RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The hydraulic spray delivery (HSD)-based solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS) emitter configuration has been optimized for agrochemical applications in vertical shoot position (VSP) vineyards. It uses cost-prohibitive emitters, and their placement restricts the mechanical pruning activities. Therefore, this study focused on optimizing the spray performance of a pneumatic spray delivery (PSD)-based SSCDS variant that addresses the earlier issues. Three PSD-SSCDS emitter configurations (C1-C3) were designed using modified low-cost emitters (E1: modified flat fan, E2: 90° modular flat fan) for agrochemical applications in VSP vineyards. C1 had an E1 installed on trellis posts at 1.67 m above ground level. C2 had a pair of E2 installed per vine at 0.3 m below the cordon, while C3 combined the emitter placement of C1 and C2. The spray deposition (ng cm-2) and coverage (%) were quantified (mean ± standard error) using mylar cards and water-sensitive paper samplers placed within the canopy, respectively. RESULTS: Spray deposition for C1, C2, and C3 was 301.12 ± 63.30, 347.9 ± 66.29, and 837.6 ± 92.53 ng cm-2, respectively. Whereas spray coverage for corresponding configurations was 18.02 ± 2.63, 8.98 ± 1.84, and 28.84 ± 2.46%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, configuration C3 provided significantly higher spray deposition and coverage than C1 and C2. Substantially reduced system installation cost and emitter density per hectare with improved spray performance were achieved by C3 compared to earlier optimized HSD-SSCDS configuration in the VSP vineyards. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Vitis , Agroquímicos/farmacologia , Fazendas , PraguicidasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: From spring 2020, SARS-CoV2 began to spread worldwide, with what is now known as the first wave of the pandemic, starting in March 2020. This resulted in restructuring and shift of resources at many hospitals. The aim of our work was to detect the effects of the pandemic on the german Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ORL) university hospitals in terms of research, student teaching and further specialist training. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The chairmen of the 39 ORL university hospitals in Germany were asked about the effects of the pandemic on research, student teaching and ORL specialist training (residency) in the period from March to April 2020 using a structured online survey. RESULTS: All 39 chairmen took part in the survey. Of these, 74.4% (29/39) stated that their research activities had deteriorated as a result of the pandemic. In 61.5% (24/39) pandemic-related research issues were addressed. All hospitals reported a restriction for in-house teaching and 97.5% (38/39) introduced new digital teaching methods. During the observation period, 74.4% of the chairmen did not see ORL specialist training (residency)at risk. CONCLUSION: Our results provide an insight into the heterogeneous effects of the pandemic. The fast processing of pandemic-related research topics and the introduction of innovative digital concepts for student teaching impressively demonstrates the great innovative potential and the ability of the ORL university hospitals to react quickly in order to maintain their tasks in research, student teaching and ORL specialist training in the best possible way even during the pandemic.
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COVID-19 , Otolaringologia , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudantes , EnsinoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Since December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been rapidly spreading worldwide. In Germany, an exponential increase in the number of infections was registered at the beginning of March 2020 and led to a call of the Ministry of Health to create more capacity for intensive medical treatment in hospitals. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ORL) university hospitals regarding patient care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online survey was sent out to all chairmen of the 39 ORL university hospitals in Germany. The answers to the questions referred to the defined period from March 15th to April 15th 2020 and were carried out using the online survey tool "SurveyMonkey". 87 questions focused on general information, health care, and structural effects in the respective institution. RESULTS: All chairmen of the 39 university hospitals in Germany participated in the survey. The collected data prove the considerable impact on organizational, structural and medical aspects of patient care. For example, the surveyed clinics reported a decrease in outpatient cases by 73.8â% to 26.2â±â14.2â% and in surgical treatments by 65.9â% to 34.1â±â13.9â%. In contrast, emergency treatment remained unchanged or even increased in 80â% of the facilities and surgical treatment of emergency patients remained unchanged or even increased in more than 90â%. Emergency outpatient and surgical treatment of patients was provided throughout the pandemic in all facilities. In total, about 35â000 outpatients and about 12â000 surgical cases were postponed. As a result of the acute structural changes, the potential danger of falling below current treatment standards was seen in individual areas of patient care. DISCUSSION: The assessment of the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is heterogeneous. The majority of the chairmen are critically aware of the risk of falling below current medical treatment standards or guidelines. In the phase of an exponential increase in the number of infections, significant changes in treatment processes had to be accepted for understandable reasons. However, with the currently significantly reduced number of infections, falling below treatment standards and guidelines should not be allowed to remain constant and tolerated. SUMMARY: This study shows a differentiated picture with regard to the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on outpatient, inpatient and operative patient care at the ORL university hospitals in Germany and illustrates the importance of these institutions for ensuring patient care during this critical phase.
