¿Qué implica disfrutar del deporte? Presentación de un instrumento para su evaluación / What is Involved in Enjoying Sport? Presentation of an Instrument for its Evaluation

Resumen El disfrute es una de las razones más fuertes para involucrarse en una actividad deportiva. ¿Pero cómo se puede definir conceptual y operacionalmente este constructo? El objetivo del presente estudio fue indagar con enfoque mixto los componentes del disfrute en el deporte. En el primer estudio participaron deportistas federados del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA, Argentina) (n = 9). Se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada y se identificaron las categorías que describen la experiencia de disfrute, tales como, afecto positivo, involucramiento y experiencia autotélica. Los participantes refirieron además sentirse realizados a nivel personal. Por otro lado, en el segundo estudio participaron 362 jóvenes (57.2 % hombres y 42.8 % mujeres) de 14 a 29 años de distintos clubes del AMBA. Para este estudio se operacionalizaron las categorías del primer estudio, a través de 29 ítems, con una escala Likert de cinco puntos de acuerdo. El análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó dos factores que explicaron el 58.8 % de la varianza a través de 17 ítems. La confiabilidad de cada subescala fue alta. El disfrute puede conocerse a través de dos subescalas: afecto positivo . involucramiento. Un factor adicional emergió de los análisis: el sentido de realización personal. Los factores del disfrute correlacionaron positivamente con este último, con el compromiso en el deporte y con el Flow total. Posteriores estudios permitirán conocer otros indicadores de validez de la escala y su uso en diversos contextos.

Abstract Enjoyment is one of the strongest motives to engage in a sports activity, but how can this construct be conceptually and operationally defined? This study aimed to investigate, with a mixed approach, the components of enjoyment in sport. In the first study, federated athletes from the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (MABA, Argentina) participated (n = 9). A semi-structured interview was conducted, and the categories that describe the enjoyment experience were identified, such as positive affect, involvement, and autotelic experience. Participants also reported feeling fulfilled on a personal level. On the other hand, the second study involved 362 young people (57.2% men and 42.8% women) aged 14 to 29 from different MABA clubs. For this study, the categories of the first study were operationalized through 29 items, with a Likert-type scale of five points of agreement. The exploratory factorial analysis yielded two factors that explained 58.8% of the variance through 17 items. The reliability of each subscale was high. Enjoyment can be assessed through two subscales: positive affect and involvement. An additional factor emerged from the analyses: the sense of personal fulfillment. The factors of enjoyment correlated positively with the latter, with the engagement in the sport and with the total flow. Subsequent studies will reveal other indicators of the validity of the scale and its use in various contexts.

Compromiso e intención de abandono en adolescentes de selecciones nacionales argentinas: el papel de los agentes sociales y efectos del género / Engagement and intentions of drop-out in adolescents of Argentinean national teams: The role of social agents and gender effects

Resumen Introducción/objetivo. El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar el poder predictivo de la percepción de los estilos interpersonales de entrenadores/as, padres y madres en el compromiso e intención de abandono de adolescentes deportistas argentinos de alto rendimiento, considerando el papel del género en esta relación. Método. Participaron 234 adolescentes de entre 12 y 16 años (M = 14.48, DT = 1.09) seleccionados para los Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud -Buenos Aires 2018-, quienes cumplimentaron cuestionarios para la evaluación de las variables de interés. Resultados. Los varones perciben mayores niveles de compromiso que las mujeres y estas perciben mayor apoyo a la autonomía de la madre. El apoyo a la autonomía del entrenador tuvo mayor capacidad predictiva en el compromiso de los varones y en la intención de abandono del deporte de las mujeres. En ambos géneros, el efecto del apoyo a la autonomía del entrenador fue mayor que el de los padres. Conclusiones. Estos resultados muestran la importancia de los otros significativos en la participación deportiva y contribuyen al conocimiento de los factores que pueden favorecer el desarrollo positivo en deportistas adolescentes de alto rendimiento.

