RESUMO
In a randomised, double-blind prospective study we compared the effects on postoperative pain and analgesic consumption of intra-operative s(+)-ketamine (100 microg.kg-1 bolus and a continuous infusion of 2 microg.kg-1.min-1) followed by postoperative patient-controlled analgesia with morphine (1 mg per bolus) plus s(+)-ketamine (0.5 mg per bolus), or intra-operative saline followed by postoperative patient-controlled analgesia morphine (1 mg per bolus) alone. A total of 28 male patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were studied. Morphine consumption, pain scores, pressure algometry and adverse effects were recorded for 48 h after surgery. Cumulative morphine consumption was significantly lower in the ketamine/morphine group (47.9 +/- 26.2 mg) than in the saline/morphine group (73.4 +/- 34.8 mg; p = 0.049). Pain scores at rest were significantly lower in the ketamine/morphine group across the 48-h study period (p = 0.01). No significant differences were found in pressure algometry measurements or the occurrence of adverse effects.
Assuntos
Analgesia Controlada pelo Paciente/métodos , Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Prostatectomia , Adulto , Idoso , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Esquema de Medicação , Combinação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morfina/administração & dosagem , Medição da Dor , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
In Expt 1, compact cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in: (i) control medium (Hepes-buffered TCM-199 with 10% oestrous cow serum (OCS) + oestradiol, LH and FSH); (ii) Hepes-buffered TCM-199 with 20% follicular fluid; or (iii) control medium containing 250 ng progesterone ml(-1). Mature oocytes were collected by transvaginal aspiration as a positive control for the in vitro maturation (IVM) treatments. Oocytes were fertilized by ICSI and cultured in Menezo's B2 + 5% fetal calf serum (FCS). There were no significant differences among IVM treatments. In Expt 2, oocytes with expanded COCs were matured in Hepes-buffered TCM-199 with 10% OCS, oestradiol, LH and FSH with different concentrations of progesterone (0, 50, 250 and 1250 ng ml(-1)). Oocytes were fertilized by ICSI and cultured in a chemically defined medium. The medium containing 1250 ng progesterone ml(-1) resulted in fewer oocytes with a visible first polar body after maturation (P < 0.05), whereas the media containing 0 and 50 ng progesterone ml(-1) resulted in higher development rates to seven- to eight-cell embryos (P < 0.05), compared with media containing 250 or 1250 ng progesterone ml(-1). Six of the resulting morulae were transferred to recipient mares. In addition, oocytes (n=32) from Expt 2 were injected with sex-sorted spermatozoa, obtained by separating X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa with a Cytomation MoFlo flow cytometer/cell sorter. Two embryos resulting from ICSI with X-bearing spermatozoa were transferred to the oviduct of a recipient mare. No pregnancies were established after transfer of embryos in these experiments.