[Role of leukocyte adhesion in filterability of blood cell suspensions]. / Rol' adgezii leikotsitov v fil'truemosti suspenzii kletok krovi.

We investigated blood cells suspension filterability of 16 donors. The filtration was performed trough 5 microns-pore nuclear filters at constant perfusion pressure 10(5) din/cm2. We estimated also the adherence of leukocytes and platelets on nylon. The adherence of platelets and mononuclear leukocytes reduced the level of the suspension filterability only by 21% (p > 0.05). The presence of nonadhesive polynuclear leukocytes in the suspensions did not change practically their filterability. The addition in the suspensions of adhesive polynuclear leukocytes reduced suspension filterability dramatically.

[Pathogenesis of lower limb diabetic angiopathies in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / K patogenezu diabeticheskikh angiopatii nizhnikh konechnostei u bol'nykh insulinnezavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Some indices of the system of homeostasis, lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation (LPO), the levels of IRI, C-peptide, glycosylated Hb and glycemia (on an empty stomach) were investigated in 131 patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (the patients ranged in age from 40 to 60). Correlation analysis has shown that derangements in the system of homeostasis, lipid metabolism and LPO are correlated and interrelated, resulting in disorder of the arterial blood flow in the lower limbs and hence to the development and progression of diabetic angiopathies. The authors have proposed a scheme of LPO involvement in the development of lower limb diabetic angiopathies.

[Leukocyte filterability in whole blood]. / Fil'truemost' leikotsitov v tsel'noi krovi.

There was investigated the leukocyte and erythrocyte filtration in blood of 25 donors men. The blood filtration was performed through 5 m pores of nuclear filters at constant perfusion pressure 100 cm H2O. Erythrocytes didn't influence on the leukocyte filtration in blood. Filtration properties of leukocytes together with their number was more important at filtration of blood.

[The possible pathways for the formation of a pool of an acid-soluble blood plasma fraction in patients with diffuse suppurative peritonitis]. / Vozmozhnye puti formirovaniia pula kislotorastvorimoi fraktsii plazmy krovi u bol'nykh razlitym gnoinym peritonitom.

In patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis, the total pool of an acid-soluble blood plasma fraction (ABPF) considerably increases as compared to that in normals (donors). The present paper is concerned with the role of proteolytic activity and lysis of bacterial cells and cells of different human tissues in the formation of the ABPF in patients with peritonitis. For this purpose the normals' blood and its separate components were treated with various enzymes (trypsin, pronase, chemotrypsin, papain, elastase, alpha-amylase) to measure the ABPF. The pattern of changes detectable on such a treatment was compared with the tendency of changes seen in patients with peritonitis. Measurements were also made of acid-soluble fractions in suspensions of bacterial cells and cells of the pancreas, liver and heart muscle tissue of man. It has been found that on proteolysis of plasma proteins and membrane proteins of blood cells there form products contained by the ABPF. Such products formed in the greatest amount as a result of treatment with pronase. Products of the lysis of bacterial cells may be also contained by the ABPF of peritonitis patients. The possibility of detecting proteolytic degradation and cellular disintegration according to the spectral characteristics of separate fractions of the ABPF is discussed.

[Blood plasma amino acids and total protein, their elimination and catabolism during the hemofiltration of patients with acute kidney failure]. / Aminokisloty i obshchii belok plazmy krovi, vydelenie i katabolizm ikh pri gemofil'tratsii u bol'nykh s ostroi pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