Abstract Introduction/Objective. This research aims to examine the predictive power of perceived interpersonal styles of coaches, fathers and mothers on engagement and intentions to drop-out of Argentinean high-performance adolescent athletes considering the role of gender in this relationship. Method. A total of 234 adolescents aged 12-16 years (M = 14.48, SD = 1.09) selected for the Youth Olympic Games -Buenos Aires 2018- participated in the study, who answered questionnaires assessing the variables of interest. Results. Males perceived higher levels of engagement than females, and females perceived higher autonomy support from the mother. Coaches' autonomy support had greater predictive power on males' engagement and females' intentions to drop-out sport. In both genders, the effect of coach autonomy support was greater than parents. Conclusions. These results show the importance of significant others in sport participation and contribute to the knowledge of factors that may foster positive development in high-performance adolescence athletes.

Relationship between Family Functioning and Possible Selves in Adolescents from Argentina.

The goal of this study was to analyze the relationship between different family functioning types and the content, valence, and structure of adolescents' possible selves (PSs). Participants were adolescents (n = 392) of both genders (female = 54.9%) from private and catholic high schools in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina (age, M = 14.92, SD = 1.52). We performed a cluster analysis to explore family functioning profiles in terms of communication with parents, promotion of challenges, family cohesion, and flexibility. In order to study family functioning type and PSs content association, we performed a chi-squared test. To study family functioning type differences in PSs valence and structure we conducted a one-way MANOVA. The chi-squared test indicated that there was no significant association between family functioning type and adolescents' PSs spontaneous content. On the other hand, the MANOVA revealed the existence of significant differences in PSs valence between each type of family functioning group. In regard to the structure of PSs, there were no significant differences between family functioning types. In conclusion, adolescents who perceived positive family functioning have more positive PSs. Family functioning type was not related to PSs content and structure.

Compromiso con el deporte y su relación con el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes / Engagement to sports and its relationship with alcohol consumption in adolescents and young adults / Compromisso com o esporte e sua relação com o consumo de álcool em adolescentes e adultos jovens

El consumo de alcohol representa uno de los problemas más graves de salud pública a nivel global. Si bien se señala al deporte como estrategia mundial efectiva para amortiguar el impacto de esta problemática, los estudios han concluido que no es el deporteper sesino aspectos motivacionales asociados al mismo los que podrían tener efectos protectores. El compromiso con el deporte no ha sido investigado como posible factor protector del consumo de alcohol. OBJETIVO: Indagar la relación entre el compromiso con el deporte y el consumo de alcohol. MÉTODO: Participantes: 362 jóvenes (15 a 29 años) deportistas de Argentina. Instrumentos: Cuestionario socio-demográfico, Cuestionario de Compromiso con el Deporte (AEQ), Cuestionario de Identificación de los Trastornos Debidos al Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT-C). Procesamiento: Se realizó análisis de varianza y regresión logística con el paquete SPSS V.21. RESULTADOS: los deportistas consumen tanto como los no deportistas, pero quienes presentan mayor energía invertida ensu deporte, presentan una menor frecuencia de consumo actual y de consumo excesivo. Se discuten las implicancias prácticas de estos resultados

Alcohol consumption represents one of the most serious public health problems worldwide. Although sport is indicated as an effective global strategy to cushion the impact of this problem, studies have concluded that it is not sport per se, but motivationalaspects associated with it, that could have protective effects. The engagement with sport has not been investigated as a possible protective factor for alcohol consumption. AIM: To investigate the relationship between engagement with sports and alcohol consumption. METHOD: Participants: 362 young people (15 to 29 years old) athletes from Argentina. Instruments: Socio-demographic questionnaire, Sports Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C). Processing: Analysis of variance and logistic regression were performed with the SPSS package V.21. RESULTS: athletes consume as much as non-athletes but those who have more energy invested in their sport, have current and excessive consumption less frequently.The practical implications of these results are discussed