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Infecções por Coronavirus , Otolaringologia , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/epidemiologia , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/terapia , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Alemanha , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Center for Executive Medicine (CEM) concierge primary care practice on preventive colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates relative to local and national comparator data. METHODS: We performed an electronic medical record search encompassing our entire patient population who are between the ages of 50 and 75 years to determine the rate of CRC screening. We compared this rate with the average rate of Medicare Advantage plans reported by our Independent Physician Association (IPA) in 2015 and national health plans reported by the National Committee for Quality Assurance in 2014. RESULTS: The CEM had a CRC screening rate of 90.2%, which was significantly higher than local IPA Medicare Advantage plans (63.3%) and National Committee for Quality Assurance national plans (57.7%-66.5%). CEM members were significantly more likely than were IPA members to undergo screening (odds ratio 1.425, 95% confidence interval 1.348-1.507, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the CEM practice strategy and processes increase CRC screening rates.
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Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Medicina Concierge , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Feminino , Humanos , Cobertura do Seguro , Seguro Saúde , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sangue OcultoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The second-opinion network for testicular cancer is an internet-based platform addressing physicians treating testicular cancer patients. They are offered a second-opinion before determining further therapy after orchiectomy and completion of staging. THEME: The high rate of discrepancies between the first and second opinion in more than 30 % supports the assumption of a deficit in the implementation of treatment guidelines. In 2015, approximately 22 % of the newly diagnosed cases with testicular cancer in Germany were covered by this system. According to the present interim analysis, the second-opinion platform helps to avoid overtreatment of testicular cancer patients. The high acceptance of the project and the encouraging results of this interim analysis gave rise to considerations to apply the second-opinion model to penile carcinoma. Data from the UK and the Netherlands show that the second-opinion network for penile cancer could help to improve treatment standards and results in Germany. Current data and the intended further development of the system are discussed.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Informação em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/normas , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Oncologia/normas , Uso Excessivo dos Serviços de Saúde/prevenção & controle , Uso Excessivo dos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Testiculares/epidemiologia , Urologia/normasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Investigations of the effect of beverages containing carbohydrates, only, on the sodium and fluid balance during intermittent exercise of high intensity are rare. Therefore, we compared the effects of water and carbohydrate supplementation on plasma, blood volume, and electrolyte shifts during intermittent exercise. METHODS: Ten male subjects performed an intermittent exercise test twice. In one trial, tap water (4 ml/kg/15 min) was consumed (Plac trial). In the other trial, the same amount of water supplemented with maltodextrin to achieve a 9.1 % carbohydrate solution (CHO trial) was ingested. Training schedule: warm-up at 50 % for 15 min. Afterwards, power changed between 100 % of the maximum power from a previous incremental test minus 10 and 10 W for each 30 s. Venous blood was sampled to measure electrolytes, osmolality, [protein], hct, [Lactate], [glucose], [Hb] and catecholamines. Hydration status was evaluated by BIA before and after exercise. RESULTS: After beverage ingestion [glucose] was significantly higher in CHO until the end of the trial. Starting with similar resting values, osmolality increased significantly more during CHO (p = 0.002). PV decreased by 5 % under both conditions, but recovered partly during exercise under Plac (p = 0.002). [Na+] and [Cl(-)] decreased with Plac during exercise (both p < 0.001) but remained constant during exercise with CHO. CONCLUSIONS: Sole carbohydrate supplementation seems to stabilise plasma [Na+]. This cannot be explained simply by a cotransport of glucose and [Na+], because that should lead to a recovery of the blood and plasma volume under CHO. In contrast, this was found during exercise with Plac.