Intermittent hemofiltration (HF) was applied to the treatment of 8 patients (3 men and 5 women) with the grave pattern of acute renal failure (ARF) of prerenal origin. Altogether 23 sessions (from one to six in every patient) were performed with replacement of 44.3 +/- 2.8 1 liquid on the average. Two patients died. Of these, one female patient died from progressive peritonitis and sepsis and the other one from cisplatinum intoxication, bone marrow aplasia and sepsis. The content of blood plasma amino acids (AA), total protein and its fractions was measured before and after HF. Measurements were also made of excretion of those substances with filtrate. Besides, the amount of protein AA catabolized during the procedure was calculated according to the kinetics of urea. The authors hold that ARF-associated changes in the content of AA are primarily determined by adaptive shifts in metabolism. Differences in AA consumption were revealed to depend on the period and quality of adaptation. On the average HF brought about losses of 7.5 g AA and 73.1 g protein with filtrate. At the same time 37.5 g AA underwent oxidation, while urea generation rose 2-fold, amounting to 0.48 mmol/kg bw per hour. It is concluded that in ARF patients undergoing intermittent HF, it is necessary that anabolizing glucose and insulin therapy be applied together with replacement infusion of AA and (or) protein.

[The filterability of whole blood (the role of leukocytes and erythrocytes)]. / Fil'truemost' tsel'noi krovi (rol' leikotsitov i éritrotsitov).

Filterability of the blood with various red cell and leukocyte concentrations was examined in 17 patients with coronary heart disease. The blood was filtered through a filter with pore diameter of 5 microns under a pressure of 100 cm water column. Blood filterability drastically deteriorated if leukocyte concentrations in the blood increased and depended on the leukocyte filtration characteristics. The number of red cells passed through the filter was in direct proportion with the blood red cell count.

[The removal of beta 2-microglobulin during continuous and intermittent hemofiltration]. / Vyvedenie beta 2-mikroglobulina pri postoiannoi i intermittiruiushchei gemofil'tratsii.

The kinetics of beta 2-microglobulin was studied during chronic arteriovenous filtration of the blood (altogether 8 sessions with a mean duration of 54 hrs, the rate of filtration, 0.5 kg/hr, substitution volume 12.5 kg/day) or intermittent ultrafiltration (altogether 20 sessions with a mean duration of 5.64 hrs, the rate of filtration 10 kg/hr; substitution volume, 10 kg/hr) in 8 patients with acute renal failure (ARF) and 5 ones with chronic renal failure (CRF). The authors employed filters HF-55,77,88 manufactured by "Gambro" (a polyamide membrane) and filters D-30 production by "Amicon" (a polysulfone membrane). The substitution was performed in some of ARF patients after the dilution and in some of them pre- and postdilution substitution was combined. CRF patients were parenterally substituted with balanced solution. Heparine was injected in a dose of 10-15 units per hour. The initial blood levels of beta 2microglobulin in the patients under chronic procedure were 16.6 +/- 70.7 (39.2 +/- 9.35) mg/litre, final levels 9.3 +/- 73.3 (32.5 +/- 6.36) mg/litre. The elimination volume of beta 2-microglobulin and the filtration solution was 80.5 +/- 291.2 (162.7 +/- 20.2) mg/day, comprised 1/5 of the pool and was in proportion to the amount of the substituted fluid. In the patients with intermittent filtration the initial blood levels of beta 2-microglobulin were 15-30 (25.5 +/- 1.5) mg/litre while its final levels were 5.7 +/- 26.9 (15.1 +/- 1.2) mg/litre. The elimination volume of beta 2-microglobulin and the filtration solution was 66.6 +/- 372.1 (176.1 +/- 15.8) mg per session. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Hemostasis and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus and angiopathy of the lower extremities]. / Gemostaz i lipidnyi obmen u bo'lnykh insulinnezavisimym sakharnym diabetom s angiopatiei nizhnikh konechnostei.

A study of hemostasis and lipid metabolism, a basal level of immunoreactive insulin, hemoglobin A1C was performed in 81 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and associated angiopathy of the legs. Decompensated stage of the diabetes was characterized by hypercoagulation and hyperlipidemia. Treatment of diabetic angiopathy of the legs should be aimed both at compensation of diabetes and correction of abnormalities in hemostasis and lipid metabolism.

[Characteristics of disturbances in the hemostasis system in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with angiopathies of the vessels of the lower extremities]. / Osobennosti narushenii v sisteme gemostaza u bol'nykh insulinnezavisimym tipom sakharnogo diabeta s angiopatiiami sosudov nizhnikh konechnostei.