O consumo de álcool representa um dos mais sérios problemas de saúde pública no mundo. Embora o esporte seja apontado como uma estratégia global eficaz para amortecer o impacto desse problema, estudos concluíram que não é o esporte per se, mas os aspectos motivacionais associados a ele, que poderiam ter efeitos protetores. O compromisso com o esporte não tem sido investigado como um possível fator de proteção contra o consumo de álcool. OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre compromisso com esporte e consumo de álcool. MÉTODO: Participnates: 362 jovens (15 a 29 anos) atletas da Argentina. Instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico, Questionário de Compromisso com o Esporte (AEQ), Questionário para Identificação de Distúrbios Devido ao Consumo de Álcool (AUDIT-C). Processamento: A análise de variância e a regressão logística foram realizadas com o pacote SPSS V.21. RESULTADOS: os atletas consomem tanto quanto os não atletas, mas aqueles que têm mais energia investida em seu esporte, apresentam menor frequência de consumo atual e consumo excessivo. As implicações práticas desses resultados são discutidas

[Qualitative study on risk and care practices in nightlife settings with massive presence of people in Buenos Aires City]. / Estudio cualitativo sobre prácticas de riesgo y de cuidado en escenarios nocturnos de presencia masiva de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.

The aim of the present study was to investigate care and risk practices carried out in nightlife settings with massive presence of people in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. In addition to this, the perceived reasons behind the consumption of psychoactive substances were investigated. For this purpose, 16 young people between 21 and 35 years of age were interviewed. The data was analyzed following the approach proposed in the grounded theory and using the Atlas.Ti program. Practices were studied at individual, group and environmental levels. Among the risk practices, substance availability, excessive intake and substance mixing were frequently mentioned. Regarding care practices, the value of the group was highlighted by keeping together and providing help to its members. Practical implications of these results are discussed, and limitations and future lines of research are presented.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue indagar las prácticas de cuidado y de riesgo que se despliegan en escenarios nocturnos de presencia masiva de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Asimismo, se indagaron los motivos percibidos para el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Para ello se entrevistó a 16 jóvenes de entre 21 a 35 años de edad. Los datos fueron analizados siguiendo la propuesta de la teoría fundamentada y con el soporte del programa Atlas.Ti. Se analizaron prácticas individuales, prácticas grupales, y a nivel del entorno. Entre las prácticas de riesgo se mencionaron con frecuencia la disponibilidad de las sustancias, la ingesta excesiva y las mezclas. Respecto de las prácticas de cuidado, se destacó el valor del grupo al mantenerse todos juntos y brindar ayuda a sus miembros. Se discuten las implicancias prácticas de estos resultados, y se presentan las limitaciones y líneas futuras de investigación.

Estudio cualitativo sobre prácticas de riesgo y de cuidado en escenarios nocturnos de presencia masiva de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Qualitative study on risk and care practices in nightlife settings with massive presence of people in Buenos Aires City

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue indagar las prácticas de cuidado y de riesgo que se despliegan en escenarios nocturnos de presencia masiva de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Asimismo, se indagaron los motivos percibidos para el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Para ello se entrevistó a 16 jóvenes de entre 21 a 35 años de edad. Los datos fueron analizados siguiendo la propuesta de la teoría fundamentada y con el soporte del programa Atlas.Ti. Se analizaron prácticas individuales, prácticas grupales, y a nivel del entorno. Entre las prácticas de riesgo se mencionaron con frecuencia la disponibilidad de las sustancias, la ingesta excesiva y las mezclas. Respecto de las prácticas de cuidado, se destacó el valor del grupo al mantenerse todos juntos y brindar ayuda a sus miembros. Se discuten las implicancias prácticas de estos resultados, y se presentan las limitaciones y líneas futuras de investigación.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate care and risk practices carried out in nightlife settings with massive presence of people in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. In addition to this, the perceived reasons behind the consumption of psychoactive substances were investigated. For this purpose, 16 young people between 21 and 35 years of age were interviewed. The data was analyzed following the approach proposed in the grounded theory and using the Atlas.Ti program. Practices were studied at individual, group and environmental levels. Among the risk practices, substance availability, excessive intake and substance mixing were frequently mentioned. Regarding care practices, the value of the group was highlighted by keeping together and providing help to its members. Practical implications of these results are discussed, and limitations and future lines of research are presented.

