Upgrade and absolute calibration of the JET scintillator-based fast-ion loss detector.

The JET FILD is a scintillator-based Fast-ion Loss Detector optimized to measure fusion-born alpha-particle losses. This work covers its upgrade and absolute calibration in preparation for the following JET DT experiments. A fast scintillator material (TG-Green) has been installed in the JET FILD. A heater jacket is installed around the fiber bundle, responsible for transmitting the light from the scintillator plate, to anneal the fiber obscuring due to neutron damage. The JET FILD has been upgraded with a 1 Mpx camera and 2 MHz photomultiplier data acquisition hardware. Full-orbit simulations give an estimate of the shading effects on the scintillator plate of the first wall structures and provide a synthetic signal of the JET FILD. A detector instrument function enables absolute values of fast-ion losses using calibration factors. The calibration factors are made available in a shot-to-shot basis for the characterized species and energies and with corrections for the diagnostic conditions. The fast acquisition system sets the Nyquist frequency (1 MHz) above the typical mode frequencies (≈102 kHz), thus making it possible to identify MHD-induced fast-ion losses.

Serological evidence of the occurrence of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) virus infection in cattle in Tanzania.

Antibodies specific to bovine leukosis (leukemia) virus (BLV) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent, assay (ELISA) in 2,849 serum sample from exotic/improved and indigenous cattle originating from 6 regions of Tanzania, 2,047 from dairy cattle and 802 from beef cattle. An overall infection rate (prevalence) of approximately 36% was detected. The infection rates were 41% and 21.4% in dairy and beef herds respectively. In the dairy herds the infection rate varied from herd to herd. The possible sources of infection and methods of spread within Tanzania are discussed.

Nd-YAG laser-induced endobronchial burn. Management and long-term follow-up.

Endobronchial fires are a rare complication of Nd-YAG laser photoresection. Short-term morbidity is secondary to sloughing mucosa and mucous plugging. Aggressive pulmonary hygiene, including frequent bronchoscopies and possibly a tracheostomy, may be required. The major long-term complication is obstruction of the airways from granulation tissue. Long-term follow-up is required to evaluate and treat clinically significant granulation tissue in the airways.

Observations on blood-borne parasites of domestic livestock in the lower Juba region of Somalia.

The commonest parasite to be found in blood of cattle in the Lower Juba Region is Theileria mutans. Antibodies against Trypanosoma spp. and Anaplasma marginale could be detected serologically whereas no antibodies against T. parva and T. annulata were present. A list of ticks collected between 1980 and 1982 in the above mentioned area shows that vectors of T. mutans are common. As the cattle throughout the region are indigenous Somali Boran it seems that endemic stability is maintained and mortality from T. mutans infection is negligible. It is not yet clear whether pathogenic strains of T. mutans similar to those isolated in East Africa occur.