the most probable. Ignoring this point leads to illicit/improper calculations, generating wrong results, which may have adverse consequences for human health. To demonstrate this, we applied the equations of Harris and Benedict in a reverse method, i.e. calculating (predicting) the daily energy expenditure in the same subjects used to obtain the equations and comparing values with the original measured data. We used the Bland-Altman and frequency distribution analyses. We found large differences in both individual data and population characteristics, showing that prediction equations are not predictive tools.
Assuntos
Metabolismo Basal , Análise de Regressão , Adulto , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Cells involved in leech inflammatory responses have been characterized by morphological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods. Macrophage-like cells, NK-like cells, and granulocytes migrated shortly after injury by pricking with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Inflammatory responses increased progressively and provoked cell migration to the body wall and then to wound surfaces. Macrophages, NK cells, and granulocytes display similar features and behavior traits in invertebrates and vertebrates.
Assuntos
Inflamação/patologia , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Animais , Movimento Celular , Granulócitos/fisiologia , Histocitoquímica , Células Matadoras Naturais/fisiologia , Sanguessugas , Macrófagos/fisiologiaRESUMO
The interaction of doxorubicin with tubulin in spinal motoneuronal cells cultured in vitro has been examined by laser scan microscopy with an immunocytological double staining technique, and by biochemical analysis. Results obtained by laser scan microscopy indicate that doxorubicin (2 x 10(-8) M) was able to induce fragmentation or disappearance of microtubules in motoneuronal cells. Motoneurons were identified by their positivity to anti-CAT antibody. This observation was then studied by biochemical analysis on purified calf brain tubulin. Even treatment with a high dose of doxorubicin (1.2 x 10(-5) M) does not impair tubulin polymerization. The finding supports the possibility that doxorubicin interacts with MAPs or other polypeptides present in the cytomatrix that coassemble with tubulin and are necessary for microtubule formation.
Assuntos
Citoesqueleto/efeitos dos fármacos , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Neurônios Motores/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Tubulina (Proteína)/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Embrião de Galinha , Imuno-Histoquímica , Lasers , Microscopia/métodos , Microtúbulos/ultraestrutura , Neurônios Motores/ultraestrutura , Medula Espinal/citologia , Medula Espinal/embriologiaRESUMO
In vitro experiments on actin polymerization in the presence of doxorubicin show that the rate of salt-induced actin assembly is negatively affected by the drug. The decreased amount of actin monomers keeping their ability to self-interact to give F actin (microfilaments) probably explains the reduction of assembly value. Drug action is dose-dependent and various discrepancies are explained by the limitations of the techniques used.