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Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade/métodos , Resistência Física/fisiologia , Sódio/sangue , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/fisiologia , Adulto , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Condicionamento Físico Humano/métodos , Resistência Física/efeitos dos fármacos , Esforço Físico/efeitos dos fármacos , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Germany, testicular cancer accounts for about 1-2% of all malignant tumours. Although, therefore, this is a rare tumour, it assumes an exceptional position among malignant tumours in several respects. In male patients aged 20-35 years it is the most common tumour, which directly affects the family and life planning of young men, a matter of prime importance at this age. Another aspect of testicular cancer is its excellent prognosis since the introduction of platinum-based chemotherapy into the armamentarium of testicular cancer therapy. Therefore, therapeutic innovations increasingly focus on reducing the radicality of treatment, even more so since this therapy, in addition to acute toxicity, can cause severe long-term consequences up to and including secondary malignancies. OBJECTIVES: This article gives an overview of the present therapeutic standard of stage I testicular cancer treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Selective PubMed research Results and Discussion: Besides potential implications for organ-sparing surgery, the article elucidates the benefits of a risk-adapted therapeutic approach and indications for a surveillance strategy for patients with localised testicular cancer.
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Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/terapia , Seminoma/terapia , Neoplasias Testiculares/terapia , Adulto , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante , Terapia Combinada , Alemanha , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Humanos , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/patologia , Orquiectomia , Prognóstico , Seminoma/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Testículo/patologiaRESUMO
The second opinion network for testicular cancer is an internet-based platform addressed to physicians treating testicular cancer patients. They are offered a second opinion before determining further therapy after orchiectomy and completion of staging procedures. The platform has been used in more than 3,000 cases of testicular cancer to date. The rate of discrepancies between first and second opinions is higher than 30%. This suggests a deficit in the implementation of published therapy guidelines. According to our present interim analysis, the second opinion platform helps in avoiding overtreatment of testicular cancer. The high acceptance of the project and the encouraging results of this interim analysis open the door for expansion of the second opinion model to other diseases, e. g., penile carcinoma.
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Redes de Comunicação de Computadores , Comportamento Cooperativo , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Internet , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/terapia , Encaminhamento e Consulta/organização & administração , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Uso Excessivo dos Serviços de Saúde/prevenção & controle , Orquiectomia , Guias de Prática Clínica como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The therapy of malignant testicular neoplasms has always been characterized by a high degree of radicality. Thanks to a number of medical achievements the cure rate of testicular cancer has notably increased through the last decades. In the meanwhile the main focus is on reducing therapy load, scrutinizing radical orchiectomy as the only adequate therapy for the primary tumour. OBJECTIVES: This article discusses the question, if and under which conditions an organ-sparing approach can be used appropriately in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A selective literature search was performed in PubMed. RESULTS: A set of data suggest that endocrine and exocrine function of the testis can be preserved using an organ-sparing approach and many patients could benefit regarding their quality of life, e.g., preserving the ability to father a child at least temporarily and avoiding the need for hormone substitution. Different from kidney tumors, precancerous lesions (testicular intraepithelia neoplasia, TIN) can almost inevitably be found in the surrounding tissue of testicular tumors. This has to be considered when making a decision in favor of an organ-sparing approach, because radiation therapy on the affected testis has to be performed after tumor resection. Despite the absence of prospective data, organ-sparing surgical tumor resection can be recommended in carefully selected patients. CONCLUSION: After careful selection of patients, particularly young men can profit from an organ-sparing therapy regimen. Therefore, organ preservation should always be considered in the surgical treatment of testicular masses.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Tratamentos com Preservação do Órgão/métodos , Órgãos em Risco/cirurgia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Neoplasias Testiculares/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnósticoRESUMO
