Simulation in pediatric minimally invasive surgery: adaptation of a simple series of exercises as part of the process of an initial implementation of a resident training program.

INTRODUCTION: the simulation in minimally invasive surgery is fundamental for surgeon in training to learning and training skills, especially in pediatrics, due to the particularities, reduced spaces, specific and rare procedures. The aim of this study was to propose an adapted series of exercises and to simply evaluate the performance of pediatric surgery residents in the initial implementation of a training program. METHOD: seven basic skills exercises in video surgery, based on series and programs already published and using low-cost materials, were performed by six residents in 2 moments, with an interval of 15 days and evaluated by simple instrument. RESULTS: there was no difficulty with models. Considering the individual averages of the seven exercises together in the two moments, five of the six residents increased the score in the second moment. The average score per exercise increased in five of the seven tasks. Despite the small number of participants and repetition, it has already been possible to observe a trend of better performance with decreased time of all residents after a single repetition. All considered the exercises capable of training essential skills of the specialty, with simple and inexpensive materials. CONCLUSION: given the challenges of simulated training in pediatric video surgery, it is known the benefit of a continuous program, with exercises that can simulate real situations. A pre-established schedule, more participants and repetitions, supervision of experienced surgeons and validated instruments are fundamental to evaluate surgeons in training and show statistical benefits of simulated exercises in this series.

Simulation in Pediatric Video Surgery: Training with Simple and Reproducible Exercises Elaborated by Residents.

Background: Most residents do not have a defined program for simulation training in video surgery in Brazil. The training takes place for the most part in vivo or in short courses. The goal of this article is to describe and evaluate a set of exercises using low-cost materials, created by the residents themselves, to enable basic skills training in video surgery. Materials and Methods: Seven exercises were elaborated aiming to simulate main maneuvers performed in video surgery. The residents were guided by a written and video description showing the execution of the exercises, performed the exercises, and answered a questionnaire. After 3 weeks of free training, the residents performed the exercises and answered the questionnaire again. Results: Seven residents started the study; however, 6 completed the two steps. Among the participants, 83% received in vivo video surgery training, and only 2 (33%) received some supervised simulation training in minimally invasive surgery before this time. All participants considered the set of seven exercises representative of the actual skills in video surgery. There was no difficulty in acquiring the materials or in assembling them to carry out the training. All the participants had a shorter training time than initially proposed, on average 1 day/week for 20 minutes. Conclusions: A simple set of exercises can be elaborated by the residents themselves and make feasible the simulated training in video surgery even without the availability of sophisticated and expensive materials. The presence of a tutor and the scheduling of exclusive training seem necessary for more satisfactory results.

Circumcision: postoperative complications that required reoperation.

Objective To evaluate post-operative complications of circumcision requiring surgical reintervention. Methods Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients submitted to circumcision from May 1st, 2015 to May 31st, 2016. Results A total of 2,441 circumcisions were performed; in that, 1,940 using Plastibell and 501 by the classic technique. Complications requiring surgical reintervention were found in 3.27% of patients. When separated by surgical technique, 3.4% of circumcisions using Plastibell device required reoperation, as compared to 3% of conventional technique (p=0.79). Preputial stenosis was most frequently found in classic circumcision, with statistical significance (p<0.001). Bleeding was more frequent when using Plastibell device, but the difference was not statistically different (p=0.37). Patients' age was also evaluated to investigate if this variable influenced on the postoperative outcome, but no significant difference was found. Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference when comparing complications between the different techniques performed at this hospital. Preputial stenosis was most frequently found in the classic circumcision, while bleeding was more prevalent when using Plastibell device. Patients' age did not influence in complications.

Circumcision: postoperative complications that required reoperation / Postectomia: complicações pós-operatórias necessitando reintervenção cirúrgica

