[Pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis]. / Pathogenese des atopischen Ekzems.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and is also one of the most frequent reasons to consult a dermatologist. Over the past few years there has been a rapidly growing understanding of the cellular, molecular and immunological relationships as well as genetic variations, which leads to a better comprehension of the disease. Consequently, there are innovative targeted therapies in clinical studies or already approved for therapy. To make reasonable use of the new targeted therapies a good understanding of the pathogenesis is very important. In the future, stratification of patients with AD and the resulting personalized therapies will gain in importance. This review depicts the up to date state of knowledge on the complex pathogenesis of AD.

Perspectives on an oral motor activity: the use of rubber tubing as a "chewy".

Among school-aged children with learning and behavioral problems, a therapeutic tool found to be helpful is a "chewy." A chewy is a cylindrical piece of rubber tubing, the ends of which are placed in the mouth and are chewed or sucked on. This behavior appears to have a calming, organizing, and focusing effect on the child. In addition, for some children who put nonedible items in their mouths, a chewy can provide an appropriate sensory substitute or alternative. A literature review supporting the benefits of oral motor input is discussed. Three case studies of children using a chewy are presented. A discussion follows regarding the therapeutic benefits of the use of a chewy and the consideration of it as part of a child's sensory diet. Important guidelines regarding the appearance, taste, length, durability, and sanitation of the chewy are reviewed.