Currently, seminomas account for about 60% of newly diagnosed testicular cancers in Germany, with an increasing trend. In lower tumor stages the main focus is on the avoidance of over therapy. This is of special interest in stage I where radiotherapy, carboplatin monotherapy and surveillance are available therapies as well as in stage IIA/B. Due to high late toxicity, radiotherapy of the retroperitoneal space is obsolete for young patients with clinical stage I and, in its present form, discussed controversially for patients with clinical stage IIA/B. The cause for this paradigm shift is the high percentage of secondary malignancies resulting after radiotherapy of the retroperitoneal space. Furthermore, 10-25% of the patients receiving radiotherapy alone for clinical stage IIA/B seminoma suffer from a relapse of the disease due to tumor recurrence in extraregional lymph nodes. Therefore, an ongoing study is investigating if a combined treatment with neoadjuvant carboplatin and radiotherapy with a limited target volume can reduce toxicity without jeopardizing the cure rate. Patients with residual tumors >3 cm should undergo 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) computed tomography scanning after a minimum interval of 6 weeks after chemotherapy. In the case of a positive FDG-PET-CT result, the further therapeutic strategy should be the subject of interdisciplinary discussions.
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Seminoma/terapia , Neoplasias Testiculares/terapia , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Carboplatina/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Masculino , Imagem Multimodal , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Neoplasia Residual/terapia , Orquiectomia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Prognóstico , Radioterapia , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Seminoma/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
The incidence of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is increasing. Many different and multimodal novel treatment options were brought on the way since the beginning of a new era in the early 1980s, when the neobladder as a common option for urinary diversion had been induced. In addition to open radical cystectomy and urinary diversion, recently, minimal invasive surgery has been implemented in experienced centers and led to promising results in short term follow-up, awaiting confirmation in larger cohorts. Pelvic lymphnode dissection can cure patients with low metastatic load. Expansion of pelvic lymphonodal dissection and its influence on survival was discussed intensively with trends to a moderate enlargement of the standard field. Outcome in nodal positive disease is remaining poor, while 90% of patients with multiple lymphnode metastases will suffer from systemic progress 5 years after diagnosis. In the last decade, treatment regimens based on neoajuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy were published with different results on efficiency. To decide whether to treat with surgery alone, or to offer perioperative systemic cytostatic therapy, is one of the unanswered questions. Furthermore, bladder preserving techniques are still optional for patients with small unifocal lesions or the medically unfit cohort. This review summarizes current data and aims to help guiding through several available recommendations on therapy and management of MIBC.
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Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Cistectomia/métodos , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Músculo Liso , Invasividade Neoplásica , Tratamentos com Preservação do Órgão , Derivação UrináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The therapy of stage I seminoma is under constant change. While surveillance, adjuvant radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy were seen as equal therapeutic alternatives up to a few years ago, recently published studies make it necessary to adopt a more differentiated approach. DISCUSSION: In this review, recent data on the long-term effects of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the question of risk stratification as well as the advantages and limitations of a surveillance strategy are discussed.
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Quimioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Radioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Seminoma/diagnóstico , Seminoma/terapia , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/terapia , Tomada de Decisões , Humanos , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Medição de Risco/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The national second opinion project of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group (GTCSG) has served to improve the quality of care provided to testicular cancer patients since 2006. AIM: A recent online survey was carried out to characterize the users of the second opinion offer and clarify their motivation for participating in the project. Furthermore, the aim was to identify weaknesses of the project which could be improved. A total of 440 users of the second opinion project were contacted of whom 192 participated in the survey. RESULTS: In summary, the data collected showed a high degree of satisfaction among the participants who appreciated the second opinions received. Some issues with a need for improvement, predominantly in the structural organisational area, were disclosed. These served as a basis for a recently completed revision of the project immanent internet-based communication platform with a new data mask facilitating the introduction of patients with relapsed tumors. Interestingly, a high proportion of survey participants expressed the desire for establishment of a similar second opinion project for patients with penile cancer (77.1% of the participants).