¿Cómo perciben los adolescentes de la ciudad de Buenos Aires su futuro? Una mirada desde sus actores / How adolescents from Buenos Aires city perceive their future? An approach from its actors

Resumen La forma en que los adolescentes perciben su futuro tiene una gran importancia en su desarrollo positivo. Este trabajo se propone conocer y comprender cómo un grupo de adolescentes escolarizados de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires percibe su futuro. Se realizó un estudio de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo con metodología cualitativa y un diseño transversal. Se trabajó con una muestra intencional de 24 adolescentes (M = 16.10; DE = 1.10) de ambos sexos (mujeres = 54,20 %). Se realizaron entrevistas individuales y grupos focales. Se realizó un análisis de contenido temático con los datos recolectados. Se encontraron dos grandes temas respecto de la percepción del futuro en los adolescentes. El primero se refiere a la imagen que los adolescentes tienen de su futuro. Sus componentes son: valoración, contenido y grado de claridad de la imagen del futuro. El segundo hace referencia a la forma en que los adolescentes construyen su futuro. Sus componentes son: ocuparse del futuro, entornos en los que los adolescentes construyen su futuro, influencia de la familia y valoración del proyecto. Un hallazgo emergente es que los adolescentes difieren en la descripción que hacen de ellos mismos, de sus pares cercanos o de los otros adolescentes en general.

Abstract The way adolescents perceive their future is very important for a positive development. This work aims to identify and understand how a group of adolescent students form Autonomous City of Buenos Aires perceive their future. An exploratory-descriptive study with qualitative methodology and cross-sectional design was conducted. We worked with a purposive sample of 24 adolescents (M = 16.10, SD = 1.10) of both sexes (female = 54.20%). Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted. Thematic content analysis of data collected was performed. Two main themes were found regarding adolescents' perception of their future. The first concerns the view adolescents have about their future. Its components are: evaluation, content and degree of image clarity of the future. The second concerns the way adolescents build their future. Its components are: dealing with the future, environments where adolescents build their future, family influence, and evaluation of the project. An emerging finding is that adolescents differ in their descriptions made of themselves, of their closest peers or from other adolescents in general.

Possible Selves in Adolescence: Development and Validation of a Scale for their Assessment.

Possible selves (PSs) have a significant role in adolescents' development. For this reason, it is of great importance to have adequate measures to operationalize them. The aim of this work is to present the construction and validation of a scale to assess PSs at the end of high school in multiple domains. Participants were adolescents (n = 320) of both sexes (female = 51.3%) from high-schools in Buenos Aires City, Argentina (age, M = 14.9, SD = 1.5). The scale was developed based on a literature review and a previous qualitative study. Expert judges' assessment revealed that it has good content validity. The scale's structure was studied with exploratory factor analysis and a 5-factor structure with theoretical meaning was found. Spearman's correlations between current and future self-perceptions show evidence of convergent validity. Mann-Whitney U test shows that the scale can discriminate by sex and age. The scale shows adequate to very good internal consistency. These results show that the scale has adequate psychometric properties to assess PSs in Argentine adolescents. The advantages of this scale relative to existing measures of PSs are discussed. Scale development allows us to know more about how adolescents think they will be during a significant life transition such as the end of high school. This is particularly important for planning interventions that focus on motivation and behavior regulation.

The Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS-V) and Its Use in Latin American Adolescents: Alcohol Consumption Pattern as an External Criterion for Its Validation.

Sensation Seeking is a trait defined by the seeking of varied, novel, complex, and intense situations and experiences, and the willingness to take physical, social, and financial risks for the sake of such experience. The Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS-V) is the most widely used measure to assess this construct. In previous studies a variety of psychometric limitations were found when using the SSS-V with Latin American population. The purpose of this study is to present additional psychometric properties for its use with Latin American adolescents. It was applied to a 506 adolescent sample (from 12 to 20 years). The result is a scale of 22 items that cover four factors. It seems that sensation seeking among Latin American adolescents can be described in terms of four factors, but with some slightly content differences from what is usually found in adult samples from other countries. Future lines of research are proposed.

