RESUMO
In the first part of the present study the coliform and enteric bacilli in the environment of calves with colibacillosis were examined. The occurrence, number, and pathogenic properties of Escherichia coli in barnyard soils were obtained from six cattle ranches. The O and K serogroups of E. coli isolates obtained from the feces of calves with colibacillosis born at these cattle ranches were determined, and their serotypes were compared with the E. coli O and K serotypes found in soils. The results showed a reservoir of potentially pathogenic E. coli in barnyard soils contaminated with bovine feces. For the second part of this study, 6 healthy calves and 51 calves with colibacillosis were studied. The numbers of total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, total streptococci, fecal streptococci, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms in the feces of calves were determined. In addition, coliform and enteric bacilli from the feces of both healthy and diseased calves were identified, and their indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate (IMViC) types were described. In parallel, the IMViC types of coliform and enteric bacilli isolated from barnyard soils previously contaminated with bovine feces were compared with those isolated from uncontaminated soils. All fecal specimens were also examined for the presence of rotavirus. No significant effect on the numbers of the bacterial types was found. The results suggest that the predominant IMViC types found in the feces of calves with colibacillosis originate from the soil. From this study it is apparent that the occurrence, number, and survival of E. coli in barnyard soils is related to ranch husbandry and sanitary practices.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Diarreia/veterinária , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Bovinos , Diarreia/microbiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/patogenicidade , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Fezes/microbiologia , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
Immunoglobulins were isolated and purified from the colostrum and serum of progressive pneumonia virus infected sheep and also from non-infected control sheep. Four classes of immunoglobulins were isolated from sheep colostrum (IgG1, IgG2, IgA and Ig10s). Three classes of immunoglobulins were isolated from sheep serum (IgG1, IgG2 and IgM). Low levels of virus neutralizing activity were demonstrated only in the whole serum and purified serum IgG1 preparations. No complement fixing activity was detected in any of the antibody preparations from colostrum.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Colostro/imunologia , Imunoglobulinas/análise , Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/imunologia , Vírus Visna-Maedi/imunologia , Animais , Testes de Fixação de Complemento/veterinária , Feminino , Imunoeletroforese , Testes de Neutralização , Gravidez , OvinosRESUMO
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for rotavirus were performed on 253 calf gut and fecal specimens from eastern North Dakota. Rotavirus antigen was detected in 29 specimens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and in 52 specimens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All of the counterimmunoelectrophoresis-positive specimens were positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The counterimmunoelectrophoresis and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using a rabbit antirotavirus antibodies produced a golf ball-induced granuloma, were rapid and specific tests for the detection of rotavirus.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/análise , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Contraimunoeletroforese , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Gastroenterite/veterinária , Imunoeletroforese , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Infecções por Reoviridae/veterinária , Reoviridae/imunologia , Rotavirus/imunologia , Animais , Bovinos , Contraimunoeletroforese/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Gastroenterite/diagnóstico , Imunoeletroforese/métodos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/métodos , Infecções por Reoviridae/diagnósticoAssuntos
Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/biossíntese , Feminino , North Dakota , Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/imunologia , Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Ovinos , Vírus Visna-Maedi/imunologiaRESUMO
Various cell cultures were evaluated for their ability to support progressive pneumonia virus infection in vitro. Ovine trachea cells supported progressive pneumonia virus infection for an extended time,were extremely durable and could be passaged up until 30 passages. Progressive pneumonia virus infected ovine trachea cells were then used for the production of antigen for agar-gel immunodiffusion. A method for concentrating antigen, diafiltration, was compared to dialysis against polyethylene glycol. Using diafiltration, the concentrated virus was easily quantitated, less viscous (and therefore easier to apply) and only produced one precipitation line. Agar-gel immunodiffusion was used to survey 401 animals from two sheep flocks. One flock (96 sheep) was free of progressive pneumonia while the other flock had 111 of 305 total animals positive for precipitating antibodies. The incidence of precipitating antibodies in sheep ranged from 23% for yearling ewes to 80% in ewes seven years old.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Imunodifusão , Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/imunologia , Vírus Visna-Maedi/imunologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Antígenos Virais/isolamento & purificação , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Ovinos , Traqueia , Replicação ViralRESUMO
Procedures designed to extract pseudorabies viral (PRV) antigens from PRV-infected tissue cultures were investigated to determine whether differences in extraction method had an effect upon the final concentrated antigenic product. All four of the preparations made from PRV-infected tissue culture cells (trypsin extract and disrupted cells) or entire PRV-infected cultures (polysorbate 80 extract and (NH4)2SO4 precipitate) contained relatively large amounts of the same antigen, whereas cell-free PRV-infected tissue culture fluids did not contain significant amounts of this antigen. Specific antibody directed against this antigen was present in all PRV antisera tested. Two other antigens were observed in some of the preparations, but PRV antisera varied in their ability to precipitate with these antigens. Therefore, the number of precipitation lines observed in agar gel immunodiffusion between PRV preparations and PRV-positive antisera depended both upon the extraction method used to obtain the antigen and upon the specificity of the selected antiserum.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/isolamento & purificação , Herpesvirus Suídeo 1/imunologia , Imunodifusão/métodos , Sulfato de Amônio/imunologia , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Reações Antígeno-Anticorpo , Epitopos , Polissorbatos/imunologiaRESUMO
Sixty-seven serum samples were obtained from 2 sheep flocks. Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) was used to separate progressive pneumonia virus (PPV)-infected sheep from noninfected sheep by the presence of precipitating antibodies. Immunoglobulin (Ig), total protein, and albumin concentrations were then measured from all 67 sera to determine whether differences existed between PPV-infected and non-infected sheep. A significant difference (P less than 0.0005) was found in both total protein and Ig concentration between PPV-infected and noninfected sheep. This corresponding difference was absent in albumin measurements. The significant differences (P less than 0.0005) in Ig and total protein concentrations were then used to evaluate a field test for diagnosing progressive pneumonia. The possibility of using either total protein or Ig concentrations as a field test was found to be highly unlikely due to variation in individual values.
