Empoderamiento de las enfermeras durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en una unidad de nueva creación / Empowerment of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic at a newly created unit

Objetivo: explorar la vivencia de empoderamiento de las enfermeras en una unidad de semicríticos creada durante la primera ola de la pandemia por COVID-19 en el Hospital Fundación Althaia y comprender los factores que influyeron en él. Método: estudio cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico efectuado de marzo a mayo de 2020. Se incluyó a las 25 enfermeras que habían trabajado en la unidad en periodos continuados de, al menos, dos semanas. Se realizó un muestreo intencional de diferentes perfiles demográficos y laborales hasta la saturación de datos. Se llevó a cabo observación participante durante ocho semanas y entrevistas semiestructuradas tras el cierre de la unidad. Se analizó el contenido latente con soporte del software Atlas Ti versión 8.4 y triangulación de investigadoras. Resultados: se entrevistó a ocho enfermeras. Se establecieron 37 códigos distribuidos en nueve agrupaciones y dos temas finales. Refirieron un aumento del empoderamiento. Se identificaron como factores que lo promovieron el trabajo en equipo, el aprendizaje, la toma de conciencia de la visión holística de la Enfermería, el impacto en la organización, el reconocimiento social e institucional y el deber moral. Se encontró como factores que lo dificultaron: el desconocimiento inicial, los recursos materiales y estructurales y el soporte institucional recibido. Conclusiones: se identificaron factores estructurales, psicológicos y relacionales que influyeron en el empoderamiento de las enfermeras. Estos hallazgos pueden contribuir a mejorar la organización de los servicios de salud y los cuidados enfermeros en situaciones similares.(AU)

Objective: to explore the empowerment experience of nurses at a Semi-critical Care Unit created during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Fundación Althaia hospital, and to understand the influential factors. Method: a qualitative phenomenological study conducted from March to May 2020. The 25 nurses who had worked in the unit for continuous periods of at least two weeks were included. There was purposive sampling of different demographic and occupational profiles until data saturation. Participant observation was conducted for eight weeks, and semistructured interviews after unit closure. The latent contents were analysed with support by the Atlas Ti software, version 8.4, and investigator triangulation. Results: eight nurses were interviewed; 37 codes were determined, distributed in nine groups and two final subjects. They reported an increase in empowerment. The driving factors for this were identified as: teamwork, learning, awareness of the holistic vision of Nursing, impact on organization, social and institutional recognition, and moral duty. The hindering factors found were: initial lack of knowledge, material and structural resources, and the institutional support received. Conclusions: structural, psychological and relational factors were identified as having impact on nursing empowerment. These findings can contribute to improving the organization of health services and nursing care in similar situations.(AU)

Social Inequities in the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on the Mental Health of a Large Sample of the Colombian Population (PSY-COVID Study).

The identification of general population groups particularly vulnerable to the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on mental health and the development of healthcare policies are priority challenges in the current and future pandemics. This study aimed to identify the personal and social determinants of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on mental health in a large sample of the Colombian population. In this cross-sectional study, an anonymous online survey was answered by 18,061 participants from the general population residing in Colombia during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak (from 20 May to 20 June 2020). The risk of depression, anxiety, and somatization disorders were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), and Somatic Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ-5), respectively. Overall, 35% of participants showed risk of depression, 29% of anxiety, and 31% of somatization. According to the analysis of social determinants of health, the most affected groups were people with low incomes, students, and young adults (18-29 years). Specifically, low-income young females were the most at-risk population group. These findings show how the lockdown measures affected the general population's mental health in Colombia and highlight some social risk factors in health.

Quality of life and well-being from the perspective of patients on opioid agonist maintenance treatment: study protocol for a systematic review of qualitative research and a scoping review of measures.

BACKGROUND: Opioid agonist maintenance treatment (OAMT) is a first-line treatment for heroin dependence, but its effectiveness has been assessed primarily through clinical outcomes with a limited attention to patient perspectives. Despite the increased use of patient reported outcome measures their patient-centeredness is highly questionable. This is the protocol of a systematic review of qualitative research on how OAMT users construct the meaning of their quality of life and well-being and a scoping review of instruments that measure these domains. METHODS: We will conduct a systematic review of qualitative research exploring the views of quality of life of patients on OAMT (registration number CRD42018086490). According pre-specified eligibility criteria, we will include studies from a comprehensive search of bibliographical databases from their inception. We will extract data from included studies and assess their risk of bias with the CASP appraisal criteria, and will implement a thematic analysis to generate a set of interpretative analytical themes ascertaining their confidence using the CERQual approach. We will implement similar methods to conduct a scoping review to assess to what extent the existing measures of these domains were focused on user's views, assessing their validity using the COSMIN methodology, and summarizing their characteristics and level of patient centeredness. CONCLUSION: The findings from the reviews will contribute to obtain a genuine understanding of the perspective from users on OAMT regarding their perception of well-being and quality of life and will likely lead to greater patient centeredness when assessing such variables, which in turn may contribute to a more patient-centered care.

Mujeres y árbitras: Historias de vida de una doble minoría en el deporte / Women and referees: life stories of a double minority in sport

En este estudio comparamos la trayectoria de dos mujeres árbitros internacionales en el deporte. Las historias de vida, reconstruidas mediante entrevistas, permiten una lectura del camino seguido desde sus inicios hasta alcanzar el máximo nivel, sin olvidar su perspectiva de futuro. Los resultados muestran diferencias respecto a las barreras encontradas en su trayectoria deportiva y en su visión de la desigualdad de género. En los recursos y desafíos se hacen más visibles las similitudes entre ambas historias

In this study we compare the career of two international referee women in sport. Life stories, reconstructed through interviews, allow us to develop the path followed since her beginning up to the maximum level without forgetting her future prospects. The results show diferences at the level of the barriers encountered in his sporting career and her vision of gender inequality. In the resources and challenges become more visible similarities in both stories

Models of Professional Career of the Managerial Woman / Modelos de carrera profesional de la mujer directiva

In recent years the professional trajectory of women and their access to management positions has earned relevance in the literary corpus. The aim of this work is to describe the professional trajectories that characterize the evolution towards management. The study is based on a series of open-ended, semi-structured interviews that were subjected to a systematic, interpretive analysis using a phenomenological, longitudinal approach. The analysis perspective is based on life stories, by means of a declaration or story about the last 12 years of nine women's careers. These stories reveal the events, lived and told, which characterize the professional trajectory where they occur. The results show 4 career models as a way of analyzing the professional trajectories.

En los últimos años la trayectoria profesional de la mujer y su acceso a cargos de responsabilidad ha ido ganado relevancia en el corpus literario. El objetivo de este trabajo es, precisamente, describir las trayectorias que caracterizan el paso a la dirección. El estudio se basa en una serie de entrevistas abiertas, semiestructuradas, que fueron sometidas a un análisis interpretativo, sistemático y con un enfoque fenomenológico y longitudinal. La perspectiva de análisis se orienta por las historias de vida, mediante relatos de los doce últimos años de carrera de nueve mujeres. Estas historias revelan los acontecimientos que se viven y se relatan y que caracterizan la trayectoria profesional. Los resultados muestran cuatro modelos de carrera como una forma de analizar las trayectorias profesionales.

Women in Management and Life Cycle: Aspects that Limit or Promote Getting to the Top, por Clara Selva Olid

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