Satisfacción vital en dominios específicos: adaptación de una escala para su evaluación / Life satisfaction in specific domains: adaptation of a scale for its evaluation

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la adaptación de la Escala de Satisfacción Vital en Dominios Específicos para su uso en adultos de Buenos Aires. En una primera etapa, se trabajó en la equivalencia lingüística y conceptual. En la segunda etapa, se aplicó la versión local de la escala a una muestra de 187 adultos (mujeres = 56.10 %) con una edad media de 31.20 (DE = 10.70). Se estudió la capacidad de discriminación de los ítems, la confiabilidad, validez de constructo y de contenido. Los resultados mostraron que la escala posee adecuada validez de contenido para ser aplicada en adultos de nuestro medio y presenta claras evidencias de validez de constructo y adecuada precisión para casi todas las subescalas. Se discuten los resultados considerando la importancia de generar nuevos desarrollos conceptuales e instrumentales relativos a los conceptos de la Psicología Positiva.

The aim of this paper is to present the adaptation of the Life Satisfaction Scale in Specific Domains to be used in adults from Buenos Aires. In a first stage, work was done in the linguistic and conceptual equivalence. In the second stage, the local version of the scale was applied to a sample by 187 adults (women = 56.10 %) with an average age of 31.20 (SD = 10.70). We studied the ability of discrimination of items, the reliability, construct validity and content. The results showed that the scale has adequate content validity to be applied in adults of our environment, and presents clear evidence of construct validity and adequate precision for almost all the subscales. The results are discussed in view of the importance of generating new conceptual and instrumental developments relating to the concepts of positive psychology.

The emergence of sex differences in personality traits in early adolescence: A cross-sectional, cross-cultural study.

Although large international studies have found consistent patterns of sex differences in personality traits among adults (i.e., women scoring higher on most facets), less is known about cross-cultural sex differences in adolescent personality and the role of culture and age in shaping them. The present study examines the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (McCrae, Costa, & Martin, 2005) informant ratings of adolescents from 23 cultures (N = 4,850), and investigates culture and age as sources of variability in sex differences of adolescents' personality. The effect for Neuroticism (with females scoring higher than males) begins to take on its adult form around age 14. Girls score higher on Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness at all ages between 12 and 17 years. A more complex pattern emerges for Extraversion and Agreeableness, although by age 17, sex differences for these traits are highly similar to those observed in adulthood. Cross-sectional data suggest that (a) with advancing age, sex differences found in adolescents increasingly converge toward adult patterns with respect to both direction and magnitude; (b) girls display sex-typed personality traits at an earlier age than boys; and (c) the emergence of sex differences was similar across cultures. Practical implications of the present findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Propiedades psicométricas de escalas: búsqueda de Novedad y Evitación del Daño del TCI-R. Adaptación local para su evaluación / Psychometric Properties of Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance Scales form TCI-R: local adaptation for their assessment

Se presenta la adaptación local de dos escalas que permiten evaluar la tendencia a la Evitación del Daño y a la Búsqueda de Novedad, dos dimensiones de personalidad que forman parte del modelo de temperamento y carácter de Cloninger (1987). Estas dimensiones representan dos sistemas diferenciados propuestos por el modelo de Gray: el Sistema de Inhibición Conductual (SIC) y el Sistema de Aproximación Conductual (SAC). Se aplicó el inventario revisado de temperamento y carácter (TCI-R, Cloninger, et al. 1994) a una muestra de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (n = 811). Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio a través del análisis de componentes principales para extraer la cantidad de factores, aplicando criterios estadísticos exigentes. Se extrajeron los dos factores que estarían evaluando las dos facetas de personalidad, ambas, operacionalizaciones el modelo SIC-SAC: Evitación del Daño y Búsqueda de Novedad. Se realizaron los mismos análisis por separado para las submuestras de hombres y mujeres. Para estimar la confiabilidad de las dimensiones se aplicó alfa de Cronbach, observándose índices de consistencia interna adecuados para cada subescala. Se han obtenido estos dos factores robustos, adecuados psicométricamente, que se corresponden con dos de las dimensiones de personalidad propuestas por Cloninger -Gray.

The Inaccuracy of National Character Stereotypes.

