Metabolic Blood Hormones in Young People With Electrocardiographic Signs of Ischemic Myocardial Changes.

Aim    To study changes in blood concentrations of metabolic hormones and adipocytokines in people aged 25-44 years with electrocardiographic (ECG) signs of ischemic changes in the myocardium.Material and methods This study was a part of a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of Novosibirsk population aged 25-44 years. The study included 1363 people divided into two groups: group 1, subjects with ECG signs of ischemic changes in the myocardium and group 2, subjects without ECG changes. Blood serum concentrations of adipocytokines and metabolic hormones were measured by multiplex assay on a Luminex MAGPIX flow-through fluorometer.Results    The group with ECG signs of myocardial ischemia had higher blood concentrations of adiponectin, resistin, glucagon, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) than in the comparison group. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the glucagon concentration was associated with the presence of ECG signs of myocardial ischemia (OR, 1.019; CI, 1.018-1.034; p=0.017).Conclusion    In young people aged 25-44 years, higher blood concentrations of glucagon are associated with the presence of ECG signs of myocardial ischemia.

[Prevalence of ophthalmic diseases in the population older than 50 years]. / Rasprostranennost' oftal'mologicheskikh zabolevanii v populyatsionnoi vyborke starshe 50 let.

The ageing of population is accompanied by an increase in the frequency of chronic diseases, including ophthalmic. The progression of ophthalmologic disturbances has population specificity and its analysis in Russian population is relevant. PURPOSE: To study the prevalence and age- and gender-related gradient of ophthalmic diseases (cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy) in the Russian population older than 50 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A random population cohort (9360, aged 45-69 years) was examined in Novosibirsk in 2003/05 and re-examined in 2015/17 (the HAPIEE project). Ophthalmological parameters were studied in a random subsample (324 m/f, aged 55-84, 2015/17). Clinical and instrumental methods were applied to assess eye diseases: cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), hypertensive retinopathy (HR) and other ophthalmic diseases. RESULTS: In the studied sample of men and women aged 55-84 years, the prevalence of cataract was 72.8%, AMD - 25.7%, glaucoma - 6.2%, DR - 2.1%, HR - 79.6%. The prevalence of other ophthalmic diseases (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, pterygium, pinguecula, dystrophy of cornea and retina, tumors and inflammatory diseases) was 13.5%. The frequency of cataract (p<0.001) and AMD (p=0.003) significantly increased with age. The frequency of glaucoma did not change substantially in the studied age range with insignificant increase in those older than 80 years (14.3%). The frequency of DR and HR were not consistently related to age. CONCLUSIONS: In the studied population sample of men and women aged 55-84 years (Novosibirsk), the prevalence of cataract and HR is high; the prevalence of AMD is similar to populations with moderate frequency of diseases; the frequency of glaucoma is close to populations with high prevalence of this disease. The frequency of cataract and AMD increased with age. There was no consistent age gradient of the frequency of glaucoma, DR and HR in the age range of 55-84 years.

[The Study of Biochemical Factors of Calcification of Stable and Unstable Plaques in the Coronary Arteries of Man].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to study biochemical factors of calcification in stable and unstable plaques of coronary arteries and in the blood of patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis, to find associations of biochemical factors of calcification with the development of unstable atherosclerotic plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 25 men aged 60,4±6,8 years who received coronary bypass surgery. In the course of the operation intraoperative indications in men were from coronary endarteriectomy (s) artery (a - d) and histological and biochemical analyses of the samples of the intima / media. Out of 85 fragments of intima / media of coronary arteries, 15 fragments of unchanged intima / media, 39 fragments of stable atheromatous plaque and 31 fragments of unstable plaque were determined. In homogenates of samples of intima / media (after measurement of protein by the method of Lowry) and in blood by ELISA were determined by biochemical factors of calcification: osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, an osteopontin, osteonectin, as well as inflammatory factors (cytokines, chemokines). RESULTS: A significant direct correlation (Spearman coefficient =0.607, p<0.01) between the stages of atherosclerotic focus development to unstable plaque and the degree of calcification of atherosclerotic focus development samples was found. There was an increased content of osteocalcin in stable and unstable plaques by 3.3 times in comparison with the unchanged tissue of intima / media of coronary arteries, as well as in samples with small and dust-like, with coarse-grained calcifications in comparison with samples without calcifications by 2.8 and 2.1 times, respectively. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, the relative risk of unstable atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary artery is associated with a reduced content of osteocalcin (OR=0.988, 95 % CI 0.978-0.999, p=0.028). Also, the relative risk of calcifications in the atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary artery is associated with an increased content of osteocalcin (OR=1,008, 95 % CI 1,001-1,015, p=0,035). In men with severe coronary atherosclerosis, a significant inverse correlation was found (Spearman coefficient -0.386, p=0.022) between the content of osteoprotegerin in the vascular wall and in the blood.

Relationships of arterial hypertension and reduced renal function in a population 25-45 years.

