[Practical value of certain prognostic scales in wound dystrophy].

The authors gave comparative characteristics of the data available in literature and the scales of evaluation of the severity and prognosis of wound dystrophy used by them.

[Application of the principles of the systemic approach to interpretation of the pathogenesis of traumatic shock and traumatic disease]. / Prilozhenie printsipov sistemnogo podkhoda k traktovke patogeneza travmaticheskogo shoka i travmaticheskoi bolezni.

Experimental and clinical studies for many years led the authors to the conclusion that systemic approach seems most adequate for current interpretation of pathogenesis of traumatic disease (TD) and its component--traumatic shock (TS). It seems valid to assess TD and TS severity and dynamics by the proportion of pathological and adaptive reactions. Drugs should be used for maintenance and stimulation of adaptive reactions. Strong correlations of dynamics and severity of TD and TS enable prediction of TD course and outcome in acute period by time criterion (+)-T and distinguish three degrees of TD severity as well as evaluation of probability of favorable or unfavorable (lethal) outcome.

[The surgical operation as a component in the resuscitation assistance in severe combined chest trauma]. / Khirurgicheskaia operatsiia kak komponent reanimatsionnogo posobiia pri tiazheloi sochetannoi travme grudi.

Assessment of the relationship between the total system and local pathological processes in patients with grave combined thoracic injuries and analysis of the efficacy of various therapeutic measures included in the intensive care complex brought the authors to a conclusion about the efficacy of surgical interventions, including repair of the thoracic carcass, in the early periods after the injury. They claim that artificial ventilation of the lungs is permitted, if necessary, during a limited period, and an intervention should be performed as early as possible in order to attain the recovery of spontaneous respiration.

[Evaluation of lung surfactant function in terms of lipid monolayer micromechanics]. / Otsenka funktsionirovaniia surfaktanta legkikh s pozitsii mikromekhaniki lipidnogo monosloia.

The analysis of compression isotherms of lipid monolayers and thermodynamical estimation of the conditions of the formation of layered systems underlies the explanation of some details of lung surfactant work. When the chemical potential of the monolayer during compression reaches the value of the chemical potential of the liquid bilayer membrane free of the mechanical stress, the conversion of monolayer into bilayer phase commences by means of squeezing out of monolayer in subphase creating bilayer ripples. During inspiration when alveolar surface expands, ripples turn back. Hence, in the course of normal breathing the process is quazi-reversible. During forced breathing definite losses of surfactant in the subphase can occur due to closing of ripples tending to minimize the edge energy. On the other hand, the edge is the place of instability of bilayer where fusing of lipid aggregates with edge takes place enriching thus monolayer by the lipid molecules. It is suggested that the treatment of newborn respiratory distress syndrome necessitates the new ways of the enrichment of a monolayer with lipids from the subphase or the ways for inhalation of lipidic suspension having the morphology of the inverted phases.

Origin of amphiphilic molecules and their role in primary structure formation.

Attempts to solve two fundamental questions are described: the first concerns which mechanisms were responsible for the self-assembly of membrane structures on the prebiotic Earth, and the second concerns the routes by which considerable amounts of membrane amphiphiles formed from simpler hydrocarbons. The physicochemical properties of several amphiphilic compounds extracted from the Murchison carbonaceous chondrite were studied, using infra-red and fluorescent spectroscopy, measurements of surface activity, chromato-mass spectrometry, and polarization and electron microscopy. The results supported previous observations that amphiphilic and aromatic hydrocarbons were present in significant quantities, and the first demonstration of surface activity among a number of acidic derivatives of hydrocarbons is reported. In addition, one fraction of the surface-active compounds can form bilayer structures, showing that membranes could have self-assembled on the prebiotic Earth. Photochemical oxidation of hydrocarbons is shown to be a likely source of the amphiphilic molecules required for the self-assembly of primary membrane structures.