Indices of the system of hemostasis, the levels of glycolysated hemoglobin were studied in 67 patients suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with lower limb angiopathies (aged 40 to 60). Rheovasography of the lower limbs was performed. The patients were treated with antidiabetic drugs per os (with the exception of hydroxydione sodium succinate), platelet aggregation inhibitors (pentoxifylline, acetylsalicylic acid) and vasodilators (xanthinol nicotinate, solcoseryl and cinnarizine). The use of pentoxifylline after therapy increased the rate of platelet aggregation inhibition and decreased the prothrombin index, not influencing the other indices of the system of hemostasis. Pentoxifylline combined with acetylsalicylic acid at small doses normalized not only platelet indices but also the other indices of the system of hemostasis. Positive changes in the system of hemostasis were accompanied by a rise of the rheographic index in patients with vascular functional changes. In obliterating atherosclerosis the rheographic index was not on an increase indicating the necessity of corrective therapy of vascular lesions, first of all in the system of hemostasis, in the early period of diabetes mellitus.

[Urea balance in the treatment of acute renal failure by hemofiltration]. / Balans mocheviny pri lechenii ostroi pochechnoi nedostatochnosti gemofil'tratsiei.

Hemofiltration efficacy was assessed in 14 patients with acute renal insufficiency. Purification quality was controlled by the balance of urea as a marker of low molecular mass substances. Ten patients survived. Adequate purification could be attained with the help of hemofiltration disregarding the level of azotemia and catabolism. An indispensible condition for effective treatment was the substitution of an adequate volume of body fluid (approximately 1.2 volume). The effectiveness of the method could be enhanced as many patients tolerated filtration at rate of 200 ml/min and more. A substitution solution was adequately saturated with urea and purification efficacy corresponded to the rate of filtration. In prolonged anuria filtration procedures not less than 2 times a week were considered optimum.

[Effect of preparations of placental albumin on serum alpha-fetoprotein levels]. / Vliianie preparatov platsentarnogo al'bumina na uroven' syvorotochnogo al'fa-fetoproteina.

Unlike donor's albumin, placental albumin preparations contain an appreciable amount of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) which is likely to make difficult the differential diagnosis of AFP-producing tumors. On the other hand, AFP may play the role of the protein blank sample of albumin administered to the patient.

[A method of plasmapheresis in patients with hereditary hypercholesterolemia]. / Metodika plazmafereza u bol'nykh s nasledstvennoi giperkholesterinemiei.

The authors describe a procedure of plasmapheresis with plasma ultrafiltration and the ultrafiltrate return to the patient. It has been shown that application of such a procedure of plasmapheresis permits eliminating lipids, with preservation of electrolytes, enzymes, amino acids, vitamins and other valuable plasma components.

[Concentration of hormones in the blood of patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the postoperative period and the effect of hemosorption]. / Kontsentratsiia gormonov v krovi liudei s zabolevaniiami zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta v posleoperationnom periode i vliianie na nee gemosorbtsii.

Concentrations of cortisol, renin, insulin, thyrocalcitonin were increased and those of triiodothyronine and testosterone were decreased within 1-2 days of a postoperative period. The degree of impairment of content of the hormones correlated with severity of the disease (the most distinct alterations were noted in fatal outcome). Normalization of the hormonal patterns within the first week indicated the favourable course of the disease. In generalized pyoperitoneum a number of hormones wer eliminated from blood after haemosorption: cortisol, aldosterone, triiodothyronine, dehydroepiandrosterone, insulin, thyrotropic hormone, testosterone. The content of adrenal gland hormones was rapidly restored. Other hormones (insulin, thyrotropic hormone, testosterone) apparently had to be administered in the course of therapy. Increases in renin activity, in content of blood somatotropin and thyrocalcitonin appear to be adaptive reactions in response to elimination during haemosorption of a number of biologically active substances.