Consensual stereotypes of some groups are relatively accurate, whereas others are not. Previous work suggesting that national character stereotypes are inaccurate has been criticized on several grounds. In this article we (a) provide arguments for the validity of assessed national mean trait levels as criteria for evaluating stereotype accuracy; and (b) report new data on national character in 26 cultures from descriptions (N=3,323) of the typical male or female adolescent, adult, or old person in each. The average ratings were internally consistent and converged with independent stereotypes of the typical culture member, but were weakly related to objective assessments of personality. We argue that this conclusion is consistent with the broader literature on the inaccuracy of national character stereotypes.

Stereotypes of age differences in personality traits: universal and accurate?

Age trajectories for personality traits are known to be similar across cultures. To address whether stereotypes of age groups reflect these age-related changes in personality, we asked participants in 26 countries (N = 3,323) to rate typical adolescents, adults, and old persons in their own country. Raters across nations tended to share similar beliefs about different age groups; adolescents were seen as impulsive, rebellious, undisciplined, preferring excitement and novelty, whereas old people were consistently considered lower on impulsivity, activity, antagonism, and Openness. These consensual age group stereotypes correlated strongly with published age differences on the five major dimensions of personality and most of 30 specific traits, using as criteria of accuracy both self-reports and observer ratings, different survey methodologies, and data from up to 50 nations. However, personal stereotypes were considerably less accurate, and consensual stereotypes tended to exaggerate differences across age groups.

Perceptions of aging across 26 cultures and their culture-level associates.

College students (N=3,435) in 26 cultures reported their perceptions of age-related changes in physical, cognitive, and socioemotional areas of functioning and rated societal views of aging within their culture. There was widespread cross-cultural consensus regarding the expected direction of aging trajectories with (a) perceived declines in societal views of aging, physical attractiveness, the ability to perform everyday tasks, and new learning; (b) perceived increases in wisdom, knowledge, and received respect; and (c) perceived stability in family authority and life satisfaction. Cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes. These associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes. A consideration of culture-level variables also suggested that previously reported differences in aging perceptions between Asian and Western countries may be related to differences in population structure.

Características de personalidad desde la perspectiva de un otro observador / Personality characteristics from the observer’s perspective

El objetivo del trabajo es presentar las características de personalidad de diferentes grupos etarios de Argentina desde la perspectiva de un otro observador. El presente, forma parte del Proyecto Internacional Personality Profiles of Cultures: Informant Ratings of Individuals and Nations (dirigido por McCrae y Terracciano) cuya finalidad es comparar perfiles de personalidad a través de diversas culturas. Participantes. Participaron 181 sujetos-observadores de la Provincia de Buenos Aires/AR, con una edad media de 21 (SD = 3.42). Instrumento. Inventario de Personalidad NEO Revisado Forma R (Leibovich de Figueroa & Schmidt, 2005). Resultados. Se observan diferencias en función del sexo y la edad. Se analizan los resultados desde una perspectiva transcultural.(AU)

The aim of this work is to present different groups of sex and age personality characteristics from an argentine sample, from the observer’s perspective. This study is part of the International Project Personality Profiles of Cultures: Informant Ratings of Individuals and Nations (conducted by McCrae y Terracciano) which aim is to compare personality profiles across a variety of cultures. Participants. Participants were 181 observers form Buenos Aires Province/AR, with a mean age of 21 (SD = 3.42). Instrument. NEO Personality Inventory Revised Form R (Leibovich de Figueroa & Schmidt, 2005). Results. Differences in personality characteristics as a function of sex and age are presented. Results are analyzed from a transcultural perspective.(AU)

Hacia una versión argentina de una escala de comunicación padres-adolescente / Towards an argentine version of parents-adolescent communication scale

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el proceso de adaptación de la Escala de Comunicación Padres-Adolescente (PACS, de Barnes & Olson, 1982). En la primera parte de la adaptación, se llevó a cabo la revisión de ítems y constructos a través de paneles de expertos. Se presenta el resultado de tal revisión, a partir de la cual se generó la primera versión de la PACS argentina. En la segunda parte de la adaptación, se aplicó la versión argentina de la escala a una muestra heterogénea de 591 adolescentes. Se aportan datos sobre la validez de constructo y se discuten los resultados, considerando la importancia de generar nuevos desarrollos conceptuales e instrumentales relativos a la comunicación humana.