AIM: To study relationships of reduced renal function with hypertension and other cardiometabolic risk factors in persons aged 25-45 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional population study of one of the typical district of Novosibirsk (Russia) was performed during 2013-2016 years. The study included 468 men and 606 women aged 25-45 years. Blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), blood lipids, glucose, creatinine were measured. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated with the formula CKD-EPI. Hypertension was registered if blood pressure (BP) was ≥140/90 mm Hg, reduced kidney function - at GFR<90 ml/min/1.73 cm2. RESULTS: Prevalence of hypertension among men was 28%, among women - 9%. The proportion of people with GFR<90 ml/min/1.73 cm2 among men was 9.8%, among women - 34%. Among all examined people GFRs <60 ml/min/1.73 cm2 was revealed in 0.3% only. The association of hypertension with reduced renal function was determined only in men. Based on results of multivariate linear regression analysis, a significant negative association of GFR with age was determined, there was no association of GFR with systolic BP (SBP) in either men or women. In men, inverse relationships of GFR with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-С), triglycerides (TG), direct - with WC were determined. Significant inverse association of GFR with diastolic BP (DBP) was revealed only after exception of TG from the regression model. In women, GFR's inverse relationship with LDL-С and DBP was observed, and the direct - with WC. In stepwise analysis the validity of all associations was confirmed after exception of the association of GFR with WC in men. CONCLUSION: In a population of 25-45 years a reduced GFR was associated with increased DBP; levels of LDL-С, TG showed negative association with GFR; in men increased TG levels were more important in reducing GFR than elevated DBP.

[The study of activity of matrix metalloproteinases abd reactants of inflammation in patients with endocarditis.]

The purpose of study is to establish and compare concentration of acute-phase indices, total activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -7 (MMP-2, MMP-7) of blood serum in patients with vegetations on heart valvular apparatus of infectious and noninfectious nature; to apply a correlation analysis between these indices; to evaluate advantages of technique of detection of total activity of MMP-2 and MMP-7 in patients with endocarditis of various etiology. The sampling consisted of 175 examined patients separated on two groups. The first group included 81 patients with noninfectious endocarditis; the second group included 94 patients with infectious endocarditis. The activity of MMP-2 and MMP-7 was detected using fluorescent substrate, specific to MMP-2 and MMP-7. The significant increasing of activity of MMP-2 and MMP-7 in blood serum of patients with vegetation syndrome as compared with activity of enzymes in blood of healthy individuals (control group). In the group with noninfectious endocarditis activity of MMP-2 and MMP-7 made up to 84,10 ± 12,37; in the group with infectious endocarditis - 227,30 ± 44,70; in the control group - 4,16 ± 2,28 mkmol/MCA/l per hour (р < 0,05). No reliable difference between endocarditis of various nature was established. The correlation was observed between activity of matrix metalloproteinases and reactants of acute phase of inflammation.

PREVALENCE AND PECULIARITY OF CORPUS ATROPHIC GASTRITIS IN POPULATION WITH HIGH LEVEL OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION.

BACKGROUND: Corpus atrophic gastritis (CAG) maybe the outcome of Helicobocterpylori (U pylon) - infection or autoimmune damage of the parietal system, affecting the risk of gastric cancer and requiring different approaches in the treatment and observation. AIM: To study the prevalence and peculiarity of CAG in population with, high prevalence of H.pylori infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prevalence of CAG was studied in the representative group of Novosibirsk citizens (246 subjects aged 45-69,117 males and 129 females) using serology for noninvasive testing of gastritis phenotype Gastro-Panel. Pepsinogen I (Pgl) level < 30 pg/I and/or Pgl/Pgil ratio c 3.0 were interpreted as sever atrophy. In addition, a clinical group with serologically proven corpus atrophy was studied: 39 females and 8 males aged 38-79. Upper endoscopy and morpholojical examination was performed in 38 patients. As a pilot project, in 19 patients with suspicion on autoimmune gastritis (AIG) (low Pgl + high Gastrin-17) parietal cells antibodies (PCA) and vitamin B12 level were determined. CONCLUSION: In Novosibirsk population prevalence of both H.pylori infection and CAG (10.2%) is high. AIG is often associated with H.pylori infection (in 47.4% of cases); however, its role demands a further evaluation. Autoimmune phenotype of gastritis which was found using noninvasive diagnostic was confIrmed with the presence of PCA. In all cases ofAIG atrophy was confirmed morphologically with the presence of intestinal metaplasia in 52.6% and ~ysplasia in 10.5% of cases.

[NONINVASIVE DIAGNOSTICS OF THE PHENOTYPE OF GASTRITIS: ANALISIS OF THE FIRST THOUSAND OF CASES].

The analysis of noninvasive diagnostics of a phenotype of gastritis among 1050 people aged from 18 till 80 years which consistently addressed to policlinic is presented in the article. The instrument of diagnostics was a <>, including a complex of biomarkers - so-called <> (pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin-17 and IgG- antibodies to Helicobacter Pylori). High frequency of different variants of atrophic gastritis (25%) with a gastric cancer risk and conditions with a risk of erosive and ulcer damages of the stomach mucous (26 %) was shown. Clinical and economical expediency of noninvasive screening of a phenotype of gastritis is postulated.

[The chylomicronemia under interpretation of the results of detection of lipid profile of blood].

The lipid profile of blood of several population screenings was studied in the framework of the international project HAPIEE. The sampling consisted of 9357 patients aged from 45 to 69 years. All participants of the study were notified in advance about blood sampling on an empty stomach for analysis. The blood serum was not totally clear and triglycerides concentration of 2.65 mmol/l in 16% of cases. The examined patients approved in 3.5% that blood was not taken on an empty stomach. The diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 1.6% of patients. Among the rest 10.9% of patients with blood samples not totally clear half of them had concentration of glucose in blood higher than 5.5 mmol/l. Some of them probably came to screening not on an empty stomach and did not approve it. The epidemiologic studies require a strict regulation of daytime of food intake prior to blood sampling for analysis. The degree of blood clearness and blood glucose concentrations are to be regulated to and in some case the analysis is to be repeated.