RESUMO
Myalgia, fatigue, and exercise intolerance are cause for referral to a neurologist. However, the diagnostic value of history, neurological examination, and ancillary investigations in patients with these symptoms is unknown. This study provides a sound footing for deciding which ancillary investigations should be conducted. A prospective observational study of the diagnostic approach in 187 patients with myalgia, exercise intolerance, or fatigue as their predominant symptom was performed. The primary outcomes were independent contribution of referral letter, history, examination, and ancillary investigations to a myopathy diagnosis. The secondary outcome was diagnostic value of combined ancillary investigations. 27% of patients had a myopathy. Positive family history (OR 3.2), progressive symptoms (OR 2.2), atrophy (OR 9.7), weakness (OR 10.9), and hyporeflexia (OR 4.4) were associated with a myopathy. Positive predictive values for myopathy were calculated for CK (0.32), EMG (0.66), ultrasound (0.47), and muscle biopsy (0.78). All contributed significantly in predicting myopathy. Multivariate analysis yielded a diagnostic algorithm facilitating a more efficient work-up in future patients. CK levels, EMG, ultrasound, and muscle biopsy independently contribute to predicting a myopathy. The diagnostic algorithm shows which combination of ancillary investigations should be employed in different subgroups and when to omit invasive techniques. This algorithm may drastically improve diagnostic efficiency.
Assuntos
Fadiga/diagnóstico , Doenças Musculares/diagnóstico , Mialgia/diagnóstico , Adulto , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Fadiga/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Musculares/sangue , Doenças Musculares/complicações , Mialgia/etiologiaRESUMO
CONTEXT: In active Cushing's syndrome (CS), patients suffer from endothelial dysfunction and premature atherosclerosis. However, it is uncertain to what extent vascular health recovers after long-term remission. This is highly relevant because this topic relates to future development of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate whether micro- and macrovascular health is impaired after long-term remission of CS in patients with no or adequately treated comorbidities. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional case-control study in two tertiary referral centers. PATIENTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sixty-three patients (remission of CS for ≥ 4 y) and 63 healthy, well-matched controls were compared. In group A (58 patients and 58 controls), serum biomarkers associated with endothelial dysfunction, intima media thickness, pulse wave velocity, and pulse wave analysis were studied. In group B (14 patients and 14 controls), endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatation was studied in conduit arteries (flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery) and forearm skeletal muscle resistance arteries (vasodilator response to intraarterial acetylcholine, sodium-nitroprusside, and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine using venous occlusion plethysmography). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the outcome measures of vascular health of patients and controls in groups A and B. CONCLUSION: The vascular health of patients in long-term remission of CS seems to be comparable with that of healthy gender-, age-, and body mass index-matched controls, provided that the patients have no, or adequately controlled, comorbidities. Therefore, the effects of hypercortisolism per se on the vasculature may be reversible. This accentuates the need for the stringent treatment of metabolic comorbidities in these patients.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Cushing/complicações , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Vasculares/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Endotélio Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Indução de Remissão , Doenças Vasculares/sangue , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Rigidez VascularRESUMO
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is a disabling upper extremity overuse injury that may be associated with pathophysiological changes in the vasculature. In this study we investigated whether RSI is associated with endothelial dysfunction and impaired exercise-induced blood flow in the affected forearm. 10 patients with RSI (age, 40.2 ± 10.3; BMI, 23.8 ± 3.3) and 10 gender- and age-matched control subjects (age, 38.0 ± 12.4; BMI, 22.7 ± 3.4) participated in this study. Brachial artery blood flow was measured at rest and during 3-min periods of isometric handgrip exercise at 15%, 30% and 45% of the individual maximal voluntary contraction. Brachial artery endothelial function was assessed as the flow mediated dilation (FMD), by measuring brachial artery diameter and velocity before and after 5-min ischemic occlusion. We found a lower exercise-induced brachial artery blood flow in patients with RSI than in controls (p=0.04). Brachial artery FMD was significantly lower in patients with RSI than in controls (p<0.01), whilst a lower FMD was also found in patient with unilateral RSI when comparing the affected arm with the non-affected arm (p=0.04). Our results suggest that patients with RSI have an attenuated exercise-induced blood flow and an impaired endothelial function in the affected arm. These findings importantly improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of RSI.
Assuntos
Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos do Antebraço/fisiopatologia , Antebraço/irrigação sanguínea , Adulto , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/fisiologia , Artéria Braquial/fisiopatologia , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Humanos , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , Contração Isométrica/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vasodilatação/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prolonged, moderate-intensity exercise training is routinely prescribed to subjects with obesity. In the general population, this type of exercise can lead to fluid and sodium imbalance. However, little is known whether obesity alters the risk of fluid and sodium imbalances. OBJECTIVE: This study examined physiological responses, such as core body temperature, fluid and sodium balance, in lean (BMI<25), overweight (25