The aim of this work is to present the adaptation process of Parents-Adolescent Communication Scale (PACS) of Barnes and Olson (1982). In the first study, specific procedures for items and construct revision were followed with expert panels' cooperation. The results of such revision are presented, from which first PACS argentine version was generated. In the second study, PACS argentine version was applied to a 591 adolescent heterogeneous sample. Data about construct validity are presented and results are discussed, considering the relevance of generating new conceptual and instrumental developments about human communication.

Hacia una versión argentina de una escala de comunicación padres-adolescente / Towards an argentine version of parents-adolescent communication scale

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el proceso de adaptación de la Escala de Comunicación Padres-Adolescente (PACS, de Barnes & Olson, 1982). En la primera parte de la adaptación, se llevó a cabo la revisión de ítems y constructos a través de paneles de expertos. Se presenta el resultado de tal revisión, a partir de la cual se generó la primera versión de la PACS argentina. En la segunda parte de la adaptación, se aplicó la versión argentina de la escala a una muestra heterogénea de 591 adolescentes. Se aportan datos sobre la validez de constructo y se discuten los resultados, considerando la importancia de generar nuevos desarrollos conceptuales e instrumentales relativos a la comunicación humana.(AU)

The aim of this work is to present the adaptation process of Parents-Adolescent Communication Scale (PACS) of Barnes and Olson (1982). In the first study, specific procedures for items and construct revision were followed with expert panels' cooperation. The results of such revision are presented, from which first PACS argentine version was generated. In the second study, PACS argentine version was applied to a 591 adolescent heterogeneous sample. Data about construct validity are presented and results are discussed, considering the relevance of generating new conceptual and instrumental developments about human communication.(AU)

El malestar por inestabilidad laboral y su relación con tensión y recursos personales / Uneasiness due to job instability and its relationship with psychological strain and personnal resources

La inestabilidad laboral se ha tornado uno de los estresores psicosociales más relevantes en las últimas décadas y su percepción podría generar malestar y sufrimiento, desembocando en un estado de estrés con la consecuente elevación de tensión en uno o varios de sus canales de expresión, provocando así efectos deletéreos en la salud psico-física de los trabajadores. Nos preguntamos qué aspectos personales y laborales de los trabajadores estarían vinculados a un mayor malestar debido a la inestabilidad laboral y si éste es predictor de la tensión psicológica que manifiesta el trabajador. El IMPIL, en su versión reducida, junto con otras técnicas, fue administrado a una muestra de 90 empleados en relación de dependencia. Concluimos que la inestabilidad laboral impacta negativamente en el trabajador a través de uno de los canales de expresión: el malestar, sobre todo si existe un desajuste entre el nivel de instrucción y la tarea que realiza. A su vez, corroboramos que la inestabilidad laboral y el malestar que la misma genera producen altos niveles de tensión psicológica en el trabajador.

Predictores de abuso de alcohol en adolescentes: mitos versus evidencia empírica / Predictors of alcohol abuse among adolescents: myths versus empirical evidence

Desde el año 2003, con motivo del proyecto de investigación de CONICET: Factores familiares y de personalidad. Su relación con el abuso de alcohol en adolescentes, se ha trabajado con un total de 900 adolescentes de escuelas de distinto nivel socio-económico (NES) de la Pcia. de Bs. As. El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar aquellos resultados alcanzados hasta la fecha que contradicen algunos mitos y prejuicios ampliamente compartidos por la sociedad en general, incluyendo profesionales de la salud. La evidencia empírica que se presenta resulta del análisis de los datos obtenidos durante la primera etapa de la investigación en la cual colaboraron de manera voluntaria y anónima 591 adolescentes a los que se aplicó una batería de instrumentos adaptados a nuestro medio. Los datos fueron analizados con estadísticos descriptivos, Chi cuadrado, análisis de correlación (r de Pearson), ANOVA y regresión logística. Se presentan las limitaciones y alcances de este estudio.