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Avaliação das Necessidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Participação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/epidemiologia , Idoso , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Neoplasias Testiculares/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The establishment of long-term uveal melanoma (UM) cell lines is difficult. However, studying living cells and their behaviour in the presence of other cells and the extracellular matrix is important in terms of understanding tumour biology and malignant behaviour. We have established three UM cell lines and report a first characterisation of these cell lines. METHODS: Three established UM cell lines (UMT2, UMT26 and UMT33) were analysed according to their morphologic characteristics, melanocytic differentiation, adhesion on different extracellular matrices and proliferative activity. Copy number changes of chromosomes 1, 3, 6 and 8 were studied by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Oncogenic mutations in UM involving exons 4 and 5 of GNAQ and GNA11, respectively, were analysed by sequencing. RESULTS: All cell lines grew in suspension. UMT2 cells were homogeneous, UMT26 and UMT33 cells heterogeneous with regard to cell size and pigmentation. All UM cell lines revealed a melanocytic differentiation. UMT2 and 33 adhered on various extracellular matrices, while UMT26 only adhered to basal membrane extract (BME). This difference corresponded to the different expression of various integrins. Ki67 was expressed by 89% of UMT2 and 95% of UMT33 cells, which thus were in a proliferative stage, while only 2% of UMT26 cells revealed immunostaining for this proliferation marker. The doubling time of UMT2 was 3 days, 12 days for UMT33, and circa 3-4 months for UMT26. MLPA revealed disomy 3 in UMT2 and monosomy 3 in UMT33. The same point mutation was found in UMT2, 26 and 33, in exon 5 of GNA11 at codon 209 (p.Q209L). CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of UM cell lines under serum-free conditions is possible. Characterisation of UMT2, 26, and 33 revealed obvious differences in cytomorphology, melanocytic differentiation, adhesion on extracellular matrices, and proliferative activity. UMT2, 26 and 33 showed the same oncogenic mutation in exon 5 of GNA11.
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Meios de Cultura Livres de Soro , Melanoma/patologia , Neoplasias Uveais/patologia , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA , Análise Mutacional de DNA , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Feminino , Subunidades alfa de Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Subunidades alfa Gq-G11 de Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex , Mutação , Neoplasias Uveais/genética , Neoplasias Uveais/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: With lower rates of postoperative renal failure, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, partial nephrectomy achieves longer overall survival and equally long tumor-specific survival. It is thus the current gold standard treatment for renal tumors and now also for those ≥ 4 cm in size. The main complications of nephron-sparing surgery, particularly for large and centrally located tumors, are postoperative parenchymal bleeding and urinary fistulas after opening the urinary collecting system (UCS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between August 2003 and April 2012, 76 partial nephrectomies for tumors ≥ 4 cm in size were performed using porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS, Surgisis®) to close the capsular, renal and in some cases, UCS defects. RESULTS: The median tumor size was 5.0 cm (range 4.0-13.0 cm) and the intervention was performed with warm ischemia in 25 cases (32.8 %), with cold perfusion in 16 cases (21.2 %) and without ischemia in 35 cases (46.0 %). A total of 4 patients (5.5 %) developed postoperative urinary fistulas and 4 (5.5 %) required revision surgery because of significant postoperative bleeding. There were no local infections or allergic reactions to the foreign material. CONCLUSIONS: Surgisis® enables a quick and technically uncomplicated closure of the renal defect after partial nephrectomy for tumors. It has the potential to further minimize postoperative bleeding and urinary fistulas and to facilitate the intervention to the extent that nephron-sparing surgery will gain broader acceptance even in patients with tumors ≥4 cm in size.