Assuntos
Imunoglobulinas/análise , Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/imunologia , Animais , Imunodifusão , Albumina Sérica/análise , Ovinos , ZincoRESUMO
An apparatus to determine the rate of release of chemotherapeutics from vehicles was developed. It consists of a semi-permeable chamber within a larger glass chamber. The semi-permeable chamber has direct contact with milk within the glass chamber. Preliminary evaluation for rapidity of release of chemotherapeutics by vehicles, in decreasing amount of antibiotic released, showed them to be water, sesame oil, sweet cream butter, peanut oil with aluminum monostearate, lanolin and petrolatum.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida , Terapia de Imunossupressão/veterinária , Vacinação/veterinária , Fatores Etários , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Clostridium/imunologia , Feminino , GravidezRESUMO
The simple syringe-stabilizer unit described in this note provides a means for rapid intravascular inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs with minimal embryonic death from vascular trauma.
Assuntos
Embrião de Galinha/microbiologia , Injeções Intravenosas/métodos , Cultura de Vírus/métodos , Animais , Injeções Intravenosas/instrumentação , SeringasRESUMO
The recovery rates of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus from swab materials were compared. The adsorptive and elutive properties of cotton, polyester, and calcium alginate wool were examined by direct exposure of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus to swab materials in buffered tissue culture medium. Calcium alginate wool was virucidal; this was apparent after 2 hours' exposure. Cotton and polyester swab materials exhibited little virucidal effects. The addition of wooden applicator sticks with the swab materials reduced viral titers further.
Assuntos
Herpesvirus Bovino 1/isolamento & purificação , Manejo de Espécimes , Alginatos/farmacologia , Cálcio/farmacologia , Meios de Cultura , Gossypium , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Têxteis , MadeiraRESUMO
Extracts of 28 plants were tested without demonstable antiviral activity in an agar-overlay plaque-reduction antiviral assay system, using infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine endocardial cell cultures. Ethanolic extract of Narcissus tazetta L bulb elicited antiviral activity by inhibition of viral plaque formation. Antiviral activity was demonstrated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and equine rhinopneumonitis viruses. Narcissus tazetta L bulb did not directly inactivate the virus extracellularly. The extract exhibited only limited toxicity to rapidly multiplying bovine endocardial cells at plaque-inhibitory levels and was not cytoxic to preformed confluent cell monolayers. Narcissus extract did not induce the formation of drug-resistant viral strains.
Assuntos
Herpesvirus Bovino 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Herpesvirus Equídeo 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Equídeo 1/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Sixty-five calves of approximately three months of age and of mixed sex were vaccinated twice at four week intervals with either attenuated or inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccines. Following initial vaccination there was no demonstrable serum infectious bovine rhinotracheitis titer in any of the calves receiving the inactivated vaccine with 20.7% of the calves receiving the attenuated vaccines having demonstrable titers. Following a second administration of vaccine at eight weeks post-initial vaccination 63.9% of the calves receiving the inactivated vaccine had no demonstrable titer with 72.4% of the calves receiving the attenuated vaccine exhibiting a blood titer of four or greater.
Assuntos
Bovinos/imunologia , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/imunologia , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina/terapia , Masculino , Mucosa Nasal/metabolismo , Lágrimas/metabolismo , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/efeitos adversosRESUMO
A membrane adsorption procedure was used to concentrate infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus from 1-liter quantities of distilled water. Cellulose nitrate membrane filters (0.45-mum pore size) efficiently adsorbed this herpesvirus from water, and virus was recovered from the membrane by elution with 10 ml of fetal calf serum during sonic treatment. The average recovery rate was 70%.