[Common and peculiar features of the interaction of hemoglobins with hydrated dipalmitoyllecithin]. / Obshchnost' i osobennosti vzaimodeistvii gemoglobinov s gidratirovannym dipal'mitoilletsitinom.

It was demonstrated that human and horse hemoglobin variants having quantitative difference in the interaction with dipalmitoyllecithin exhibit features of generality. The latter is manifested in the established hydrophobic contacts between protein and lipid in hydrated films discovered by IR spectroscopy. The arrangement of hydrophobicity profiles of hemoproteins demonstrated in amino acid sequences of chains the existence of intermittent hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. Such a composition of hemoglobins could underlie their property to participate in hydrophobic interactions with lipids.

[Effect of levamisole on nonspecific resistance of patients in the early post-shock period]. / Vliianie levamizola na nespetsificheskuiu rezistentnost' postradavshikh v rannem postshokovom periode.

The authors consider that the application of Levamisol in the treatment of patients decreases the amount of complications if the degree of shock was not great. In greater degree of shock Levamisole failed to exert a favorable effect.

[Basis for choosing the surgical treatment method in intracranial hematomas in combined craniocerebral injury and concomitant shock]. / Obosnovanie vybora sposoba khirurgicheskogo lecheniia vnutricherepnykh gematom pri sochetannoi cherepno-mozgovoi travme, soprovozhdaiushcheisia shokom.

A comparative evaluation of the antishock effectiveness of the ablation of intracranial hematomas by means of various surgical accesses was made. The method of mathematical analysis based on the principle of "moving averages was used. It was shown that the potential antishock effectiveness of the ablation of intracranial hematomas was maximum after using cutter openings and minimum after using the osteoplastic access.

[Low-angle x-ray diffraction of the erythrocyte membrane]. / Malouglovaia difraktsiia rentgenovskikh luchei na membranakh éritrotsitov.

Using low-angle X-ray diffraction technique it has been shown that preparing procedures can induce the phase separation in red blood cell membranes in the course of which proteins are removed from lipid bilayers. The latter form rather extensive regions and the diffraction pattern of asymmetric type changes to a symmetric one.

[A model of lipid and cholesterol interactions in hydrated phases: formation of linear cholesterol multimers]. / Model' vzaimodeistviia lipidov i kholesterina v gidratirovannykh fazakh: formirovanie lineinykh mul'timerov kholesterina.

On the ground of Martin and Yeagle's model based on the possibility of formation of cholesterol dimers in the course of its interaction with lipids, the scheme of lipid cholesterol interaction is presented. Its essence is connected with possible formation of linear cholesterol multimers circled by unshared aliphatic chains.

[Preservation of liver mitochondria function in hemorrhage-resistant rats during severe long-term hypotension]. / Sokhranenie funktsii mitokhondrii pecheni u ustoichivykh k krovopotere krys pri glubokoi dlitel'noi gipotenzii.

In contrast to the reported data evidencing early impairment of the liver mitochondrial function in the Wiggers model of hemorrhagic shock at the arterial blood pressure 30-40 mm Hg, lasting not over 6 h, a group of hemorrhage-resistant rats was discovered. In these rats, the lifetime was about 20 h, with the blood pressure being the same as indicated above. Rectal temperature decreased to 24-25 degrees C during shock. No substantial disorders were recorded in oxidative phosphorylation and ATPase activity of the mitochondria isolated from the liver in the irreversible stage of shock (70% blood return) or in the terminal state of animals. It is assumed that hypothermia plays the protective role. The conclusion is made that the damage to the mitochondria is not indispensable factor of the development of irreversible shock.

[Value of liquid crystal thermography in the diagnosis of acute lactation mastitis]. / Znachenie zhidkokristallicheskoi termografii v diagnostike ostrogo laktatsionnogo mastita.

The observations were performed in 83 patients. It was shown that liquid crystal thermography allowed timely diagnosis of acute mastitis, its form, spread of the process, appearance of a recurrent destructive process in the gland.