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Materiais Biocompatíveis , Curativos Biológicos , Bioprótese , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Nefrectomia/métodos , Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Renais/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Isquemia Fria , Hemostasia Cirúrgica/métodos , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Renais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Masculino , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagem , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Insuficiência Renal/prevenção & controle , Reoperação , Taxa de Sobrevida , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Fístula Urinária/prevenção & controle , Isquemia Quente , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The idea of modern palliative care goes back to the times of Dame Cicely Mary Strode Saunders in 1967, a British nurse and physician. Modern palliative care is a multimodal therapeutic and supportive concept for the patient, when curative care has failed or seems to be not reasonable. In this article we review the basics of current palliative care and focus in particular on specific medicamentous therapy during the final episode of life.
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Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Assistência Terminal/métodos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) is associated with risk indicators, including Gleason score, preoperative PSA level, tumor stage, seminal vesicle invasion, and positive surgical margins. The 5-year biochemical progression rate among predisposed patients is as high as 50-70%. Post-RP treatment options include adjuvant radiotherapy (ART, for men with undetectable PSA) or salvage radiotherapy (SRT, for PSA persisting or re-rising above detection threshold). Presently, there are no published randomized trials evaluating ART vs. SRT directly. METHODS: Published data on ART and SRT were reviewed to allow a comparison of the two treatment approaches. RESULTS: Three randomized phase III trials demonstrated an almost 20% absolute benefit for biochemical progression-free survival after ART (60-64 Gy) compared to a "wait and see" policy. The greatest benefit was achieved in patients with positive margins and pT3 tumors. SRT can be offered to patients with elevated PSA after RP. In 30-70% of SRT patients, PSA will decrease to an undetectable level, thus giving a second curative chance. The rate of side effects for both treatments is comparably low. The role of irradiation of pelvic lymph nodes and the additional use of hormone therapy and radiation dose are discussed. CONCLUSION: It remains unclear whether early SRT initiated after PSA failure is equivalent to ART. Where SRT is indicated, it should be started as early as possible.
Assuntos
Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Tempo para o Tratamento , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Terapia Combinada , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Seguimentos , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Humanos , Irradiação Linfática , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Gradação de Tumores , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/radioterapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasia Residual/patologia , Neoplasia Residual/radioterapia , Neoplasia Residual/cirurgia , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Planejamento da Radioterapia Assistida por Computador , Radioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Terapia de Salvação/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy is associated with poor prognosis in testicular germ cell cancer, emphasising the need for new therapeutic approaches. In this respect, the therapeutic concept of anti-angiogenesis is of particular interest. In a previous study, we presented two novel anti-angiogenic compounds, HP-2 and HP-14, blocking the tyrosine kinase activity of angiogenic growth factor receptors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and related signalling pathways in testicular cancer. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of these new compounds in platinum-resistant testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs), in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: Drug-induced changes in cell proliferation of the cisplatin-sensitive TGCT cell line 2102EP and its cisplatin-resistant counterpart 2102EP-R, both expressing the VEGFR-2, were evaluated by crystal violet staining. Both compounds inhibited the growth of cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells in a dose-dependent manner. In combination experiments with cisplatin, HP-14 revealed additive growth-inhibitory effects in TGCT cells, irrespective of the level of cisplatin resistance. Anti-angiogenic effects of HP compounds were confirmed by tube formation assays with freshly isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Using TGCT cells inoculated onto the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilised chicken eggs (chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay), the anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative potency of the novel compounds was also demonstrated in vivo. Gene expression profiling revealed changes in the expression pattern of genes related to DNA damage detection and repair, as well as in chaperone function after treatment with both cisplatin and HP-14, alone or in combination. This suggests that HP-14 can revert the lost effectiveness of cisplatin in the resistant cells by altering the expression of critical genes. CONCLUSION: The novel compound HP-14 effectively inhibits the growth of cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells and suppresses tumour angiogenesis. Thus, HP-14 may be an interesting new agent that should be further explored for TGCT treatment, especially in TGCTs that are resistant to cisplatin.