Genetic diversity of Cajazeira (Spondias mombin L.) in three geographic regions.

Cajazeira (Spondias mombin L.), of the family Anacardiaceae, is a species of fruit tree found in the Amazon region with fruits that have excellent prospects for commercial use. We aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity within and among natural populations of S. mombin, with natural occurrence in northern Mato Grosso State, by using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Overall, 126 individuals were evaluated from three populations located Alta Floresta (AFL) 42, Marcelândia (MAR) 41, and Nova Bandeirantes (NBA) 43. The individuals were genotyped with 14 ISSR primers, which amplified 99 fragments. All markers, with the exception of DiGA3'A, presented a polymorphic information content above 0.25, and thus, are recommended for diversity analyses in S. mombin. Genetic diversity of the AFL [Nei's diversity (H) = 0.2430 and Shannon index (I) = 0.3547] and MAR (H = 0.2062 and I = 0.2993) populations was higher when compared to the NBA population, which presented the lowest genetic diversity (H = 0.2002 and I = 0.2957). Analysis of molecular variance showed that 77.38% of the total genetic variation is found within populations while 22.62% is found among populations. AFL and NBA are genetically the most similar populations and also the closest "Structure" revealed genetic diversity among the genotypes of each population. As there is genetic variability in both populations, and there are no genetically identical individuals, both populations can be a source of genotypes for germplasm banks and for future commercial fruitful plantations S. mombin.

Combining ability of S3 progenies for key agronomic traits in popcorn: comparison of testers in top-crosses.

The successful development of hybrid cultivars depends on the reliability of estimated combining ability of the parent lines. The objectives of this study were to assess the combining ability of partially inbred S3 families of popcorn derived from the open-pollinated variety UENF 14, via top-crosses with four testers, and to compare the testers for their ability to discriminate the S3 progenies. The experiment was conducted in the 2015/2016 crop season, in an incomplete-block (Lattice) design with three replications. The following agronomic traits were evaluated: average plant height, grain yield (GY), popping expansion (PE), and expanded popcorn volume per hectare. The top-cross hybrid, originating from the BRS-Angela vs S3 progeny 10 combination, was indicated as promising, showing high values for specific combining ability for GY and PE. For the S3 progenies that showed high and positive GCA values for GY and PE, the continuity of the breeding program is recommended, with the advance of self-pollination generations. Fasoulas' differentiation index discriminated the BRS-Angela tester as the most suitable for identifying the superior progenies.

The peroxidase-promoted metabolic activation of acetaminophen produces electronically excited species.

When the analgesic and antipyretic drug acetaminophen is exposed to the horseradish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide system, light emission is observed. Both the rate of reaction and the emission intensity are increased in the presence of the cationic detergent CTAB. The emission spectrum indicates the presence of at least three emitters. The peak at 445 nm is close to the position of the only band observed in the fluorescence spectrum of the spent reaction mixture and is ascribed to excited N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine. The other two emission bands (505 and 580 nm) must be due to transients. Total emission from the system increases in the presence of Triton X-100 solubilized-chlorophyll; the main donor to chlorophyll is the 445 nm emitter. The generation of excited species in this model system of acetaminophen peroxidative metabolization expands the number of candidates responsible for the deleterious effects of the drug in high doses.