RESUMO
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in Peruvian women. Due to limitations in national breast cancer screening programs, especially in rural areas, more than 50% of cases of breast cancer in Peru are diagnosed in advanced stages. In collaboration with a local clinic registered as a nongovernmental organization (CerviCusco), RAD-AID International aims to create a sustainable diagnostic structure to improve breast cancer screening in Cuzco. With the support of local, national, and international partners that have collaborated in analyzing radiological resources, raising awareness in the population, acquiring equipment, training clinical staff, and building referral networks, our teams of radiologists, included in the RAD-AID team, have participated in training CerviCusco staff in breast ultrasound, thus enabling additional training for radiology residents through a regulated international collaboration.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Radiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Peru , VoluntáriosRESUMO
El cáncer de mama es el segundo cáncer más frecuente en las mujeres peruanas. Las limitaciones de los programas nacionales de detección precoz, sobre todo en las regiones rurales, propician que más del 50% de los nuevos casos de cáncer de mama en Perú se diagnostiquen en estadios avanzados. RAD-AID Internacional, en colaboración con una clínica local registrada como organización no gubernamental (CerviCusco), pretende crear una estructura diagnóstica sostenible que mejore el cribado del cáncer de mama en Cuzco. Para ello se ha contado con socios locales, nacionales e internacionales que han colaborado en el análisis de recursos radiológicos, la concienciación de la población, la adquisición de equipamiento, el entrenamiento clínico y las redes de referencia. Nuestros equipos de radiólogos, incluidos en el equipo RAD-AID, han participado en la capacitación ecográfica del personal de CerviCusco, permitiendo una formación adicional a los residentes de radiología gracias a una colaboración internacional reglada.(AU)
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in Peruvian women. Due to limitations in national breast cancer screening programs, especially in rural areas, more than 50% of cases of breast cancer in Peru are diagnosed in advanced stages. In collaboration with a local clinic registered as a nongovernmental organization (CerviCusco), RAD-AID International aims to create a sustainable diagnostic structure to improve breast cancer screening in Cuzco. With the support of local, national, and international partners that have collaborated in analyzing radiological resources, raising awareness in the population, acquiring equipment, training clinical staff, and building referral networks, our teams of radiologists, included in the RAD-AID team, have participated in training CerviCusco staff in breast ultrasound, thus enabling additional training for radiology residents through a regulated international collaboration.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Voluntários , Peru , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia , Detecção Precoce de CâncerRESUMO
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in Peruvian women. Due to limitations in national breast cancer screening programs, especially in rural areas, more than 50% of cases of breast cancer in Peru are diagnosed in advanced stages. In collaboration with a local clinic registered as a nongovernmental organization (CerviCusco), RAD-AID International aims to create a sustainable diagnostic structure to improve breast cancer screening in Cuzco. With the support of local, national, and international partners that have collaborated in analyzing radiological resources, raising awareness in the population, acquiring equipment, training clinical staff, and building referral networks, our teams of radiologists, included in the RAD-AID team, have participated in training CerviCusco staff in breast ultrasound, thus enabling additional training for radiology residents through a regulated international collaboration.
RESUMO
Several hybrid viral gene transfer systems have been described that exploit the favorable features of the two parent viral species. We have developed a hybrid adeno-retroviral vector system to generate a retroviral vector in situ. The system consists of adenoviruses encoding MoMLV gag.pol (Axtet.gag.pol), the VSV-G viral envelope (Axtet.VSV-G), the retroviral vector LXSN expressing the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (AV-LXSN) and a transcriptional regulator to control expression of gag.pol and envelope (AV-rtTA). In vitro, biologically active retroviral vector preparations were generated following adeno-retroviral transduction of 9L rat glioma cells. In vivo the transcomplementing adeno-retroviruses were co-administered intratumorally into subcutaneous 9L glioma tumors in rats and human A375 melanoma xenografts in nude mice. In the 9L rat model, G418 cell cultures were only obtained when 9L cells were harvested from tumors injected with all four transcomplementing adeno-retroviruses. Molecular analysis of DNA extracted from 9L G418 populations derived both in vitro and in vivo showed appropriate integration of the LXSN proviral sequence. Tumor cells were harvested 1, 3 and 4 weeks after adeno-retrovirus administration to the human A375 xenografts. The percentage of G418 colonies recovered from tumors transduced with all of the transcomplementing adeno-retroviruses increased with time, whereas no increase was observed in tumors transduced with AV-LXSN alone. DNA extracted from G418 A375 cell populations showed the presence of integrated proviral sequences only in animals that received the full complement of adeno-retroviruses. These results demonstrate that adenoviral vectors expressing transcomplementing genes for retroviral proteins and retroviral vector RNAs can be used for in situ transduction of target cells.
