The Use of CAD/CAM Cobalt-Chromium Framework to Optimize Subgingival Prosthetic Contours and Improve Esthetics: Anterior Mandibular Case Reports.

Although implant therapy in esthetically relevant areas is currently based on a prosthetically driven philosophy, anatomical and technical factors may impair ideal implant placement. In these scenarios, the clinician is frequently asked to solve the discrepancy between the implant emergence and the ideal coronal anatomy of the final restoration. This report describes how changes of the implant abutment-crown contour in specific locations may be intentionally promoted to determine improvements of the peri-implant soft tissues and overall esthetic integration. Cobalt-chromium alloys together with computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture technologies are critical factors in achieving this goal. Case reports for the mandibular anterior dentition demonstrated the ability to enhance biologic and esthetic results of malpositioned implants.

Edentulous site enhancement: a regenerative approach to the management of edentulous areas. Part 2: Peri-implant tissues.

The appearance and long-term stability of peri-implant bone, mucosa, and gingiva determine the success of implant-supported prostheses from both the esthetic and functional standpoints. Any surgical or prosthetic technique that takes into consideration only some variables, or that only intervenes in a limited phase of treatment, is a potential source of a partially successful and/or unpredictable clinical outcome. This article describes the underlying principles and surgical-prosthetic procedures of a systematic regenerative approach, edentulous site enhancement (ESE). The goal of this approach is to improve the anatomy of edentulous sites. Applied to implant dentistry, this approach enables peri-implant tissue to be managed predictably, optimizing the functional and esthetic result of restorations with regard to treatment time, number of surgical stages, long-term prognosis, and incidence of complications. The principles underlying the ESE approach, which are independent of any specific implant system, are applicable in the majority of clinical situations, regardless of the esthetic requirements.

Edentulous site enhancement: a regenerative approach for the management of edentulous areas. Part 1. Pontic areas.

The successful esthetic integration of a prosthesis is dependent on the anatomic site in which the restoration is inserted. Edentulous site enhancement is a regenerative approach based on the following: (1) anatomic evidence that the morphology of soft tissues is dependent on the underlying support (bone, roots, implants) but also significantly influenced by overlying structures (fixed or removable prostheses); (2) histologic evidence of the remarkable regenerative capacity of the newly formed tissue that develops during healing by secondary intention; (3) clinical evidence that it is possible to guide the formation of this new regenerative tissue by creating a support with proper morphology and a highly polished surface; (4) observations that positive pressure exerted by alimentary bolus and negative pressure produced by deglutition affect the growth of this tissue healing by second intention; and (5) the application of appropriate oral hygiene techniques to guide tissue healing and maintain its integrity. The edentulous site enhancement approach is simple, practical, and predictable and offers minimal postoperative complications. This paper describes the edentulous site enhancement approach as applied in the pontic areas.

Morphogenic bone splitting: description of an original technique and its application in esthetically significant areas.

PURPOSE: This article presents a regenerative technique, morphogenic bone splitting (MBS), which overcomes the limitations associated with expansion techniques described to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors propose a method whereby the bone-mucosa-gingival complex (BMGC) is displaced in its entirety, establishing a new focus for a secondary hinge located in the coronal reaches of the osteotomy. Depending on clinical needs, this approach modifies or eliminates the facially inclined hinge displacement characteristic of ridge expansion techniques. By exploiting the inherent capacity for second intention healing, the regenerative MBS technique avoids the use of graft material, membranes, or mechanical devices. It effectively harnesses the intrinsic regenerative capabilities of the treated site. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The MBS technique is performed in a single operation. By permitting the insertion of implants of an appropriate size in the optimum position for esthetic and functional requirements, it achieves the desired 3-dimensional reshaping of the BMGC and thereby restores the anatomy of the implant site. This reshaping includes: root prominences, keratinized gingiva, papillae, fornix, and the mucogingival junction. In addition to these esthetically significant issues, it permits implants to be placed at a functionally favorable axial inclination.

Tissue healing in implants immediately placed into postextraction sockets: a pilot study in a mini-pig model.

OBJECTIVE: A pilot in vivo study was conducted to evaluate (1) the rate of osseointegration at apical, middle, and coronal levels of oral implants immediately installed into fresh extraction sockets; (2) the maturation of the newly formed bone surrounding implants during 60 days of healing; and (3) the epithelium seal development. STUDY DESIGN: The premolars of 8 male adult mini-pigs were extracted at each mandibular site under general anesthesia. In the experimental side, Frialit-2 implants were immediately inserted. The gap between bone and implants ranged between 3 and 6 mm circumferencially. Bone specimens were obtained at 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after surgery for histologic and histomorphometric studies. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone volume, trabecular thickness, number, and separation were recorded. Nonparametric exact tests were used to evaluate data. RESULTS: BIC at the coronal level was observed close to 0% at day 7 and increased up to 60% at day 60 after surgery on an average. BIC increased from 11.7% to 47.38% at middle level and from 53.4% to 67.38% at apical level from day 7 to day 60. With respect to bone maturation, in the earlier stages of healing, many thin trabeculae were observed, which, particularly at coronal level, became significantly fewer and thicker in more advanced stages. At day 60, the features of the bone were similar to those of baseline. The epithelium never migrated more than 1.8 mm apically to the top of the alveolar bone level. CONCLUSION: When implants are placed immediately into fresh extraction sockets, in minipig models osseointegration also occurs without initial bone contact.