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate post-operative complications of circumcision requiring surgical reintervention. Methods Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients submitted to circumcision from May 1st, 2015 to May 31st, 2016. Results A total of 2,441 circumcisions were performed; in that, 1,940 using Plastibell and 501 by the classic technique. Complications requiring surgical reintervention were found in 3.27% of patients. When separated by surgical technique, 3.4% of circumcisions using Plastibell device required reoperation, as compared to 3% of conventional technique (p=0.79). Preputial stenosis was most frequently found in classic circumcision, with statistical significance (p<0.001). Bleeding was more frequent when using Plastibell device, but the difference was not statistically different (p=0.37). Patients' age was also evaluated to investigate if this variable influenced on the postoperative outcome, but no significant difference was found. Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference when comparing complications between the different techniques performed at this hospital. Preputial stenosis was most frequently found in the classic circumcision, while bleeding was more prevalent when using Plastibell device. Patients' age did not influence in complications.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar as complicações pós-operatórias de postectomia que necessitaram de reintervenção cirúrgica. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com análise de prontuários de pacientes submetidos à postectomia entre 1o de maio de 2015 a 31 de Maio de 2016. Resultados Foram realizadas 2.441 postectomias no período, sendo 501 utilizando a técnica clássica e 1.940 utilizando o dispositivo Plastibell. Apresentaram complicações que necessitaram reintervenção cirúrgica 3,27% dos pacientes. Quando separados por técnica operatória, 3,4% das postectomias com Plastibell foram reoperadas, comparando com 3% das postectomias convencionais (p=0,79). A estenose de prepúcio foi mais frequentemente encontrada na técnica clássica, com significância estatística (p<0,001). Sangramento foi mais frequente nos casos com uso do Plastibell, porém sem diferença significativa (p=0,37). A idade dos pacientes também foi avaliada para investigar se esta variável influenciou na taxa de complicações pós-operatórias, porém não houve diferença significativa. Conclusão Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quando comparadas as complicações entre as diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas neste serviço. A estenose de prepúcio foi mais frequentemente encontrada nos pacientes operados pela técnica convencional enquanto demonstrou-se tendência a maior sangramento com uso do Plastibell. A idade dos pacientes não influenciou na presença de complicações.

Papiloma urotelial - relato de caso em menino de 10 Anos / Urothelial papilloma - case report on 10 years old boy

Papiloma urotelial é raro em pacientes na infância, sendo mais comum em pacientes na sua sexta ou sétima década de vida. Comumente é indolor, sendo os sinais mais frequentes: hematúria, sintomas irritativos durante a micção, retenção urinária. O diagnóstico é realizado a partir de cistoscopia e anatomopatologia. No caso L.A.V, masculino, 10 anos, chegou ao pronto-socorro com dor de baixo-ventre, de forte intensidade, tipo cólica, não apresentando outros sintomas associados. Realizou-se um ultrassom de abdome, que evidenciou uma lesão sólida única, vegetante em base medindo 15 milímetros, lobulada e bem delimitada. O parcial de urina foi negativo para hematúria. Depois de realizada uma cistoscopia com retirada da lesão, a análise anatomopatológica diagnosticou o papiloma urotelial. O tratamento da lesão foi realizado com a sua retirada durante a cistoscopia com sucesso. Papiloma urotelial na infância tem baixa taxa de mutação e recidiva, portanto há um ótimo prognóstico para o paciente

Urothelial papilloma is rare in patients in childhood and is more common in patients in their sixth or seventh decade of life. Commonly it is painless, being the most frequent symptoms: hematuria, irritative symptoms during urination, urinary retention. The diagnosis is made from cystoscopy and pathology. In case LAV, male, 10 years, came to the emergency room with lower abdominal pain, high intensity, cramping, showing no other symptoms. We conducted an abdomen ultrasound which showed a solid lesion only vegetating in base measuring 15 mm, lobulated and well-defined. The partial urine was negative for hematuria. After a cystoscopy performed with removal of the lesion, the histopathological analysis diagnosed urothelial papilloma. The treatment of the lesion was performed with the withdrawal successfully during cystoscopy. Urothelial papilloma in childhood have low mutation rate and recurrence, so getting a good prognosis for the patient.

Early and long-term effects of physiotherapy for trismus in patients treated for oral and oropharyngeal cancer

OBJECTIVE: Study aim was to analyze early and late effects of physical therapy in the mouth opening of patients with trismus after treatment for oral and oropharyngeal cancer. METHODS: This was an ambispective cohort study, including 29 patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas treated by surgery and/or adjuvant radiotherapy. Physical therapy including an active range of motion exercises, manual stretching and CRAC (contract-relax, antagonistcontract) technique were applied. Information about tumor, cancer treatment, physical therapy and mouth opening was obtained from the medical or physical therapy records. Assessment of mouth opening was performed at three moments: pre-physical therapy, at the end of the last session of treatment (early results) and when patients were invited for a new functional evaluation (long-term results).RESULTS: Mouth opening increased significantly in both early and long-term evaluations (p < 0.001). The initial mouth opening measurements (23.2mm) were significantly smaller than the post-physical therapy (33.9 mm) and long-term measurements (38.1 mm) (p < 0.001). Effect size was 1.0 and 1.4, related to early and late results, respectively. Surgically treated patients seem to have a better long-term response than those treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS: Mouth opening increased significantly after physical therapy in patients with trismus, and these results were sustained after therapy had been concluded. There seems to be a larger increase in mouth opening in patients treated exclusively by surgery than in patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy